Rajgad Dnyanpeeth Technical Campus Polytechnic, Dhangawadi

Tal. Bhor, Dist. Pune – 412206 (M.S) India

A MICRO PROJECT REPORT

On
“Develop microproject on Railway System ’’

Is Submitted by -
Miss. Gaikwad Pranjal Nilesh
Miss. Jadhav Shweta Pradip
Mr. Kochale Himesh Santosh
Mr. Shrike Aayush Ganapat
Under the guidance of

Prof. Deshmukh A.D

Subject: - Database Management System

In partial fulfilment of

Diploma in S.Y Computer Engineering

(Academic Year 2024-2025)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
 Certificate

This is to certify that following students

Miss. Gaikwad Pranjal Nilesh

Miss. Jadhav Shweta Pradip
Mr. Kochale Himesh Santosh
Mr. Shirke Aayush Ganapat

Has successfully submitted their micro project report on “Develop

microproject on Railway System ’’during the academic year 2024-2025 in the
partial fulfilment towards the completion of micro project in S.Y. Computer
Engineering under MSBTE MUMBAI

Project Guide Head of Department

Prof.Deshmukh A.D Prof. Khutwad S. S

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am personally indebted to a number of people who gave me their useful insights to

aid in my overall progress for this project. A complete acknowledgement would therefore be
encyclopedic. First of all, I would like to give my deepest gratitude to my parents for
permitting me to take up this course.

My heartfelt sense of gratitude goes to our respected Principal Prof. Khopade D. K.

for all his efforts and administration in educating us in his premiere institution. I take this
opportunity to also thank our Head of the Department, Prof. Khuitwad S.S. for her
encouragement throughout the seminar.

I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to my guide Prof. Deshmukh
A.D for his commendable support and encouragement for the completion of Project with
perfection. I also convey my sincere thanks to Prof. Khutwad S.S for her invaluable
suggestions and for his technical support rendered during the course of my project.
I would like to thank all faculty members and staff of the Department of Computer
Engineering for their generous help in various ways for the guidance of this project.

STUDENT NAME ENROLLMENT NO SIGN

1.Gaikwad Pranjal Nilesh 23213160127

2.Jadhav Shweta Pradip 23213160128

3.Kochale Himesh Santosh 23213160130

4.Shirke Aayush Ganapat 23213160120

 ABSTRACT

The Railway Reservation System facilitates the passengers to enquire about the trains
available on the basis of source and destination, Booking and Cancellation of tickets,
enquire about the status of the booked ticket, etc.

The aim of case study is to design and develop a database maintaining the records
of different trains, train status, and passengers. This project contains Introduction to
the Railways reservation system It is the computerized system of reserving the seats of train
seats in advanced. It is mainly used for long route.

On-line reservation has made the process for the reservation of seats very much easier than
ever before..In our country India, there are number of counters for the reservation of the
seats and one can easily make reservations and get tickets. Then this project contains entity
relationship model diagram based on railway reservation system and introduction to relation
model.
 INTRODUCTION

Database is an organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model aspects of
reality in a way that supports processes requiring information ..A DBMS makes it possible for
end-users to create, read, update and delete data in a database.

The DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end-users or application
programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible. The DBMS
manages three important things: the data, the database engine that allows data to be
accessed .locked and modified and the database schema, which defines the database's logical
structure.

These three foundational elements help provide concurrency, security, data integrity, and
uniform administration procedures. The DBMS can offer both logical and physical data
independence Which means it can protect users and applications from needing to know where
data is stored or having to be concerned about changes to the physical structure of data.

The main purpose of maintaining database for Railway Reservation System is to reduce the
manual errors involved in the booking and canceling of tickets and make it convenient for the
customers and providers to maintain the data about their customers and also about the seats
available at them.

Due to automation many loopholes that exist in the manual maintenance of the records can be
removed. The speed of obtaining and processing the data will be fast. For future expansion the
proposed system can be web enabled so that clients can make various enquiries about trains
between stations. Due to this, sometimes a lot of problems occur and they are facing many
disputes with customers. To solve the above problem, we design a data base which includes
customer details .availability of seats in trains. no of trains and their details.
 APPLICATIONS OF RAILWAY SYSTEM IN DBMS

Railway systems have been effectively managed and optimized using database management
systems (DBMS). Let’s explore some of the key applications:
 Railway Ticket Booking and Management:
A fundamental application is the management of ticket booking, cancellation, and seat
availability. DBMS handles passenger data, train schedules, and ticket reservations
 Train Occupancy and Delays:
DBMS can analyze passenger and train data to monitor train occupancy levels and track
delays. This information is crucial for operational planning and resource allocation.
 Resource Management:
Railway systems involve various resources: trains, stations, tracks, crew, and rolling stock.
DBMS helps manage these resources efficiently.
It maintains information about train schedules, maintenance schedules, crew assignments, and
track availability.
 Inventory Management:
DBMS handles inventory control for railway systems. This includes managing spare parts,
tools, and consumables required for maintenance and repairs.
It ensures that necessary items are available when needed and prevents overstocking.
 Passenger Information Systems:
DBMS stores and retrieves real-time information for passengers, such as train arrival and
departure times, platform details, and delays.
Passenger information displays at stations and online portals rely on this data.
 Financial Transactions and Billing:
Railway systems involve financial transactions—ticket sales, refunds, and payments to
vendors. DBMS ensures accurate recording and reconciliation of financial data.
It also manages billing for freight services.
 Maintenance and Repairs:
DBMS tracks maintenance schedules for trains, tracks, and other infrastructure. It schedules
routine inspections, repairs, and replacements.
Maintenance history, spare part inventory, and work orders are all managed through the system.
 Security and Surveillance:
DBMS can integrate with security systems, managing access control, surveillance footage,
and incident reporting.
It helps ensure passenger safety and protects railway assets.
 Analytics and Reporting:
DBMS allows for data analysis, generating reports on performance metrics, revenue,
ridership, and operational efficiency.
Decision-makers use these insights to optimize operations.
 Integration with Other Systems:
Railway systems often interface with other systems, such as accounting, HR, and inventory
management. DBMS facilitates seamless data exchange between these systems.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RAILWAY SYSTEM IN
DBMS

Advantages of Using DBMS in Railway Systems:-

 Data Management and Record Keeping:

DBMS plays a crucial role in managing vast amounts of data related to railway
operations. It handles records such as ticket bookings, schedules, seat allocations, and
other transaction data for airlines, hotels, and, of course, railways1.
 Data Integrity and Consistency:
Railway systems deal with critical information—passenger details, train routes, ticket
prices, and more. DBMS ensures data integrity by enforcing constraints (such as unique
keys and referential integrity) to prevent inconsistencies. When you book a train ticket,
you want to be sure that your seat assignment matches the one on the conductor’s
handheld device. DBMS helps maintain this consistency.
 Efficient Query Processing:
Trains run on tight schedules, and queries related to ticket availability, seat upgrades, or
route changes need to be lightning-fast. DBMS optimizes query execution, ensuring
timely responses. Ever wondered how the ticket booking website instantly tells you the
available seats? That’s the magic of efficient query processing!
 Security and Access Control:

Railway databases contain sensitive information—passenger names, payment details, and

travel history. DBMS provides access control mechanisms to restrict unauthorized access.
It’s like having a well-guarded railway station where only authorized personnel can access
critical areas.

Disadvantages and Challenges:

 Scalability Challenges:

Railways expand over time, adding new routes, stations, and services. Scaling up the DBMS
infrastructure to handle this growth can be challenging .It’s like trying to extend a railway
track while the trains are still running—a delicate balance.

 Lack of Flexibility for Dynamic Data:

Traditional relational DBMS relies on predefined schemas. Handling dynamic data (like
sudden changes in train schedules) can be cumbersome.
 NEED OF RAILWAY SYSTEM IN DBMS

1)Efficient Operations and Management:

Railways handle a massive volume of data related to train schedules, passenger bookings, cargo
shipments, maintenance, and more. A well-designed DBMS helps manage this data efficiently.
Train schedules, routes, and availability of seats need to be constantly updated. A DBMS
ensures real-time data accuracy and consistency.

2)Passenger Services:
For passenger services, a railway DBMS handles ticket reservations, cancellations, seat
allocations, and passenger information.
It allows travelers to book tickets online, check availability, and receive e-tickets—all
seamlessly managed through the system.

3)Cargo and Freight Management:

Railways transport goods across long distances. A DBMS assists in managing freight logistics,
tracking cargo, and optimizing routes.
It ensures efficient loading and unloading processes, minimizing delays and maximizing
revenue.

4)Safety and Security:

Safety is paramount in rail transport. A DBMS helps track maintenance schedules, monitor
safety protocols, and manage incidents.
It stores information about track conditions, signaling systems, and maintenance history.

5)Document Management:
Railways generate a vast amount of paperwork. A Document Management System (DMS)
allows electronic document exchange, reducing reliance on paper.
Different departments can create, read, modify, and delete documents securely within the
intranet1.

6)Geographic Information Systems (GIS):

GIS is valuable for rail transport. It helps evaluate the environment, especially when planning
new rail designs or assessing the impact of high-speed trains.
GIS provides insights into the flow of freight, passenger traffic, and environmental factors.

7)Configuration Management:
For large railway infrastructure projects, Configuration Management Databases (CMDBs)
maintain accurate records of project elements.
ER DIAGRAM FOR RAILWAY SYSTEM
 DATABASE QUERIES

//CREATE TABLE USER_INFO//

CREATE TABLE User_info(User_id number(4) PRIMARY KEY,User_name VARCHAR(25)
NOT NULL,User_Addr varchar(30));

//CREATE TABLE TRAIN//

CREATE TABLE Train (Train_id number (5)PRIMARY KEY,Train_no number(6) NOT
NULL,Name VARCHAR(25));

//CREATE TABLE ROUTE//

CREATE TABLE Route (Route_id number(5) PRIMARY KEY,distance DECIMAL(10, 2)
NOT NULL);

//CREATE TABLE SCHEDULE//

CREATE TABLE Schedule (ScheduleID number (5) PRIMARY KEY,ArrivalTime timestamp
NOT NULL);

//CREATE TABLE STATION//

CREATE TABLE Station (Station_ID number(5) PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR(25)
NOT NULL,Location VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL);

//CREATE TABLE SEAT//

CREATE TABLE Seat ( Seat_id INT PRIMARY KEY, Seat_no VARCHAR(10) NOT
NULL,Class VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL);

//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE USER_INFO//

insert into user_info(User_id,User_name,User_Addr)values(101,'om','pune');
insert into user_info(User_id,User_name,User_Addr)values(105,'sai','lonavala');
insert into user_info(User_id,User_name,User_Addr)values(1089,'rutvi','satara');
insert into user_info(User_id,User_name,User_Addr)values(104,'pallavi','nagpur');
insert into user_info(User_id,User_name,User_Addr)values(109,'akshay','mumbai');

//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE TRAIN//

insert into train(train_id,train_no,name)values(123,34526,'passenger');
insert into train(train_id,train_no,name)values(1111,37612,'pune_express');
insert into train(train_id,train_no,name)values(14859,24537,'mumbai_pune_express');
insert into train(train_id,train_no,name)values(2356,23567,'shirdi_passenger');
insert into train(train_id,train_no,name)values(1292,68905,'daund_express');
//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE SEAT//
insert into seat(Seat_id,Seat_no,Class,train_id)values(3673,262,'local',123);
insert into seat(Seat_id,Seat_no,Class,train_id)values(74774,2245,'non_ac',1292);
insert into seat(Seat_id,Seat_no,Class,train_id)values(9889,24543,'ac',2356);
insert into seat(Seat_id,Seat_no,Class,train_id)values(9078,0743,'delux',14859);
insert into seat(Seat_id,Seat_no,Class,train_id)values(23434,7589,'semi_delux',1111);

//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE STATION//

insert into station(Station_ID, Name,Location)values(348,’pimprichinchwad’,’pune’);
insert into station(Station_ID, Name,Location)values(289,'rahuri','ahmadnagar');
insert into station(Station_ID, Name,Location)values(49,'vasai','mumbai');
insert into station(Station_ID, Name,Location)values(0329,'daund','pune');
insert into station(Station_ID, Name,Location)values(536,'gandhinagar','gujarat');

//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE ROUTE//

insert into route(route_id,distance,station_id)values(84,39329,348);
insert into route(route_id,distance,station_id)values(219,32532,289);
insert into route(route_id,distance,station_id)values(11,2309,49);
insert into route(route_id,distance,station_id)values(78,89900,329);
insert into route(route_id,distance,station_id)values(90,15412,536);

//INSERT DATA INTO TABLE SCHEDULE//

insert into schedule(scheduleid,arrivaltime,train_id)values(465,'23-oct-2004 11:34:12',123);
insert into schedule(scheduleid,arrivaltime,train_id)values(679,'12-jan-2023 2:12;20',1292);
insert into schedule(scheduleid,arrivaltime,train_id)values(1267,'1-mar-2011 5:23:11',2356);
insert into schedule(scheduleid,arrivaltime,train_id)values(789,'20-oct-2022 1:21:55',14859);
insert into schedule(scheduleid,arrivaltime,train_id)values(003,'7-mar-2024 7:45:23',1111);

//DISPLAY DATA OF USER_INFO//

Select * from user_info;

//DISPLAY DATA OF TRAIN//

Select * from train;

//DISPLAY DATA OF ROUTE//

Select * from route;

//DISPLAY DATA OF STATION//

Select * from station;

//DISPLAY DATA OF SCHEDULE//

Select * from schedule;

//DISPLAY DATA OF SEAT//

Select * from seat;
//JOINING TRAIN AND SCHEDULE TABLE WITH OUTER JOIN//
SELECT * FROM TRAIN LEFT OUTER JOIN SCHEDULE ON
TRAIN.SCHEDULEID=ROUTE.SCHEDULEID;

//JOINING TRAIN AND ROUTE TABLE WITH OUTER JOIN//

SELECT * FROM TRAIN LEFT OUTER JOIN ROUTE ON
TRAIN.ROUTE_ID=ROUTE.ROUTE_ID;
 OUTPUT

//DATA OF TRAIN//

//DATA OF USER_INFO//

//DATA OF ROUTE//

//DATA OF SCHEDULE//
 //DATA OF STATION//

//DATA OF SEAT//

//TRAIN AND SCHEDULE TABLE JOINED TOGHETHER//

//TRAIN AND ROUTE TABLE JOINED TOGETHER //

 CONCLUSION

Designing a database for a railway reservation system like IRCTC is essential for managing user
accounts, train schedules, booking and cancellation processes, seat allocation, and real-time
updates effectively. By following best practices in database design and leveraging modern
technologies, railway reservation systems can optimize operations, enhance user engagement,
and ensure data security.

The Railway Management System microproject successfully demonstrates the design and
implementation of a platform that streamlines key operations within railway services, such as
ticket booking, train schedules, and customer management. By automating these processes, the
system reduces the risk of human error, improves efficiency, and enhances user experience for
both passengers and administrators.

Throughout the project, we have implemented essential modules that cover reservation systems,
real-time schedule updates, and train management. The system offers flexibility and scalability
to accommodate future requirements and integration with modern technologies like mobile
applications and real-time GPS tracking.

In conclusion, this project is a foundational step toward digitizing railway services, offering
numerous benefits such as improved operational efficiency, increased customer satisfaction, and
the potential for future enhancements, such as integration with AI for predictive analytics,
dynamic pricing, or automated train dispatching.
 REFERENCES

Railway systems and their management involve complex databases to handle various aspects
like train schedules, ticket reservations, passenger information, and station details. Let’s
explore some resources related to railway management systems in the context of database
management:
GitHub Repositories:
Railway-Management: This GitHub topic contains several public repositories related to
railway management systems. Here are a few examples:
aaryanrr/Railway-Management: A Railway Management System using MySQL as the
backend database. It’s implemented in Python and allows booking tickets.
adityarverma/railway-management-system: A web-based railway management system built
as a course project in a DBMS subject. It uses SQL, HTML, CSS, and PHP.
Brainy-Fools/Railway-Database-Management-Project: A project that implements a Railway
Ticketing Management System using Oracle-19c as the backend database and Django for the
web application.
ashwinhprasad/Railway-Management-MERN: An implementation of a Railway
Management System using the MERN (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js) stack.
And more! You can explore these repositories for insights into how different developers
have approached railway management systems in the context of databases1.
Specific Project Example:
Railway-Management-Database-Using-SQL: This project focuses on managing information
related to trains, routes, passengers, tickets, and stations. The database schema includes
tables for Train, Route, Passenger, Ticket, and Station, each serving a specific purpose
within the railway system2.
ER Diagrams:
ER diagrams (Entity-Relationship diagrams) are commonly used to visualize the structure of
a database. In the context of railway management systems, ER diagrams capture essential
details needed for managing ticket records, availability, and other relevant information. For
instance, they include railway records, ticket sales, counts, and availabilities 3.
Purpose of Railway Reservation Databases:
The main purpose of maintaining a database for railway reservation systems is to reduce
manual errors involved in booking and canceling tickets. These databases make it convenient
for both customers and providers to manage data about passengers and available seats