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    Drugs And-Substances

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    salvadorarriannemae

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    Drugs And-Substances

    Uploaded by

    salvadorarriannemae
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    DRUGS_AND-SUBSTANCES

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    7 views10 pages

    Drugs And-Substances

    Uploaded by

    salvadorarriannemae

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    COMMONLY ABUSED SUBSTANCES

    Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances,


    including alcohol and illicit drugs. Commonly abused substances vary in their effects and
    dangers but share the potential for addiction, health risks, and negative social
    consequences. Here’s an overview of some of the most commonly abused substances:

    1. Alcohol

    Alcohol is a distilled or fermented drink that can make you drunk. Beer, wine and vodka are all
    kinds of alcohol. Scientifically, alcohol is a liquid made up of distilled hydrocarbons that's
    also known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol — the same stuff found in solvents and car fuel.

    2. Nicotine (Tobacco)

    Alcohol is a fermented or distilled beverage that has the ability to consume. There are three
    types of alcohol: wine, vodka, and beer. According to science, alcohol is a liquid composed of
    distilled hydrocarbons, sometimes referred to as ethanol or ethyl alcohol; this is the same
    substance found in motor fuel and lubricants.

    3. Cannabis (Marijuana)
    The dried leaves and flowering tops of the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant.
    Cannabis contains active chemicals called cannabinoids that cause drug-like effects all
    through the body, including the central nervous system and the immune system.

    4. Opioids (Prescription Painkillers, Heroin)

    A class of drug used to reduce moderate to severe pain. Opioids can be made from the opium
    poppy plant or in the laboratory. They block pain signals by binding to opioid receptors on
    nerve cells in the brain, spinal cord, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs in the body.

    5. Cocaine
    Cocaine is an addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylon
    coca) which is native to South America. Cocaine can be snorted through the nose, rubbed
    into gums, injected into the bloodstream, or smoked.

    6. Methamphetamine (Meth)

    Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous
    system. It takes the form of a white, odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline powder that easily
    dissolves in water or alcohol

    7. Benzodiazepines (Prescription Sedatives)

    What are Benzodiazepines? Benzodiazepines are depressants that produce sedation and
    hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures.

    8. Hallucinogens (LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA)


    Hallucinogens, or psychedelics, are a group of drugs that alter a person's perception of
    reality. They also change a person's thoughts and feelings.

    9. Inhalants

    Inhalants are invisible, volatile substances found in common household products that
    produce chemical vapors that are inhaled to induce psychoactive or mind-altering effects.

    10. spice, Bath SalSynthetic Drugs (K2, Spts)


    Synthetic drugs like K2, Spice, bath salts, are extremely dangerous, with unpredictable effects
    and high risks of addiction, mental health issues, and physical harm. Their unregulated nature
    means that users may not know what chemicals they are ingesting, increasing the risk of
    severe reactions or death.

    11. Ecstasy (MDMA)

    Ecstasy is a stimulant drug that can cause hallucinations. It is known as a designer drug
    because it was created for the purpose of making someone feel high.

    12. Ketamine
    Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of
    anesthesia. It is also used as a treatment for depression and in pain management.
    CATEGORIES OF DRUGS

    Drugs are classified into different categories based on their effects, uses, mechanisms of
    action, and potential for abuse. Understanding these categories helps healthcare providers
    prescribe medications safely and manage conditions effectively. Here are the main
    categories of drugs and their purposes:

    1. Stimulants

    Drugs that increase activity in the brain and central nervous system, resulting in heightened
    alertness, energy, and focus.

    Examples: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Nicotine, Caffeine.


    Effects: Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, faster breathing, heightened
    alertness, and reduced fatigue.
    Risks: Addiction, anxiety, paranoia, cardiovascular problems.

    2. Depressants
    Drugs that slow down brain function and the central nervous system, leading to relaxation
    and drowsiness.

    Examples: Alcohol, Benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax), Barbiturates.


    Effects: Slowed breathing, reduced anxiety, muscle relaxation, drowsiness.
    Risks: Addiction, impaired motor function, respiratory depression, overdose risk,
    especially when mixed with other substances.

    3. Opioids

    Drugs that are derived from the opium poppy or synthetically produced to mimic pain-
    relieving effects.

    Examples: Heroin, Morphine, Fentanyl, Oxycodone.


    Effects: Euphoria, pain relief, drowsiness, slowed breathing.
    Risks: High potential for addiction, respiratory depression, overdose, severe withdrawal
    symptoms.

    4. Hallucinogens

    Drugs that alter perception, mood, and various cognitive processes, often causing
    hallucinations or altered sense of reality.
    Examples: LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms), MDMA
    (Ecstasy), Peyote.
    Effects: Altered perception of time and reality, hallucinations, mood changes, heightened
    sensory experiences.
    Risks: Panic attacks, paranoia, long-term psychological effects, "bad trips."

    5. Cannabinoids

    Drugs derived from the cannabis plant, primarily affecting mood, perception, and
    consciousness.

    Examples: Marijuana, Hashish, Synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., Spice, K2).


    Effects: Relaxation, euphoria, increased appetite, altered perception of time.
    Risks: Dependency, memory impairment, cognitive decline, mental health issues like
    anxiety and depression.

    6. Inhalants

    Substances that produce chemical vapors inhaled for psychoactive effects.

    Examples: Glue, Paint thinners, Nitrous oxide, Aerosol sprays.


    Effects: Euphoria, dizziness, hallucinations, loss of coordination.
    Risks: Sudden death, organ damage, asphyxiation, brain damage.
    7. Anabolic Steroids

    Anabolic steroids are synthetic (man-made) versions of testosterone.


    Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men. It is needed to develop and
    maintain male sex characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle
    growth.

    Examples: Testosterone, Nandrolone, Stanozolol.


    Effects: Increased muscle mass, enhanced physical performance, aggression, mood
    swings.
    Risks: Liver damage, cardiovascular problems, hormonal imbalances, aggressive behavior.

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