SEQUENCE & SERIES Page # 15

EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 n (4 × 12 × 36 × 108 × .... upto n terms)

1 1 1 1
= n {(4) × (4.3) × (4.32) × (4 × 33) × .... × (4 × 3n–1)} R= + + 2 + ... +
= n (4n × 31+2+3+....+(n–1)) a ar ar ar n1
n(n1)
n(n  1) 1
= n 4n + n(3 ) 2 = 2nn2 + R = (1 + r + r2 + .... + rn–1)
ar n1
n3
2

1
R = 2 n1 (a + ar + ar2 + .... + arn–1)
A7 5 a r
Sol.2 1, A1, A2, ..., An, 31 & An1 = 9
1 R 1
31  1 30 R = 2 n1 S  = 2 n1
d= = a r S a r
n 1 n 1
n n
R  1 R  1
30    = 2n (n1)n    = 2
A7 1  7d 1 7 S a r S  n(n1) 
n1 5  n 2 
A n1 = 1  (n  1)d = (n  1)30 = 9 a r 
1  
n1  

n  211 5 n n
 =  9n + 1899 = 155 n – 145 R  1 R 
31n  29 9    = 2 P2   = 1
S P S
 146 n = 2044  n = 14

Sol.5 Let last three terms a – 6, a, a + 6

180 & first and last terms equal
Sol.3  n sin nº = 901 [2 sin2º + 4 sin4º + 6 sin 6º four number are (a + 6), (a – 6), a , (a + 6)
n 2,4,6
first three terms in G.P. (a – 6)2 = a (a + 6)
+ ... + 178 sin 178º + 0] a2 – 12a + 36 = a2 + 6a  18a = 36  a = 2
Set of no. are {8, –4, 2, 8}
1
= [180 sin2º + 180 sin 4º + ... + 180º sin 88º
90
Sol.6 Sn = 7 + 77 + 777 + ..... + n terms
+ 90 sin 90º]
= 2 [sin2º + sin4º + sin6º + ... + sin 88º] + 1 7
Sn = [9 + 99 + 999 + .... + n terms]
9
 2º 
2sin  44.  7
 2  2º 88º  Sn = [(10–1)+(102–1)+(103–1) +.... +(10n–1)]
=2 sin  +1 9
 2º   2 
sin  
2 7
= [10 + 102 + 103 + .... + 10n – n]
9
2 sin 44 º sin 45 º cos 1º  cos 89º
= +1= +1 n
sin1º sin 1º  
7  10(10  1)  n 7
= = [10n+1 – 9n – 10]
= cot 1º – 1 + 1 = cot 1º 9  9  81

a(1  r n ) Sol.7 2, a, b, c, 18
Sol.4 S =a + ar + ar2 + .... + arn–1  S =
1 r a + b + c = 25 ......(i)
2a = 2 + b ......(ii)
n(n1) c2 = 18b ......(iii)
P = an r(1 + 2+ ... + (n – 1))  P = an r 2
From (i) & (ii)

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 Page # 16 SEQUENCE & SERIES

c = 27 – 3a c2 = 32 (9 – a)2
From (ii) & (iii) n 1  2n 
c2 = 36 (a – 1) Sol.11 Tn = =  2 
1  n2  n4 2  (n  n  1)(n2  n  1) 
9 (9 – a)2 = 36 (a – 1)
 a2 – 18a + 81 = 4a – 4  a2 – 22a + 85 = 0
1  1 1 
 a = 17, or a = 5 Tn =  2 
2 
2  n  n  1 n  n  1
a = 17 reject { 2, a, b in A.P.}
b = a + (5 – 2)  b=8
1 1
b, c, 18 in G.P. c2 = 8.18 = 16  9  c=12 Sn =  Tn =
2
– 2
2(n  n  1)

Sol.8 A, a, B in A.P.  2a = A + B n(n  1) 1

A, p, q, B in G.P.  p2 = Aq & q2 = Bp  Sn =
2(n 2  n  1)
& S =
2
p2 q2
2a = +  p3 + q3 = 2apq
q p Sol.12 a, (a + d), ..., a + (n – 1) d in A.P.

1 1 1
Sol.9 T1 = a, T2 = b, T3 = a2 2b = a + a2 , , ....,
a (n  1)d
in H.P..
a ad 
& a, a2, b in G.P. a4 = ab
a(a3 – b) = 0 a  0  a3 = b 1
(i) 2b = a + a 2 2a = a + a2
3 Given a = a2 = 1
2
a
 2a – a – 1 = 0
 (a – 1) (2a + 1) = 0 1
 a=1  b=1 {not possible} & a + (n – 1) d =
a  (n  1)d
1 1 First a=±1 & Last a + (n – 1) d = ±
or a = &b=–
2 8 1
(ii) a, a2, b in G.P. If first term is –1 then last term is + 1
rth term of A.P. from the begining = –1 + (r – 1) d
1
2 1 2 1 1
 a, a 2, a3 S = 1 = 2 ×3 =–3 rth term of H.P. from the end =
1 1  (r  1)( d)
2

(iii) a, a3, a2 A.P. 1

multiply = [–1 + (r – 1)d] × = –1
[1  (r  1)( d)]
1 1 1 3
– ,– , d =
2 8 4 8 which is independent from r

40 3 117
S40 = [(–1) + 39 × ] = 20 [–1 + ] 2 3
2 8 8  1  1  1
Sol.13 S = 1 + 2  1   +3  1   +4  1   + ...
 n  n  n
109 545
= 20 × =
8 2
1 n 1
Let r = 1 + =
n n
1 1
Sol.10 a + 9d = & a  20d  Sn = 1 + 2r + 3r2 + 4r3 + .... + nrn–1
21 10
r.Sn = r + 2r2 + 3r3 + .... + (n – 1) rn–1 + nrn
1 1 – – – – – –
 d= &a=
210 210 —————————————————————
Sn(1 – r) = (1 + r + r2 + r3 + .... + rn–1) – nrn
1 1
= 209 = 1
a  (209)d 1 rn  1
 Sn(1 – r) = – nrn
210 210 r 1

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 SEQUENCE & SERIES Page # 17

 a2 – 150 a + 3600 = 0  (a–120) (a – 30)=0

 n  1  (n  1)n  nn n n(n  1)n no. are 120, 30
 Sn  1  = × –
 n  nn (n  1  n) nn

  1 (n  1)n (n  1)n Sol.16 (i) S =

1 1
+ . .
1
+ . . + ....
 Sn   = – n – 1.4.7
nn1 nn1
 n  4 7 10 7 10 13

Sn = (–n) × (–n) = n2 1 [(3n  4 )  (3n  2)]

Tn = ×
(3n  2)(3n  1)(3n  4) 6
Sol.14 (i) S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + .... + Tn
S = 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + .... + Tn–1 + Tn 1 1
1  
– – – – – – – – Tn =   
6  ( 3n  2 )( 3n  1) ( 3n  1)( 3n  4 ) 
——————————————————
0 = 1 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + .... + (nth term) – Tn
1 1 1
 Tn = 1 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + ... + (nth term) Tn = Sn = – , S =
24 6(3n  1)(3n  4) 24
4(2n1  1)
Tn = 1 + = 1 + 4 (2n–1 – 1) n
2 1
Tn = – 3 + 2.2n (ii) Tn =  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)
1
Sn = Tn = – 31 + 22n
=
(2n  1)2
= –3n + 2 = –3n + 2n+2 – 4  (r  4)  (r  1) 
2 1  r(r  1)(r  2)(r  3) 5 

(ii) S = 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + .... + Tn
S = 6 + 13 + 22 + .... + Tn–1 + Tn
1
– – – – – – – Tn = [r(r + 1)(r + 2)(r +3)(r + 4)
———————————————— 5
0 = 6 + 7 + 9 + 11 + .... + nth – Tn – (r – 1) r (r + 1) (r + 2) (r + 3))
Tn = 6 + (7 + 9 + 11 + ... + (n – 1)th)
1
Tn = Sn = (n(n + 1)(n + 2) (n + 3)(n + 4)]
(n  1) 5
=6+ [14 + (n – 2)2]
2 S = not defined
= 6 + (n – 1) (n + 5)
n
Tn = n2 + 4n + 1
Sn = Tn = n2 + 4n + 1 (iii)  Tn =  4r 21 1 =  (2r  1)(2r
1
 1)
r 1
n(n  1)(2n  1) 4n(n  1)
= + +n
6 2 1
n
 (2r  1)  (2r  1) 
=
2
  (2r  1)(2r  1) 
n(n  1) r 1  
= [2n + 13] + n
6
n
1  1 1 
=
2
  2r  1  2r  1 
 
ab 2ab r 1
Sol.15 A = , G2 = ab, H =
2 ab
1 1 n 1
G = A-15 & H = A-27 Sn = –  Sn = & S =
G2 = AH 2 2(2n  1) 2n  1 2
(A – 15)2 = A(A – 27)
A2 – 30 A + 225 = A2 – 27A 2  1 1.3 1.3.5 
(iv) S =    ....
A = 75 G = 60 2  4 4.6 4.6.8 
a + b = 150, ab = 3600
 1.3.5.....(2n  1)
3600 Tn = 2  ×[(2n + 2) – (2n + 1)]
a+ = 150  2.4.6.8....(2n  2)
a

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 Page # 18 SEQUENCE & SERIES

 1.3.5....( 2n  1) 1.3.5...(2n  1)  (r 2  r  1)[r 2  r  1  2r ] (r 2  r  1)2

Tn = 2  
 2.4.6.8...2n 2.4.6.8....(2n  2)  = =
r 2 (r  1)2 r 2 (r  1)2

 1 1.3.5.( 2n  1)  2
Tn = Sn =2    S= S =1 r2  r  1 (r  1)2  r
 2 2 . 4 6 8( 2n  2 )  2 Tr = =
r (r  1) r (r  1)

r 1 1 1 1
Tr = – Tr = 1 + –
1 2 22 32 n2 r r 1 r r 1
Sol.17 S = + 2 + 3 + .... + n + .... 
6 6 6 6
1999

1 2 2 2
(n  1) n 2 2
 Tr = 1999 + 1 – 21 + 21 – 13 + ... + 1999
1
–
1
2000
S r 1
= 2 + 3 + .... + n + n1 ....
6 6 6 6 6
1 1
– – – – – – = 2000 – =n– = n = 2000
2000 n
__________________________________
Sol.19 L.H.S.=(a 12–a 22)+(a 32–a 42)+ ...+(a 22k–1–a 22k )
5S 1 ( 22  12 ) (32  22 ) n2  (n  1)2
= + + + ... + +.... = (a1 – a2) (a1 + a2) + (a3 – a4) (a3 + a4) + ...
6 6 62 63 6n + (a2k–1 – a2k) (a2k–1 + a2k)
= – d[a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + ... + a2k–1 + a2k]
5 1 3 5 7
S= + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... 2k
6 6 6 6 6 =–d× [a1 + a2k]
2
1 1  3  5  7  ... (a1  a2k )k
S =  
5  6 6 2 63  =
(2k  1)
(a1 + a2k)

S 1  1  3  5  ... a2k  a
 =    {a2k = a1 + (2k – 1) d & d = }
6 5  6 62 63  ( 2k  1)

– – – – – k
_______________________ = (a 2 – a22k) = R.H.S.
( 2k  1) 1
5S 1 1  2  2  2  ...
 =  
6 5  6 6 2 63  a/r
Sol.20 2x3 – 19x2 + 57x – 54 = 0 a
ar
  1 
  
6 1  2 6  a 54
. a. ar =
S =  1  1  r 2
25   
  6  a3 = 27 a = 3
3 19
6 1  2  6 7 42 + 3 + 3.r =
 S= r 2
  = × =
25  5  25 5 125  6 + 6r + 6r2 = 19r  6r2 – 13r + 6 = 0
 (2r – 3) (3r – 2) = 0  (2r – 3) (3r – 2) = 0
3 2
1 1 r= , or r =
Sol.18 Tr = 1  2 3
r2 (r  1)2
for sum of infinite | r | < 1  r = 2/3
(a / r ) 3 /( 2 / 3 ) 9 27
(r 4  r 2  1)  2r (r 2  r  1) S = = = ×3=
= 1 r 2 2 2
r 2 (r  1)2 1
3

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 SEQUENCE & SERIES Page # 19


(a  c )
Sol.21 10x3 – cx2 – 54x – 27 = 0  common diff. = d =
 ac(n  1)

c 54 27 1 1 1 ac ac(n  1)
 = ,  = – ,  =
10 10 10 H1 = a + d = a + ac(n  1)  H1 = cn  a

2 1 1 1 n(a  c ) ac(n  1)

&=  +  +  = 3 & = +nd = + H =
 Hn a a ac(n  1) n (an  c )

54 9 27 5 3  1 1 
 – = 3  = – , = ×  =
10 5 10  9 2 H1 – Hn = ac (n + 1)   
 nc  a na  c 
2 (9) 2
( + ) =  +  = 2 × ac(n  1)(n  1)(a  c ) ac(a  c )(n2  1)
 5 (3) = = =ac (a – c)
(nc  a)(na  c ) (nc  a)(na  c )
9 12
– =  52 – 9 = 12
5 5 Sol.24 (i) x + y + z = 15 a, x, y, z, b in A.P.

3 ab
 ( – 3) (5 + 3) = 0  = 3,  = – x+y+z=3   = 15, Ai = nA
5  2 

3 3 a + b = 10
if  = 3  = – =–
5 2 1 1
1 5 1 1 1 1 1
10.33 – c.32 – 54.3 – 27 = 0  c = 9 + + = & , , , , in A.P.
x y z 3 a x y z b

Sol.22 a, b, c, d, e  1 1
  
3(a  b ) 5 a b
 = , Ai = 3  
2ce 2ab 3  2 
2b = a + c & c2 = bd & d=  
ce
 9 (a + b) = 10ab
c2 2ce c.2 2e ab = 9  a = 1, b = 9 or b = 1, a = 9
(i)  =  =
b ce (a  c) (c  e)
15
 c2 = ae  a, c, e in G.P. (ii) xyz = If a, x, y, z, b in A.P..
2

c2 (2b  a )2 18
(ii) c=2b – a & ae = c2  e =  & xyz = if a, x, y, z, b in H.P..
a a 5

(iii) c = ae , c = 2.18  c = 6 ba ba

a, x, y, z, b in A.P. d= d=
n 1 4
ac 26
b=  b= b=4
2 2  b  a  2(b  a )   3(b  a ) 
x.y.z =  a   a   a  
 4   4   4 
2.6.18 18
d= d= d=9
6  18 2 (3a  b)(2a  2b)(a  3b)
x.y.z =
64
Sol.23 n2 (1 – ac) – n(a2 + c2) – (1 + ac) = 0
 (n2 – 1) = (na + c) (nc + a) (3a  b)(2a  2b)(a  3b) 15
= ... (i)
a, H1, H2, .... , Hn, c in H.P. 64 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (a  b)
, H , H , .... , H , in A.P. & , , , , in A.P., d =
a 1 2 n c a x y z b 4ab

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
 Page # 20 SEQUENCE & SERIES

& roots of other equation will be also in A.P.

1 1 1  1  (a  b)   1 2(a  b )   1 3(a  b ) 
3a =12  a = 4
=      
x y z a 4ab  a 4ab  a 4ab 
a (a2 – d2) = 28  16 – d2 = 7  d = ± 3
roots are 4 – 3, 4 , 4 + 3  1, 4, 7
1 (3a  b)(2a  2b)(a  3b) 5
= = or 4 + 3, 4, 4 – 3  7, 4, 1
x.y.z 3 3
64a b 18
Sol.27 a, b, c in G.P.  b2 = ac
15 5
 a3b3 = 27 common diff. d = logbc – logc a = logab – logbc
 3 3 =  ab = 3
2a b 18
a & b are positive integer. b2 1
 logbc – logc = – logbc
 a = 1 & b = 3 or a = 3 & b = 1 c b2
logb
c
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
Sol.25 S= + 2 + 3 + 4 +... 
2 2 2 2 1
logbc – 2logcb + 1 = – logbc
2  logb c
S 1.3 3 .5 5 .7
= 2 + 3 + + ...  Let t = logbc
2 2 2 24
2
– – – – 2 1 t 2  t  2 t  2t  1
———————————————— d=t – +1= – t  =
t 2t t (2  t )
S 1.3 3 5 7 9 
 = + 4  2  3  4  5 ..... ( t  2)( t  1) ( t  1)2
2 2 2 2 2 2   = { t – 1  0}
t (2  t )
3 5 7 9   4 – t2 = t2 – t  2t2 – 4 = t  2(t2 – 2) = t
S = 3 + 8  2  3  4  5  ...
2 2 2 2 
 2  2 1
 2 t   = 1  t   =
S 3 3 5 7   t  t 2
= + 8  3  4  5  ...
2 2 2 2 2 
 2 1 3
– –  d = t   + 1 = +1=
 t  2 2
—————————————————

S 3 3  1 1 1  Sol.28 G1  a + ar + ar2 + ....  = 1

 = + 8  2   2  3  4  .... 
2 2 2 2 2 2  G2  A + AR + AR2 + ...  = 1
a A a R
1= = & ar = AR  =
 1  1 r 1 R A r
3 2 
S 3  2  2 
 = + 8 2 1 a 1 r R
2 2 1   = =  r – r2 = R – R2
 2  A 1 R r
 r – R = r2 – R2  1 = r + R  R = 1 – r
3 1 a
 S = 3 + 16    = 23 1= a=1–r
4 2 1 r
ar = AR  A = r
G1 : (1 – r) + (1 – r) r + (1 – r) r2 + ....
a–d
a G2 : r + r(1 – r) + r(1 – r)2 + ....
Sol.26 x3 + px2 +qx – r = 0 0
a+d 1
(a + d) + a + (a – d) = –p  3a = –p given (1 – r) r2 =
8

p  p3 p3 pq 1
a= satisfy given equation + – – r=0  8r3 – 8r2 + 1 = 0 satisfy r =
3 27 9 3 2
2p3 – 9pq – 27r = 0 (2r – 1) (4r 2 – 2r – 1) = 0

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com
SEQUENCE & SERIES Page # 21

Sol.30 G.P. is a, ar, ar2, ......... arn – 1

1
r  Two distinct G.P. a1  a 2  ......  a11
2 1
given a  a ..... a =
n n 1   n10 8
2  20 1 5
4r2 – 2r – 1 = 0  r = =
8 4
a(r11  1)
(r  1) 1
1 5  =  r n – 111 = 8
If r = then second term n1  1  8
4 ar  11  1 
r 
1 
 1 5   3  5   r  1
    2 5 2 5 1  
r(1 – r) =  4   4  = =
    16 8
a10  a11  ....  an
1 5 & a1  a 2  ....  an9 = 2
If r = then second term
4
ar 9 (r n9  1) (r  1)
  2
 1 5   3  5 
    2 5  2  5 1
(r  1) a(r n9  1)
r(1 – r) =  4   4  = =
   16 8  r9 = 2  r = 21/9  (21/9)n – 11 = 8
n11
n  11
m n  (2) 9  (2)3  = 3  n = 38
which in form  m = 5, n = 1, p = 8 9
p

100m + 10n + p = 500 + 10 + 8 = 518 Sol.31 Let the no. be

100x + 10y + z  y2 = xz
given 100x + 10y + z – 792 = 100z + 10y + x
5
10x3 
 x 2  100(x – z) – (x – z) = 792
Sol.29 2000x6 + 100x
 =0
G.P.
792
(x – z) =  x–z=8
99
x[(10x 2 )3  1]
 2000 x6 + –2=0 Also given
10 x 2  1 x – 4, y, z in A.P.
2y = x + z – 4
x [1000x 6  1]  4y2 = (x + z – 4)2
 2(1000x6 – 1) + =0  4xz = (x + z)2 – 8(x + z) + 16
10x 2  1
 (x + z)2 – (x – z)2 = (x + z)2 – 8(x + z) + 16
 –64 = 8(x + z) + 16
 x 
 (1000x6 – 1)   2 = 0
2
 10 x  1  80
 (x + z) =  x + z = 10
8
x x–z=8  x = 9 & z = 1
 103x6 = 1 or 2 =–2 x + z = 10


10x  1
y2 = xz  y2 = 9  y=3
no. is 931
1
x2 = (reject) or 20x2 + x – 2 = 0
10

 1 161  1 161
x= or
40 40

 m = – 1, n = 161, r = 40
m + n + r = 200

394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
IVRS No. 0744-2439051, 0744-2439052, 0744-2439053, www.motioniitjee.com, email-info@motioniitjee.com