Polar Coordinates (x y)

R23
,

( /6= 0 = B
&

* Recall : ry
R =
R=
x = ros
yusing , ,

flyl at =S
10
x+ >
tan" (3)
-

r2 0
y
= :

f(ucos usinErdrdt
x
,
=>

we'll usually take 20 and 02 or

-
T E = π DON'T forget the r.
· certain regions are nicer in polar
coordinates # Evaluate S (3x 4)dA + where R is region in
upper

" E(r b) (0xr = 1, 0 = 0 = 3 half bounded

by circles
xity" and
x+y 4
- place 1
I
= =
=
,
,

This is a "polar rectangle" R =

E ,
y) y =0 , 12x2 + y 43
03 J (3x 4y& J: J? cost Urin)
in Cartesian = =
E(x ,
y() -
/exe)
,
R
+ =
+ rarde

Polar
Rectange
-

J. scosyusine and

R =
E(r .
) a = rb ,
C10 = BE · Su cost resine de
undivide interval [a b) , into subintervals of equal width
- +Issine do =
Seeing +(l-Costel do
and divide [2 BJ , into subinterval of equal width
. = info -

sinzel :
get small
m polar rectangles Rij

e
y = 5

At let & be the shaded region -

L

compute
/(2 + 34

-
Another example :
infoosradrecorde
~
P
-= E(r 0)(1r= 2
, ,
0 = 03
C 1 I
2
= sinodofer 3 ar
· (cost +

! (10 + ! ·

· Also , Jone functions are nicer in polar :

x2+
= .
(1 1) + + 12 :

(E) +

y2
=
= r

2- r2
-x
y =
-

c c

Polar Area Element # Evaluate S (ty) dydx g Nx=

-
<- E(x y)( x*

=
&S
A R =
,
-
1 =x = 1 ,
0xy = N I I

r00
-

VI

B
10)0 E 0)10 =
R = 0 =+ 1 0
) ,

00 =
02 -
01 ! S. dydx =
S: Secretarde
Sl ! S. do =
Du =
2 -
r
,
AA = [00-E ·

E(rz + ri)(rz -
ri ) G

r
= =
*
f

DA =
UDrAf
so, the
polar area elemental dA = rdudO