Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Dare Ass Pro

    Uploaded by

    alemfikadu272

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dare Ass Pro

    Uploaded by

    alemfikadu272
    1 views8 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    1 views8 pages

    Dare Ass Pro

    Uploaded by

    alemfikadu272

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Madda Walabu University

    Collage of Business & Economics


    Department of Management

    Name .Dereje Abera

    Section 1

    Id .no.uge/19069/12

    project management individual


    ass.
    1. DISCUSS THE OVERVIEW OF PROJECT PLANNING IN ETHIOPIA (5
    POINTS)
    1. Project Planning in Ethiopia involves the systematic process of defining,
    organizing, and outlining the steps necessary to achieve a specific project's
    objectives within the context of Ethiopia's economic, social, and environmental
    conditions. It includes identifying project goals, defining scope, creating a project
    plan, allocating resources, and establishing timelines.

    Project planning in Ethiopia involves the development of a detailed plan for


    executing a specific project, including the definition of goals, objectives, scope,
    schedule, resources, budget, risks, and stakeholders. The process of project
    planning is critical for ensuring that resources are effectively allocated, project
    objectives are met, and sustainable development is achieved.

    The Ethiopian government has identified project planning as a critical tool for
    achieving the country's development objectives, which include poverty reduction,
    food security, and sustainable economic growth. The government has established
    institutions such as the National Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance
    to oversee the planning process for development projects.

    In Ethiopia, project planning typically involves four stages: initiation, planning,


    execution, and monitoring and evaluation. During the initiation stage,
    stakeholders identify a need for a new project and undertake preliminary
    feasibility studies. The planning stage involves the development of a detailed plan
    that includes the definition of project objectives and scope, the identification of
    project stakeholders, the development of a risk management plan, and the
    allocation of resources and budgets. In the execution stage, the project plan is
    implemented, and progress is tracked against the project schedule and budget.
    The monitoring and evaluation stage involves the assessment of project outcomes
    and the identification of opportunities for improvement.
    Overall, project planning in Ethiopia is a critical process that enables the effective
    implementation of projects and contributes to the country's sustainable
    development goals. It involves a systematic approach to resource allocation, risk
    management, and stakeholder engagement, and is an essential tool for achieving
    desired project outcomes.

    2. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) takes into account the social costs and
    benefits of a project, including externalities and distributional impacts, while Cost
    Benefit Analysis (CBA) focuses on the financial costs and benefits. SCBA is used for
    project appraisal as it provides a more comprehensive assessment by considering
    the broader social impacts of a project.

    3. The major profit stages according to UNIDO include the inception stage,
    expansion stage, maturity stage, and decline stage. These stages represent the
    different phases of a project's lifecycle and the corresponding changes in
    profitability.

    4. The Needs, Problems, and Trends (NPT) model developed by A.K. Noah (2004)
    is used to identify projects by first identifying the needs or demands of a target
    group, then analyzing the problems or challenges faced by the group, and finally
    identifying the trends or patterns that could impact the group's future needs and
    problems. This model helps in identifying project opportunities that address
    specific needs and trends within a given context.

    2. DIFFERENTIATE SOCIAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (SCBA) AND COST BENEFIT


    ANALYSIS (CBA).which analysis is used for project appraisal? (3 points)

    Differentiate Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) and Cost Benefit Analysis
    (CBA).

    Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) are both
    methods used to evaluate the economic feasibility of a project or policy.
    However, they differ in their scope and focus.
    Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a method that compares the costs of a project or
    policy with its benefits, usually expressed in monetary terms. CBA focuses on the
    financial aspects of a project, such as the initial investment, ongoing operational
    costs, and expected revenues or savings. The goal of CBA is to determine whether
    the benefits outweigh the costs, and by how much.

    Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA), on the other hand, takes into account not only
    the direct costs and benefits of a project or policy but also its indirect or external
    impacts on society. These impacts may include environmental effects, social
    welfare changes, and distributional consequences. SCBA attempts to capture
    these externalities by assigning them a monetary value, which is then added to or
    subtracted from the total costs and benefits of the project.

    Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) are both tools
    used for economic evaluation of projects. However, there are some differences
    between them.

    Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) mainly focuses on identifying and measuring the
    financial costs and benefits of a project. It aims to compare the total costs of a
    project with its expected benefits to determine whether the project is financially
    viable. CBA focuses on the efficiency of the project in using available resources,
    and it considers only the private costs and benefits of the project and does not
    take into account externalities.

    On the other hand, Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) considers both private and
    externalities costs and benefits. It incorporates the social and environmental costs
    and benefits of the project and helps in assessing the overall impact of the project
    on society. SCBA aims to determine the extent to which a project contributes to
    the social welfare of a community or society.

    For project appraisal, both CBA and SCBA are used depending on the project's
    scope and impact on society. However, SCBA is more inclusive and is used for
    projects with significant social and environmental impacts.
    1. Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is primarily used for project appraisal. It focuses on
    comparing the costs and benefits of a project, usually expressed in monetary
    terms, to determine whether the benefits outweigh the costs.

    2. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) is also used for project appraisal but with a
    broader scope. It considers not only the direct costs and benefits but also the
    indirect or external impacts on society, such as environmental effects, social
    welfare changes, and distributional consequences.

    3. Both CBA and SCBA can be used for project appraisal, with SCBA providing a
    more comprehensive evaluation by considering broader social impacts. The
    choice between the two methods depends on the specific requirements and
    objectives of the project or policy being assessed.

    3. BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE MAJOR PROFIT STAGES ACCORDING TO UNIDO (3


    POINTS)

    The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has identified


    four major profit stages in the industrial production process. These stages are:

    1. Extraction: This stage involves the extraction of raw materials from their
    natural sources. For example, oil is extracted from the ground, timber is
    harvested from the forest, and minerals are mined from the earth.

    2. Processing: Raw materials obtained in the extraction stage are further


    processed to create intermediate products like steel, flour, and fertilizer. This
    process involves the use of technology and equipment to transform the raw
    materials into a form that is easier to transport, store, and use.

    3. Manufacturing: Intermediate products are further processed to create final


    products that are ready for the market. This stage involves combining different
    components to form a finished product, which can be sold to customers.
    4. Sales: Sales is the final stage where the finished products are sold to customers.
    This stage involves marketing, advertising, and distribution of the products to
    target markets.

    The UNIDO profit stages framework provides a useful analytical tool for
    understanding the industrial production process from raw materials to finished
    products. By examining each of these stages, it is possible to identify areas of
    inefficiency or opportunities for improvement in the production process.

    - Identification: This stage involves identifying potential projects or policies that


    could generate economic benefits. It includes conducting feasibility studies,
    assessing market demand, and evaluating the potential risks and opportunities
    associated with each option.

    - Preparation: In this stage, the project or policy is further developed, including


    detailed planning, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. It involves
    defining project objectives, developing a project plan, and securing necessary
    funding and support.

    - Implementation: This stage focuses on executing the project or policy according


    to the established plan. It includes procuring resources, coordinating activities,
    managing risks, and monitoring progress to ensure that the project stays on track
    and achieves its intended outcomes.

    - Monitoring and Evaluation: Once the project or policy is implemented, it is


    important to continuously monitor its performance and evaluate its impact. This
    stage involves collecting data, analyzing results, comparing actual outcomes with
    expected results, and making necessary adjustments to improve efficiency and
    effectiveness.

    -Termination: At the end of the project or policy cycle, there is a need to formally
    close it down. This stage includes conducting a final evaluation to assess the
    overall success of the project or policy, documenting lessons learned for future
    reference, and transitioning any remaining activities or responsibilities to relevant
    stakeholders.
    These profit stages are commonly used by organizations like UNIDO (United
    Nations Industrial Development Organization) to guide the development and
    implementation of projects in various sectors.

    4. HOW TO IDENTIFY PROJECTS USING THE NEEDS, PROBLEMS AND TREND OR


    PATTERN (NPT) MODEL

    1. Identify the Needs: The first step in using the NPT model is to identify the
    needs of your target audience or market. You need to understand what people
    are looking for and what they require in order to solve their problems or improve
    their lives.

    2. Identify the Problems: Once you have identified the needs of your audience or
    market, you need to identify their problems. What are the issues they are facing
    that prevent them from achieving their goals or addressing their needs? These
    could be practical challenges such as limited resources, lack of knowledge or
    expertise, or environmental or social factors.

    3. Identify the Trends or Patterns: The final step in using the NPT model is to
    identify the trends or patterns that are affecting your target audience or market.
    This involves understanding the larger societal, economic, and technological
    changes that are shaping the way people live, work, and interact.

    Using these three elements of the NPT model, you can identify the projects that
    will be most relevant and impactful for your audience or market. For example, if
    you identify a need for better healthcare services, a problem with long wait times
    and high costs, and a trend towards more intelligent systems and digital health,
    you might develop a project that uses artificial intelligence to improve diagnosis
    and treatment while reducing costs and wait times.. The Needs, Problems, and
    Trend (NPT) model is a framework used to identify potential projects by analyzing
    the needs, problems, and trends in a given context. Here's how it works:

    Needs: Identify the needs or requirements of the target population or


    stakeholders. This involves understanding their current situation, identifying gaps
    or challenges, and determining what is lacking or needed to improve their well-
    being or address specific issues.
    Problems: Identify the problems or challenges that exist within the target
    population or stakeholders. This involves analyzing the existing conditions,
    identifying obstacles or barriers, and understanding the negative impacts or
    consequences of these problems.

    Trends: Analyze the trends or patterns in the target population or stakeholders'


    context. This involves studying historical data, observing current developments,
    and identifying any emerging patterns or changes in behavior, preferences, or
    demands.

    By combining these three elements - needs, problems, and trends - project


    planners can identify potential projects that have the potential to address existing
    needs, solve problems, and align with emerging trends. The NPT model helps in
    systematically analyzing the context agenerating project ideas that are relevant
    and responsive to the identified needs and problems.

    You might also like