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 CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 – Real Numbers

Objective Questions

Introduction to Real Numbers

1. What is the least number that must be added to 1056 so the number is divisible by 23?

(A) 0
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) 1

Answer: (C) 2

Solution: We have,
23) 1056 (45
1035
−−−−
21
−−−−
On dividing 1056 by 23, we got 21 as remainder.
⇒ If we add 23 - 21 = 2 to the dividend 1056, we will get a number completely divisible
by 23.
∴ Required number = (23 - 21) = 2

2. The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, we
get 6 as quotient and the 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number?

(A) 360

(B) 295

(C) 270

(D) 240

Answer: (c) 270

Solution: Let the smaller number be x.

⇒ Larger number = (x+1365)
 ⇒x+1365=6x+15
⇒5x=1350
⇒x=270

∴ Larger number is (270 + 1365) = 1635

and smaller number is 270.

3. Euclid’s division lemma states “Given positive integers a and b, there exist unique
integers q and r satisfying a=bq+r". Which of the following is true for r?

(A) r>a

(B) r<0

(C) 0≤r<b

(D) r>b

Answer: (C) 0≤r<b

Solution: Euclid's division lemma:

Given positive integers a and b, there exist unique integers q and r satisfying a = bq + r
where 0≤r<b
Basically, it can be observed that remainder can never be more than the divisor, and is a
non-negative integer (could be zero).

4. a and b, when divided by 7 and 6 respectively, leave remainders p and q respectively.

What is the maximum value of p + q?

(A)5

(B) 6

(C) 12

(D) 11

Answer: (D) 11
 Solution: There exist integers m and n such that a = 7m + p and b = 6n + q such that
0<p<7⇒
Maximum value of p will be 6.
0<q<6⇒
Maximum value of p will be 5.
Therefore, the maximum value of p + q will be 11.

5. If HCF (1008, 20) = HCF (20, a) = HCF (a, b) where 1008=20×q+a; 20=a×m+b where (q, a)
and (m, b) are positive integers satisfying Euclid’s Division Lemma. What could be the
values of a and b?

(A) 24, 8

(B) 20, 8

(C) 10, 4

(D) 8, 4

Answer: (D) 8, 4

Solution: If p=d×q+r, (p>q) where p, q, d, r are integers and for a given (p, d), there exist
a unique (q, r), then HCF (p, d) = HCF (d, r). Because this relation holds true, the Euclid’s
Division Algorithm exists in a step by step manner. So, to find the HCF (1008, 20), we use
Euclid’s division lemma at every step.

Step 1: 1008=20×50+8 ⇒ HCF(1008, 20) = HCF(20,8) ⇒ a could be 8

Step 2: 20=8×2+4 ⇒ HCF(20, 8) = HCF(8,4) ⇒ b could be 4
Step 3: 8=4×2+0

HCF = 4
Since 1008=20×q+a where q and a are positive integers satisfy Euclid’s Division Lemma,
we must have 0≤a<20. So a is surely 8 and b is 4.

Revisiting Irrational Numbers

6. Which one of the following can't be the square of a natural number?

(A) 42437

(B) 20164
 (C) 81225

(D) 32761

Answer: (A) 42437

Solutions: We know that the square of a natural number never ends in 2, 3, 7 and 8.

∴ 42437 can't be the square of a natural number.

7. If the number 91876y2 is completely divisible by 8, then the smallest whole number in
place of y will be:

(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 3
(D) 1

Answer: (C) 3

Solution: For a number to be divisible by 8, the last three digits must be divisible by 8.

Here, 6y2 must be divisible by 8.

For y=3, 632 is divisible by 8.

8. If x and y are the two digits of the number 653xy such that this number is divisible by 80,
then x + y =?

(A) 4 or 8
(B) 6
(C) 4
(D) 8

Answer: (B) 6

Solution: If the number is divisible by another number, it will be divisible by its factors
too.

The factors of 80=2×5×8

 For the number to be divisible by both 2 and 5, the last digit should be 0

So, y=0

So we can rewrite the number as 653x0

Now For the number to be divisible by 8; last 3 digits should be divisible by 8

So 3x0 should be divisible by 8

So, x can be either 2 or 6 since 320 and 360 are divisible by 8

If x=2; then the number becomes 65320 which is not divisible by 80

If x=6; then the number becomes 65360 which is divisible by 80

Hence the value of x=6

So, x+y=6+0 = 6

9. Which among the following options is irrational?

(A) 3.1415926535... (non-repeating and non-terminating)

(B) 10.2
(C)
(D)

Answer: (A) 3.1415926535... (Non-repeating and non-terminating)

Solution: Non-terminating and non-repeating decimals are irrational.

If the denominator of a rational number is in the form of where n and m are

non-negative integers, then the rational number is terminating.

0.2= =

∴ 0.2 has terminating decimal and is a rational number.

3.1415926535... is non-terminating and non-repeating.

∴ 3.1415926535... is irrational.
 =

∴ has terminating decimal and is a rational number.

= =

has terminating decimal and is a rational number.

10. ‘s’ is called irrational if it cannot be written in the form of _____ where p and q are
integers and ______

(A) ,p=0

(B) pq , p ≠ 0

(C)

(D)

Answer: (C)

Solution: ‘s’ is called irrational if it cannot be written in the form of pq, where p and
q are integers and q ≠ 0

Revisiting Rational Numbers and Their Decimal Expansions

11. Write down the decimal expansions of :

(A) 0.0208
 (B) 0.00208

(C) 0.00512

(D) 0.00416

Answer: (B) 0.00208

Solution: =

To get the denominator in powers of 10, multiply both numerator and

denominator by .

⇒ =

= 13 x = = 0.00208

12. Without actually performing the long division, state whether the following rational
numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating decimal
expansion:

(A) non-terminating non - repeating decimal

(B) non-terminating repeating decimal

(C) non-terminating decimal

(D) terminating decimal

Answer: (D) terminating decimal

Solution: The given number is

We know a rational number is expressed in simplest form and if q can be expressed as

 × , then it is a terminating decimal

Clearly, 2 and 5 are not the factors of 23

8 can be expressed in terms of its primes as 2×2×2

Or, 8 = . , where m = 3 and n = 0

Since q can be expressed in the form of . , we can say is a terminating decimal.

13. Without actually performing the long division, state whether the following rational
number will have a terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating decimal
expansion: and

(A) both have terminating decimal expansion

(B) - non-terminating

(C) both have non-terminating decimal expansion

(D) - terminating

Answer: (A) both have terminating decimal expansion

Solution: If the denominator of a rational number is in the form of . , where m and

n are non-negative integers, then the rational number has terminating decimal
expansion.

has terminating decimal expansion

= has terminating decimal expansion.

 14. Decide whether 52.123456789 is a rational number or not. If rational (in the
form ), what can you say about the prime factors of q?

(A) Rational Number, Prime factor of q will be only 2.

(B) Rational Number, Prime factor of q will have a factor other than 2 or 5.
(C) Not rational number
(D) Rational Number, Prime factors of q will have either 2 or 5 or both

Answer: (D) Rational Number, Prime factors of q will have either 2 or 5 or both

Solution: It is rational because decimal expansion is terminating. Therefore, it can be

expressed in form where factors of q are of the form . and n and m are non-negative

integers.

15. Let x= be a rational number, such that the prime factorization of q is not of the
form , where n, m are non-negative integers. Then, x has a decimal expansion
which is ____________

(A) Terminating

(B) Non-terminating non-repeating

(C) Terminating non-repeating

(D) Non-terminating repeating (recurring)

Answer: (D) Non-terminating repeating (recurring)

Solution: Non-terminating repeating (recurring)

The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

16. Find the HCF of 1848, 3058 and 1331.

(A) 9

(B) 14
 (C) 13

(D) 11

Answer: (D) 11

Solution: Consider first two numbers 1848 and 3058, where 3058 > 1848.

3058 = 1848 × 1 + 1210

1848 = 1210 × 1 + 638
1210 = 638 × 1 + 572
638 = 572 × 1 + 66
572 = 66 × 8 + 44
66 = 44 × 1 + 22
44 = 22 × 2 + 0
∴ HCF of 1848 and 3058 is 22.

Let us find the HCF of the numbers 1331 and 22.

1331 = 22 × 60 + 11
22 = 11 × 2 + 0
HCF of 1331 and 22 is 11

∴ HCF of the three given numbers 1848, 3058 and 1331 is 11.

17. An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in
a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the
maximum number of columns in which they can march?

(A) 8

(B) 7

(C) 6

(D) 9

Answer: (A) 8

Solution: Maximum number of columns = HCF of 616 and 32

616= ×7×11
32=
∴ HCF of 616 and 32 = =8
18. Find the biggest number which can divide both 324 and 144.

(A) 18

(B) 36

(C) 9

(D) 21

Answer: (B) 36

Solution: Finding the biggest number that will divide both 324 and 144 is same as finding
the HCF of both.
Prime factorizing the two numbers we get,
324=3×3×3×3×2×2
144=3×3×2×2×2×2
Now, taking the common factors between them gives us the HCF.
Therefore, HCF =2×2×3×3=36

19. Which of the following does not satisfy the following property?
A number which divides 542 and 128 and leaves a remainder 2 in both cases.

(A) 12

(B) 9

(C) 6

(D) 3

Answer: (A) 12

Solution: Suppose the number be x. Since it divides 542 and 128 leave a remainder 2,
using the Euclid’s division algorithm for 542 and x, 542 = ax + 2, where a is an integer. So,
ax = 542 – 2 = 540, i.e. x is a factor of 540. Similarly x is a factor of (128 - 2).

The HCF of 542 – 2 = 540, 128 – 2 = 126:

Step 1: 540=126×4+36
Step 2: 126=36×3+18
Step 3: 36=18×2+0
 HCF is 18
3, 6, 9 are factors of 18. 12 is the only number which isn’t a factor and hence doesn’t
satisfy the above property.

20. p = (where q is a prime < 7) is the prime factorization representation of ‘p’.

What is the value of p?

(A) p = 700

(B) p = 900

(C) p = 36

(D) can’t say

Answer: (B) p = 900

Solution: So p is 5 and the number is 900.