First Java Program

Thursday, July 13, 2023

7:41 PM

JAVA program:
Program:
Set of instructions.
Class :Class is collection object.
-Java Is case sensitive.
-Keyword: These reserved words.
-These they are having own meaning, you can not use.

Syntax:
class class_name
{// start of class

}//end of class

class Demo
{
//body of class
}
*************************************************************
Symbols:
{ } :---It indicates scope of block
( ):- It indicate method.
[ ] :- It indicated array.
, - to separate variable.(seperator)
. -To access properties inside a class with the help of object.
; -It indicates end of statement.(terminator)
*************************************************************
Naming convention:
1.class name always starts with capital letter.
DemoProgram,Demo_Program,
2.Variables should be written in lowercase
3.method name should be written in camelcase.
firstName()
4.constant always write in upper case.
ID

Method:
void :nothing
return_type method_name (parameters,parameters)
{

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{
// body of method

********************************************************
Parameters Explanations:
1.Class: It is keyword which is used to declare a class in java.
2.public: It is keyword which is used to show visibility to all, accessibility by all.
3.static:It is a keyword. There is no need to create an object of a class. The main method is
executed by the JVM no need to create object.
4.void:It indicates return type of method. It means it doesn't return any value.
5.main:method name which represents starting point of the program.
6.String args[]:It is parameter accepted by main method.
7.System.:It is predefined class in java.
8.out:object to call println().
9.println() :This method is used to print the output and moves cursor to next line.
10.print() :This method is used to print the output but cursor will stay on same line.
*************************************************************
Variable:
What is variable?

-Variable is a container which contains/stores value .

-Varible means whose value can varies.
-Varible value is not fixed it can change.
-A variable can strore only one value.
• Variable Declaration:
data_type variable_name ;
int x;
• variable declaration with intialization:
Data_type variable_name =initial_value;
int x=4;

Assignment:
1.Write a program to find area of Rectangle.
2.Write a program to calculate percentage of student.(6 subjects).
3.Write a program to find area cylinder.
4.Write a program to find total salary of employee per annum .
5.write a program to perform multiplication, division of 2 numbers.

Data types in java:

1.primitive data types :int,float,double,char
-basic data types.

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-basic data types.
-java is a statically-typed programming languge.
-All variables must be declared before they use.
2.non-primitive data types:Classes,Arrays,String

Data type Default size

boolean 1 bit
char 2 byte
byte 1 byte
short 2 byte
int 4 bytes
long 8 bytes
float 4 byte
double 8 bytes

** float :3.4f
** double:3.4
** long :9097865343l
=================================================================================
======
Operators in Java:
These are the symbols that is used to perform operations.
They are many types:
1.Unary operator:
2.Arithmetic Operator
3.Shift Operator
4.Relational Operator
5.Bitwise operator
6.Logical Operator
7.Ternary operator
8.Assignment Operator.

** Unary Operator:
This operator it used single operand.
Types:
1.Increment--------------increase value by one
a. prefix increment operator:
syntax: ++x;
-increment value in memory then use
b. postfix increment operator:
syntax: x++;
-Use first then increment in memory.

2.Decrement------------decrease value by one.

1.prefix:
Syntax: --x
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 Syntax: --x
decrease first then use
2.postfix:
Syntax: x--
Use first then decrease.

3) ! :-You can use this operator with boolean data type.

Boolean b=false;
!b=true;
-this operator returns opposite value.

2.Java Arithmetic Operators:

Arithemetic operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operation.
Addition(+);
Substraction(-)
Multiplication(*)
Division(/)
Modulus(%)
Operartor precendence: multiplicative: [* / %]
Additive:[+ -]

3.Shift Operators:
1.left shift: (<<)
- In java left shift operator is used to shift all of the bits in a values to the left side of specified
number of times.
-Embedded system.
-Internally they works on binary values.
-Digital logic.

Decimal--binary--decimal

-Example : (14<<4) :14 left shift by 4

-14 *2 ^4

(15<<3)
-15 *2 ^3

2.right shift:(>>)
It used to move bits to the right side by the number of bits specified.
(10>>2)
-10/2^2

3.Relational Operators:
-These operator are used to compare between operands and returns boolean value as a result.

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-These operator are used to compare between operands and returns boolean value as a result.
-Mainly these operator are used in control statement.

>
<
<=
>=
== :Equality
!

4.Logical Operators:
1.AND (&&)
2.OR(||):-----similar +
-AND(&&)-----similar
This operator returns true as *. if either of condition is true .
This
It will operator
returnsreturns
false iftrue
bothif the
onlyconditions
both conditions are true.
are false.
If
True any:1condition is false it will return false.
and False:0
-True(1) and false (0)
condition1
Condition1 conditioncondition ResulResult
TT (1) TT (1) TT(1*1)
T(1)
T F F(0) TF(1*0)
FF TT TF
FF FF FF

3.Logical Not(!):Opposite value

False=true
True=false

4.XOR (^):
This operator returns true if either statements one is true or statement two is true but not
both.
Condition1 condition2 Resul
T T F
T F T
F T T
F F F

Bitwise Operators:
1.Bitwise AND (&):
condition1 condition Resul
1T 1 T 1

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1 T 0 F 0
0 F 1 T 0
0 F 0F 0

2.Bitwise OR (|) :
Condition1 condition Resul
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F

**Difference between logical and bitwise AND:

&& :If first condition is false then it will check not second condition.
If first condition is true then it will check second condition.

&: If first condition is either true or false it will always check for second condition.

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