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    Hepatitis

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    Imran

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hepatitis

    Uploaded by

    Imran
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    hepatitis

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    Hepatitis

    Uploaded by

    Imran

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    4.

    Hepatitis
    Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. It is
    commonly the result of a viral infection, but there are other
    possible causes of hepatitis. Viral infections are the most
    common cause of hepatitis. The World Health Organization
    (WHO) estimates that 354 million currently live with chronic
    hepatitis B and C globally.
    Types of Hepatitis:
     Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus
    (HAV), is
    the most common worldwide. The onset of hepatitis A usually
    occurs 15 to 45 days after exposure to the virus, and some
    infected
    individuals, especially children, exhibit no clinical
    manifestations. In
    the majority of cases, no special treatment other than bed
    rest is
    required; most recover fully from the disease. Hepatitis A
    does not
    give rise to chronic hepatitis. The severity of the disease can
    be
    reduced if the affected individual is injected within two weeks
    of
    exposure with immune serum globulin obtained from persons
    exposed to HAV. This approach, called passive immunization,
    is
    effective because the serum contains antibodies against HAV.
    An
    effective vaccine against HAV is available and is routinely
    administered to children over two years of age living in
    communities
    with high rates of HAV.
     Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is a much more severe and longer-
    lasting
    disease than hepatitis A. It may occur as an acute disease, or,
    in
    about 5 to 10 percent of cases, the illness may become
    chronic and
    lead to permanent liver damage. Symptoms usually appear
    from 40
    days to 6 months after exposure to the hepatitis B virus
    (HBV).
    Those persons at greatest risk for contracting hepatitis B
    include
    113
    Dr. Tehseen Javed
    Department of Environmental Sciences
    intravenous drug users, sexual partners of individuals with
    the disease, health care workers who are not adequately
    immunized, and recipients of organ transplants or blood
    transfusions. A safe and effective vaccine against HBV is
    available and provides protection for at least five years.
    Passive immunization with hepatitis B immune globulin can
    also provide protection. Approximately 1 in 10 patients with
    HBV infection becomes a carrier of the virus and may
    transmit it to others. Those who carry the virus are also 100
    times more likely to develop liver cancer than persons
    without HBV in their blood

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