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OXFORD MONOGRAPHS IN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
General Editors
VAUGHAN LOWE QC
Essex Court Chambers, London and Emeritus Fellow
of All Souls College, Oxford
P R O F E S S O R D A N SA R O O S H I
Professor of Public International Law
at the University of Oxford
and Senior Research Fellow of The Queen’s College, Oxford
S T E F A N T A L MO N
Director of the Institute of Public International Law
at the University of Bonn and Supernumerary Fellow of St Anne’s College, Oxford
1
3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
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and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
# Hege Elisabeth Kjos, 2013
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First Edition published in 2013
Impression: 1
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Acknowledgements
‘International investment law is one of the fastest-growing areas of international law
today. Only a decade ago, the current surge in investor–state arbitrations [ . . . ] was
beyond imagination.’1 It was just a bit more than a decade ago that I was fortunate to
enter the field of international investment arbitration. The rise in the number of
arbitrations and the accompanying growth in scholarship partly explain the time it
has taken to present this study. Relatedly, the fact that I have been examining a ‘moving
target’ has made the process more stimulating. I feel privileged to be able to continue to
work in this area that brings together so many facets of the law; the ‘field trip’2 is not
over. In this respect, I am especially grateful to be part of the project ‘International Law
through the National Prism: the Impact of Judicial Dialogue’ funded by the European
Science Foundation as a European Collaborative Research Project in the Social Sci-
ences, as it has allowed me to explore more deeply the larger theme of this book: the
interactions between the national and the international legal orders.
There are many to thank now that the book is published. In addition to the great
OUP team and then especially the Monograph Series Editors, Merel Alstein and
Anthony Hinton, I mention in particular André Nollkaemper for believing in the
project and for his sharp guidance; the late Thomas W. Wälde, for giving me confi-
dence and inspiration; and Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte and Ruth Teitelbaum for their
direction and friendship. I am also thankful to the distinguished Members of the
Doctoral Committee3 and Antonio Parra for their valuable comments and suggestions
to the doctoral thesis which forms the basis of this book; as well as Nwamaka Okany,
Yannick Radi, and Anthony Battah, especially, for our discussions. In addition to the
European Science Foundation, I gratefully acknowledge the (financial) support of the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; the Hague Academy of International
Law, Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations;
and the School of International Arbitration, Queen Mary, University of London.
Warm thanks are also due my friends at the University of Amsterdam for making me
feel at home in the Netherlands and convincing me that I have the world’s best
colleagues. Next to Danielle Obradovic, Thomas Vandamme, Martine van Trigt, Jim
Mathis, Ronald van Ooik, Betty Kremer, Willem van Merle, Annemarieke Vermeer-
Künzli, Ingo Venzke, Machiko Kanetake, Esther Kentin and Heather Kurzbauer; these
include my brilliant fellow pionieren: Geranne Lautenbach, Ward Ferdinandusse, Jann
Kleffner, Nikos Lavranos, Janne Nijman, and Fabián Raimondo.
To other dear friends in various corners of the world: thank you for adding sparkle to
my life, each in your own way.
I would like to dedicate this book to my family in Norway and the Netherlands, and
then especially to my husband Bertil—I could not have wished for a better partner and
1 S.W. Schill, Book Review, Principles of International Investment Law (2009) 20(2) Eur. J. Int’l L.
471 (reviewing R. Dolzer and C. Schreuer, Principles of International Investment Law [Oxford, Oxford
University Press, 2008]). Cf. A. Diehl, The Core Standards of International Investment Protection
(2012), 1 (‘Little more than a decade ago, investment arbitration was virtually unknown beyond the
circles of those who were involved in the negotiation of investment treaties’).
2 See Chapter 8 (concluding observations).
3 Catharina Brölmann, Filip De Ly, Pieter Jan Kuijper, André Nollkaemper, Christoph Schreuer,
Nico Schrijver, Ole Spiermann, and Erika de Wet. The Honorable Charles N. Brower served in the
role of independent expert.
vi Acknowledgements
a father for our daughters; to my Mamma and role model Kari, for everything, always;
and to my Pappa, Per-Arne, for giving me perspective and love. Last but not least,
I dedicate it to Nora Sofie and Kari Helena for making me smile inside and out, each
and every day. I love you.
Hege Elisabeth Kjos, Amstelveen, 18 September 2012
Table of Contents
Table of Cases ix
Table of Legislation xxi
List of Abbreviations xxviii
1. General Introduction 1
1. Motivations for the Study 1
2. The Scope of and Terminology Used in the Study 11
3. The Method and Plan of the Study 16
2. Territorialized and Internationalized Arbitration Tribunals 19
1. Introduction 19
2. Features of the Arbitral Process 20
3. Territorialized Tribunals 23
4. Internationalized Tribunals 44
5. General Conclusions 59
3. Choice-of-Law Rules 61
1. Introduction 61
2. The Linkage Between Lex Arbitri and Choice-of-Law Methodology 62
3. Choice-of-Law Rules 67
4. General Conclusions 103
4. The Scope of the Arbitration Agreement: Claims and Counterclaims
of a National and/or International Nature 105
1. Introduction 105
2. Characterization: The National or International Nature of Claims 106
3. The Scope of the Arbitration Agreement: National and/or
International Claims 112
4. Counterclaims by Host States 128
5. General Conclusions 154
5. The Primary Applicability of National Law and the Role of
International Law 157
1. Introduction 157
2. Reasons for the Primary Applicability of National Law 158
3. The Role of International Law when National Law
Primarily Applies 181
4. General Conclusions 211
6. The Primary Applicability of International Law and the Role of
National Law 213
1. Introduction 213
2. Reasons for the Primary Applicability of International Law 213
3. The Role of National Law when International Law
Primarily Applies 240
4. General Conclusions 269
viii Table of Contents
Index 303
Table of Cases
ARBITRAL AWARDS
Abaclat and Others (Case formerly known as Giovanna a Beccara and Others) v Argentine
Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/5, Dissenting Opinion of Professor Georges
Abi-Saab, 28 October 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–6
Abyei Arbitration (Government of Sudan v The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army),
Award, 22 July 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ADC Affiliate Limited, ADC & ADMC Management Limited v Republic of Hungary,
ICSID Case No. ARB/03/16, Award, 2 October 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166, 223, 260, 265–6
ADF Group Inc. v United States, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/00/1, Procedural Order No. 2,
Award, 9 January 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 31
Adriano Gardella S.p.A. v Republic of the Ivory Coast, ICSID Case No. ARB/74/1, Award,
29 August 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 288
AES Corporation v The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/17, Decision on
Jurisdiction, 26 April 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121, 241
AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Erömü Kft. v Hungary, ICSID
Case No. ARB/07/22, Award, 23 September 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205–6
AGIP S.p.A. v People’s Republic of the Congo, ICSID Case No. ARB/77/1, Award,
20 November 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 193, 280–1
Aguaytia Energy LLC v Republic of Peru, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/13, Award,
11 December 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
AIG Capital Partners, Inc. and CJSC Tema Real Estate Company v Republic of Kazakhstan,
ICSID Case No. ARB/01/6, Award, 7 October 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Alpha Projektholding GmbH v Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/16, Award,
8 November 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231, 239, 254
Alsing Trading Co. & Svenska Tändsticks Aktiebolaget v Greece, Award, 22 December 1954
(Python, sole arb.), 23 I.L.R. 633 (1956) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Amco Asia Corporation and others v Republic of Indonesia, ICSID Case No. ARB/81/1,
Award, 20 November 1984; Decision on Annulment, 16 May 1986; (resubmitted case),
Decision on Jurisdiction; Award, 5 June 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 84, 92, 129, 152, 169, 191,
196, 209, 273, 277–8
American Bell International, Inc. v The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran,
et al., Interlocutory Award No. ITL 41-48-3, 11 June 1984,
6 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 151, 272, 291–2
American International Group, Inc. and American Life Insurance Company v Islamic Republic
of Iran and Central Insurance of Iran, Award, 19 December 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187, 234
Amman & Whitney and Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (Khuzestan
Department of Housing and Urban Development), Case No. 198, Chamber One,
Order, 30 January 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Amoco International Finance Corporation v Iran et al., Partial Award No. 310-56-3
(14 July 1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161, 234
Anaconda-Iran, Inc. v Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and National Iranian
Copper Industries Company, Case No. 167, Award No. ITL 65-167-3, Interlocutory
Award, 10 December 1986, 13 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 199. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 51–2, 69, 94,
147, 167, 175–6, 263–4
Anderson et al. v Republic of Costa Rica, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/07/3, Award,
19 May 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Aryeh v Iran, Award, 25 September 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Asian Agricultural Products Limited (AAPL) v Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,
ICSID Case No. ARB/87/3, Award, 27 June 1990, 4 ICSID Rep. 246 (1997). . . . 78–9, 186,
223–4, 227, 259, 263
Atlantic Triton Company Limited v People’s Revolutionary Republic of Guinea, ICSID
Case No. ARB/84/1, Award, 21 April 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 180
x Table of Cases
Austrian Airlines v Slovak Republic, Final Award and Dissenting Opinion (redacted version),
20 October 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Autopista Concesionada de Venezuela, C.A. (‘Aucoven’) v Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,
ICSID Case No. ARB/00/5, Award, 23 September 2003 . . . . . . . . . . 70, 76–7, 174, 191–2,
197–8, 209–10
Azinian Davitian, & Baca v Mexico, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/97/2, Award,
1 November 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123–4, 151, 243
Azurix Corp. v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/12, Decision on Jurisdiction,
8 December 2003; Decision on Annulment, 1 September 2009 . . . . . 57, 109, 186, 230, 256
Banro American Resources, Inc. and Société Aufière du Kivu et du Maniema S.A.R.L. v
Democratic Republic of the Congo, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/7, Award,
1 September 2000, ICSID Rev.-FILJ. 382 (2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Bayindir Insaat Turizm Ticaret Ve Sanayi A.S. v Islamic Republic of Pakistan, ICSID
Case No. ARB/03/29, Decision on Jurisdiction, 14 November 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Bendone-DeRossi Int’l v Iran, 11 March 1988, Award No. 352-375-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Benvenuti & Bonfant v People’s Republic of the Congo, ICSID Case No. ARB/77/2,
Award, 8 August 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129, 290
Berschader v Russia, SCC Case No. 080/2004, Award, 21 April 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
BG Group Plc v Argentina, Award, 24 December 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7–8, 33, 185, 233,
243, 287–8
Biloune and Marine Drive Complex Ltd v Ghana Investments Centre and the Government
of Ghana, Award on Jurisdiction and Liability, 27 October 1989; Award on Damages
and Costs, 30 June 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 108, 115–16, 288
Bogdanov, Agurdino-Invest Ltd, Agurdino-Chimia JSC v Government of the Republic
of Moldova, SCC Institute, Award, 22 September 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 119–20, 176, 261
BP America Production Co. and Others v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/8,
Decision on Preliminary Objections, 27 July 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247, 251
Bridas S.A.I.P.I.C and others v Government of Turkmenistan, Concern Balkannebitgazsenagat
and State Concern Turkmenneft, ICC Arbitration Case No. 9058/ FMS/KGA, First
Partial Award, 25 June 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
British Petroleum Exploration Co. (BP) v Libyan Arab Republic, Award, 10 October 1973
and 1 August 1974. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 64, 206–7, 219
Cable TV v The Federation of St. Christopher (St. Kitts) and Nevis, Award, ICSID
Case No ARB/95/2, 13 January 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169, 210
Carolina Brass, Inc. v Iran, Award, 12 September 1986, Award No. 252-10035-2,
12 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 139 (1986 III). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–50
Casado and President Allende Foundation v Republic of Chile, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/2,
Award, 8 May 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
CDC Group plc v Republic of the Seychelles, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/14, Award 17 December
2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Cementownia ‘Nowa Huta’ S.A. v Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/06/2,
Award, 17 September 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132, 139
Ceskoslovenska Obchodni Banka, A.S. v The Slovak Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/4,
24 May 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54, 112
Chevron Corporation and Texaco Petroleum Company v The Republic of
Ecuador, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. 34877, Partial Award on the Merits,
30 March 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 119
CME Czech Republic B.V. v Czech Republic, Partial Award, 13 September 2001;
Final Award, 14 March 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165–7, 185, 191, 207–8, 231, 246,
263, 269, 287
CMI International, Inc. v Ministry of Roads and Transportation, Iran, 27 December 1983,
4 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 263 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 126, 171
CMS Gas Transmission Company v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8,
Decision on Jurisdiction, 17 July 2003; Award, 12 May 2005; Decision on Annulment,
25 September 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166, 186, 228, 247, 249–51, 262–271
Colt Industries v The Republic of Korea, ICSID Case No. ARB/84/2), Settlement,
3 August 1990, unreported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Table of Cases xi
Compañía de Aguas, SA and Vivendi Universal v Argentina, ICSID Case ARB/97/3, Award I,
21 November 2000; Decision on Annulment; Award II . . . . . . . . 110, 119–22, 146, 149–50,
162–3, 174, 186, 230, 248
Compañía del Desarrollo de Santa Elena, S.A. v Republic of Costa Rica, ICSID
Case No. ARB/96/1, Award, 17 February 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 79, 209–10, 236–9, 290
Continental Casualty Company v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/9, Decision on
Jurisdiction, 22 February 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Cook v Mexico, Opinions of Commissioners (1927) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Corn Products International, Inc. v United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/04/1,
Decision on Responsibility, 15 January 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Davidson (Homayounjah) v Iran, Award, 5 March 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Desert Line Projects LLC v Republic of Yemen, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/17, Award,
6 February 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131, 289–90
Dic of Delaware, et al. v Tehran Redevelopment Corp., et al., Award,
26 April 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 292
Duke Energy Electroquil Partners & Electroquil S.A. v Republic of Ecuador,
ICSID Case No. ARB/ 04/19, Award, 18 August 2008 . . . . . . . . . .10, 71, 108–9, 112, 210,
248, 250, 300
Duke Energy International Peru Investments No. 1, Ltd v Peru, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/28,
Decision on Jurisdiction, 1 February 2006; Award, 18 August 2008; Decision
on Annulment, 1 March 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166, 210, 229, 257
Eastern Sugar B.V. v Czech Republic, SCC Case No. 088/2004, Partial Award,
27 March 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204, 233, 259
Economy Forms Corporation v Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran et al.,
Award No. 55-165-1, 3 I. U.S. C.T.R. 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84, 175
EDF (Services) Limited v Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/13, Award,
8 October 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
El Paso Energy International Company v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/15,
Decision on Jurisdiction, 27 April 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 110, 230–1, 247, 251–3
EnCana Corporation v Republic of Ecuador, LCIA Case UN 3481, Award,
3 February 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244, 288
Enron Corporation and Ponderosa Assets, L.P. v Argentine Republic, ICSID
Case No. ARB/01/3, Award, 22 May 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 57, 255–6, 283, 295
Etezadi v Iran, Award, 23 March 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245, 257
Eureko B.V. v Republic of Poland, Partial Award, 19 October 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122, 247, 252
Eureko B.V. v Slovak Republic, PCA Case No. 2008-13, Award on Jurisdiction,
Arbitrability and Suspension, 26 October 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Europe Cement Investment & Trade S.A. v Republic of Turkey, ICSID
Case No. ARB(AF)/07/2, Award, 13 August 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132, 139, 143
Fakes v Republic of Turkey, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/20, Award, 14 July 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Fedax v Venezuela, ICSID Case No. ARB/96/3, Award, 9 March 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Fedders Corp. v Iran, Decision No. DEC 51-250-3, 13 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 97
(28 October 1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
FMC Corporation and The Ministry of National Defence et al., Award No. 292-353-2,
12 February 1987, 14 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 62, 69, 162
France Telecom v Republic of Lebanon, unpublished award rendered in Switzerland,
pursuant to the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules on 22 February 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v Philippines, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/25,
Award, 16 August 2007; Decision on the Application of Annulment,
23 December 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263, 267–8, 284
French Company of Venezuelan Railroads case (1905), Ralston’s Report, p. 367 . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Funnekotter and others v Republic of Zimbabwe, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/6, Award,
22 April 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Gami Investments, Inc. v Mexico, Final Award, 15 November 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202, 239
Generation Ukraine, Inc. v Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/9, Award,
16 September 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 125, 242
xii Table of Cases
Genin, Eastern Credit Limited, Inc. v Republic of Estonia, ICSID Case No. ARB/99/2,
Award, 25 June 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125, 131, 134, 139, 143, 151, 170, 180
Global Trading Resource Corp. and Globex International, Inc. v Ukraine, ICSID
Case No. ARB/09/11, Award, 1 December 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Goetz and others v Republic of Burundi, ICSID Case No. ARB/95/3, Award (embodying
the parties’ Settlement Agreement), 10 February 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 5, 71–2,
185, 222, 281–4, 300, 302
Goetz and others v Republic of Burundi, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/2, Award,
21 June 2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133–4, 138, 147
Gould Marketing, Inc. v Ministry of National Defense, Award No. ITL 24-49-2, 27 July 1983,
3 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Government of the State of Kuwait v American Independent Oil Company (Aminoil), Award,
24 May 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130, 184, 272
Gustav F W Hamester GmbH & Co KG v Republic of Ghana, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/24,
Award, 18 June 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110, 128, 132, 142, 266
Harnischfeger Corp. v Ministry of Roads & Transportation, Partial Award,
13 July 1984, 7 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 90; Final Award, 26 April 1985, 8 Iran-U.S.
C.T.R. 119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 93–4, 272, 291
Harris International Telecommunications, Inc. v Iran, Partial Award, 2 November 1987,
17 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151–2
Himpurna California Energy Ltd v Indonesia, Interim Award, 26 September 1999
(2000) XXV Y.B. Comm’l Arb. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 185
Himpurna California Energy Ltd v PT. (Persero) Perusahaan Listruik Negara,
Final Award, 4 May 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
ICC Case No. 1434 (1975), reprinted in Yves Derains, Chronique de Sentences Arbitrales,
Clunet (1976) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
ICC Case No. 1990, Award, 1972 (Italian Claimant v Spanish Respondent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
ICC Case No. 2930, Award, 1982 (Two Yugoslav Enterprises v Swiss Company),
Y.B. Comm. Arb. 105 (1984) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
ICC Case No. 5505, Preliminary Award, 1987, 13 Y.B. Com.Arb. 110 (1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Inceysa Vallisoletana S.L. v Republic of El Salvador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/26, Award,
2 August 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179–80, 266–8
International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v United Mexican States, Award,
26 January 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223, 244, 254
Ioan Micula, Viorel Micula, S.C. European Food S.A, S.C. Starmill S.R.L. and
S.C. Multipack S. R.L. v Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/20, Decision
on Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 24 September 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Iran and The United States, Request for Interpretation: Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
with respect to claims by the Islamic Republic of Iran against nationals of the
United States of America, Case No. A/2-FT, 13 January 1982,
1 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Iran v United States, Case A-19, 30 September 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Iran v United States, Case No. A/18, Decision No. DEC 32-A18-FT, 6 April 1984 . . . . . . . . . 48
Ireland v United Kingdom (‘OSPAR’ Arbitration), Final Award, 2 July 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Isaiah v Bank Mellat, Award, 30 March 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Iran and United States of America, Case A/21, Decision No. Dec. 62-A21-FT, 4 May 1987, 14
Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 324 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Iran and United States of America, Case No. A/27, Award No. 586-A27-FT, 5 June
(1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 52, 140
Iran and United States of America, Decision No. DEC 134-A3/A8/A9/A14/B61-FT
(Decision ruling on Request for Revision by the Islamic Republic of Iran),
1 July 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Iran v The United States of America, Case No. B1 (Counterclaim), Interlocutory Award,
9 September 2004, Award No. ITL 83-B1-FT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128, 140–1, 146
Italian Claimant v Spanish Respondent, ICC Case No. 1990, Award, 1972. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Joint Venture Yashlar and Bridas S.A.I.P.I.C. v Turkmenistan, ICC Arbitration
Case No. 9151/FMS/KGA, Interim Award, 8 June 1999; Final Award,
19 May 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160, 266
Joy Mining Machinery Ltd v Egypt, ICSID Case ARB/02-03/11, Decision on Jurisdiction,
6 August 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111, 247
Table of Cases xiii
Karpa v United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/99/1, Decision on Jurisdiction,
6 December 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Kilic Insaat Ithalat Ihracat Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v Turkmenistan, ICSID
Case No. ARB/10/1, Decision on treaty authenticity and interpretation, 7 May 2012. . . . 182
Klöckner Industrie-Anlagen GmbH and others v United Republic of Cameroon and
Société Camerounaise des Engrais, ICSID Case No. ARB/81/2, Award,
21 October 1983; Decision on Annulment, 3 May 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129, 143, 151–2,
168–9, 191, 208, 238, 272–4, 279, 288–9
Lemire v Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/18, Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability,
14 January 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Lena Goldfields Ltd v Soviet Government, Award, September 1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 129, 217
L.E.S.I. S.p.A. et ASTALDI S.p.A. v People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, ICSID
Case No. ARB/05/3, Decision on Jurisdiction, 12 July 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
LG&E Energy Corp. et al. v Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/1, Decision on
Liability, 3 October 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 89, 92–3, 166, 210, 230, 259
Liberian Eastern Timber Corporation (LETCO) v Republic of Liberia, ICSID
Case No. ARB/83/ 2, Award, 31 March 1986, rectified 10 June 1986 . . . . . . . . 76, 194, 209,
272, 279–80
Libyan American Oil Company (LIAMCO) v Government of the Libyan Arab Republic,
Award, 12 April 1977, 20 I.L.M. 1 (1981). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–6, 69, 82, 114–15, 184, 194,
206–7, 219, 276–7
Limited Liability Company Amto v Ukraine, SCC Case No. 080/2005, Final Award,
26 March 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132, 138–9, 147
Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewen v United States, ICSID
Case No. ARB(AF)/98/3, 26 June 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124, 225
Maffezini v Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7, Award, 13 November 2000 . . . . . . . 108, 186, 263
Malaysian Historical Salvors, SDN, BHD v Malaysia, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/10,
Decision on Annulment, 16 April 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Malicorp Limited v Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/18, Award,
7 February 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Maritime International Nominees Establishment (MINE) v Republic of Guinea,
ICSID Case No. ARB/84/4), Award, 6 January 1988; Decision on Annulment,
2 December 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 129, 160
M.C.I. Power Group L.C. and New Turbine, Inc. v Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/6,
Award, 31 July 2007; Decision on Annulment, 19 October 2009 . . . . . 57, 77, 166, 210, 283
Merrill & Ring Forestry L.P. v Canada, Award, 31 March 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 226
Metalclad Corporation v United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/97/1,
Award, 30 August 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Methanex v United States, Final Award, 3 August 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 201
Middle East Cement Shipping and Handling Co. S.A. v Arab Republic of Egypt,
ICSID Case No. ARB/99/6, Award, 12 April 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124–5
Mihaly International Corporation v Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/2, Award,
15 March 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Ministry of Defence and Support for Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran v Westinghouse
Electric Corp., ICC Award No. 7375, 5 June 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73, 75, 83
Mobil Oil Iran v Iran, Partial Award No. 311-74/76/81/150-3, 14 July 1987 . . . . . . 94, 127, 162,
167, 176, 220–1, 233
Morrison-Knudsen Pacific Limited v Ministry of Roads and Transportation (MORT)
and Iran, Award, 13 July 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. & MTD Chile S.A. v Chile, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/7,
Award, 25 May 2004; Decision on Annulment, 21 March 2007 . . . . . . . . . . 56–7, 167, 230,
251–2, 255–6
Nagel v Czech Republic, SCC Case 49/2002, Award, 9 September 2003, Stockholm
Arb. Rep. 141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243–4
National Grid plc v Argentine Republic, Award, 3 November 2008 . . . . . . . 7, 185, 243, 256, 288
National Oil Corporation v Libyan Sun Oil Company, ICC Case No. 4462, First Award
(on force majeure), 31 May 1985, 29 I.L.M. 565 (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113, 159
Noble Energy, Inc. and Machalapower CIA. LTDA v Ecuador and Consejo Nacional de
Electricidad, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/12, Decision on Jurisdiction, 5 March 2008. . . . . . . 8
xiv Table of Cases
Noble Ventures, Inc. v Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/11, Award,
12 October 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174, 247, 249, 253–4
Occidental Exploration and Production Company v Republic of Ecuador, LCIA
Case No. UN 3467, Final Award, 1 July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 40, 110, 185, 271
Oil Field of Texas, Inc. v Iran, National Iranian Oil Company, Oil Service Company
of Iran, Interlocutory Award, 9 December 1982, 1 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 347. . . . . . . . . 192, 292
Oostergetel and Laurentius v Slovak Republic, Final Award, 23 April 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 259
Pan American Energy LLC and BP Argentina Exploration Company v Argentine
Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/13, Decision on Preliminary Objections,
27 July 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Pantechniki S.A. Contractors & Engineers v Republic of Albania, ICSID Case No.
ARB/07/21, Award, 30 July 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110–11
Petrobart v Kyrgyz Republic, SCC Case No. 126/2003, Award,
29 March 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 223, 239, 248–9, 254
Petroleum Development Ltd v Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, Award, September 1951 . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Phelps Dodge Corp. v Islamic Republic of Iran, Award, 19 March 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Phillips Petroleum Company v Iran, Award, 29 June 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 233
Phoenix Action, Ltd v Czech Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/5, Award,
15 April 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264–5, 267
Plama Consortium Limited v Bulgaria, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/24, Award,
27 August 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179, 265–6
Pomeroy v Iran, Award, 8 June 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
PSEG Global Inc., The North American Coal Corporation, and Konya Ilgin Elektrik
Üretim ve Ticaret Limited Sirketi, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/5, Decision on
Jurisdiction, 4 June 2007; Award, 19 January 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 183, 272
Questech, Inc. v Ministry of National Defence of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Award,
20 September 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Ram International Industries, Inc., et al. and Air Force of the Islamic Republic of
Iran, Decision No. DEC 118-148-1, para. 20 (28 December 1993),
29 Iran-U.S. C.T.R. 383 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Reineccius v Bank for International Settlements, Partial Award on the Lawfulness of the
Recall of the Privately Held Shares on 8 January 2001 and the Applicable Standards
for Valuation of those Shares, PCA, 22 November 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Riahi v Iran, Final Award, 27 February 2003, Award No. 600-485-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
RosInvest v Russian Federation, SCC Case No. Arbitration V 079/2005, Award on
Jurisdiction, October 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Roussalis v Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/06/1, Award, 7 December 2011 . . . . . . 71, 116, 130,
133, 136–8, 144
RSM Production Corporation v Grenada, ICSID Case No ARB/05/14, Award,
13 March 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113, 161
Ruler of Qatar v Int’l Marine Oil Co., Award, June 1953, 20 ILR 534 (1957). . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Sabet v Iran, Partial Award, 29 June 1999, Award No. 593-815/816/817-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Saipem S.p.A. v The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/7,
Award, 30 June 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34–5, 231
Salini Costrutorri S.p.A. and Italstrade S.p.A. v Morocco, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/4,
Decision on Jurisdiction, 23 July 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20, 118
Salini Costruttori S.p.A. and Italstrade S.p.A. v Hachemite Kingdom of Jordan,
ICSID Case No. ARB/02/13, Decision on Jurisdiction, 29 November 2004 . . . . . . . . . . 249
Salini Costruttori S.p.A. v Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Water and Sewerage Authority, Award, 7 December 2001, ICC Case No. 10623. . . . . . . . 27
Saluka Investments B.V. v Czech Republic, Decision on Jurisdiction over the Czech
Republic’s Counterclaim, 7 May 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128, 131–2, 134–43, 146–7, 151–2
Sapphire Int’l Petroleum Ltd v National Iranian Oil Co., Award, 15 March 1963,
35 I.L.R. 136 (1963) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 63–5, 75, 218–19
Saudi Arabia v Arabian American Oil Co. (Aramco), Award, 23 August 1958 . . . . . 25, 30, 82, 278
SCC Case 10/2005, Interlocutory Arbitral Award, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Table of Cases xv
SCC Case 117/1999, Separate Arbitral Award, 2001, Stockholm Arb.
Rep. 59 (2002:1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66, 74, 81
Schlegel Corporation v National Iranian Copper Industries Company, Award,
27 March 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Sea-Land Service, Inc. v Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ports and Shipping
Organizations (PSO), Case No. 33, Award, 22 June 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174–5, 245
Sedco, Inc. v National Iranian Oil Company, Award, 27 March 1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Sempra Energy International v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/16,
Award, 28 September 2007; Decision on Request for Stay of Enforcement,
5 March 2009; Decision on Annulment, 29 June 2010 . . . . . . . . . . .57–8, 133, 178–9, 182,
210, 250, 256, 283, 295
Sergei Paushok, CJSC Golden East Company and CJSC Vostokneftegaz Company v Mongolia,
Award on Jurisdiction and Liability, 28 April 2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132, 147, 151–3
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v Pakistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/13,
Procedural Order, 16 October 2002; Decision on Jurisdiction,
6 August 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 118, 133–4, 140, 143, 147, 150, 174, 247, 251
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v Republic of Paraguay, ICSID
Case No. ARB/07/29, Award, 10 February 2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118–19, 250
SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v Republic of the Philippines, ICSID
Case No. ARB/02/6, Decision on Jurisdiction, 29 January 2004 . . . . . . . . 9, 118–19, 133–4,
143, 247, 249, 251
Siag and Vecchi v Arab Republic of Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/15, Decision on
Jurisdiction and Partial Dissenting Opinion, 11 April 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Siemens A.G. v Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/8, Award,
6 February 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 166–7, 186, 247, 250
Société Ouest Africaine des Bétons Industriels (SOABI) v Senegal, ICSID
Case No. ARB/82/1, Award, 25 February 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173–4
Soufraki v United Arab Emirates, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/7, Decision on Annulment,
5 June 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Southern Pacific Properties (Middle East) Limited (SPP) v Arab Republic of Egypt,
ICSID Case No. ARB/84/3, Decision on Jurisdiction, 14 April 1988; Award,
20 May 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75–6, 114, 117, 162, 170–1, 176, 184, 186, 192,
194–5, 209, 259, 284–7, 289
SPP (Middle East) Ltd v Arab Rep. of Egypt, ICC Award No. 3493, Award,
16 February 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 113, 167, 184, 284
Starrett Housing Corp. v Iran, Interlocutory Award, 19 December 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
SwemBalt AB v Latvia, Award, 23 October 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited v Independent Power Tanzania Limited,
ICSID Case No. ARB/98/8, Award, 12 July 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113, 161
Tecnicas Medioambientales Tecmed S.A. v The United Mexican States, ICSID
Case No. Arb (AF)/00/2, Award, 29 May 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222–3, 239
Texaco Overseas Petroleum Co. & California Asiatic Oil Co. (TOPCO/CALASIATIC)
v Gov’t of the Libyan Arab Republic, Decision on Jurisdiction, 27 November 1975;
Preliminary Award, 27 November 1975; Award, 19 January 1977,
53 I.L.R. 389 (1979) . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25, 69, 75, 115, 165, 167, 189, 191, 206–7, 219–20
Tokios Tokelés v Ukraine, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/18, Decision on Jurisdiction 29 April 2004;
Award, 26 July 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 237–9, 267
Total S.A. v Argentina, Decision on Liability, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/1, 21 December 2010;
Award, IIC 484 (2010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 263
Tradex Hellas S.A. v Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/94/2, Decision on Jurisdiction,
24 December 1996; Final Award, 29 April 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117–18, 176, 188–9, 210
TSA Spectrum de Argentina S.A. v Argentina Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/5,
Award, 19 December 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Unglaube & Unglaube v Republic of Costa Rica, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/1 and ICSID
Case No. ARB/09/20, Award, 16 May 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
xvi Table of Cases
United Pet Group, Inc. v Texas International Property Associates, Case No. D2007-1039,
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, 25 September 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
US v Iran, Case No. B36, Award, 3 December 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Waste Management, Inc. v United Mexican States (Number 2), ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/00/3,
Decision on Venue of the Arbitration, 26 September 2001; Award,
30 April 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 76, 123, 173
Watkins-Johnson Company v Iran, Award, 28 July 1989, Award No. 429-370-1. . . . . . . . . . . 167
Wena v Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/4, Award, 8 December 2000; Decision on
Annulment, 5 February 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 165–6, 170, 174, 183, 185–6, 213, 226–9,
246, 266, 269–70, 273
Wintershall A.G. v Government of Qatar, Partial Award, February 5, 1988; Final Award,
31 May 1988, 28 I.L.M. 795 (1989). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 114, 172–3
Woodruff case, American-Venezuelan Mixed Commission, 1903, IX Reports of
International Arbitral Awards 213 (1903–1905) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
World Duty Free Company Ltd v Republic of Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award,
4 October 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99–100, 161, 201
Zeevi Holdings Ltd v Republic of Bulgaria and The Privatization Agency of Bulgaria,
Final Award, 25 October 2006, UNCITRAL Case No UNC 39/DK . . . . . . . . . . . . 159–60
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
(Bosnia and Herzegovina v Yugoslavia), Counter-Claims, Order, 17 December [1997]
ICJ Rep. 243 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128–30, 140, 148–50, 153
Asylum Case (Columbia/ Peru), Judgment, 20 November, ICJ Rep. 1950, pp. 280-1 . . . . . . . 149
Case Concerning Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Guinea v Congo), Preliminary Objections, ICJ,
24 May 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 258
Case Concerning Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. (United Kingdom v Iran), Judgment, 22 July [1952]
ICJ Rep. 93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 172
Case Concerning Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v Senegal), Judgment,
12 November 1991, [1991] ICJ Rep. 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 120, 273
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic
of the Congo v Uganda), Counter-Claims Order, 29 November [2001] ICJ
Rep. 660 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129, 148–50, 153
Case Concerning Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia (Germany v Poland),
Judgment, 25 May 1926, PCIJ Ser. A No. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Case Concerning Certain Norwegian Loans (France v Norway), Judgment, 6 July 1957,
[1957] ICJ Rep. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Case Concerning Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (United States of America v Italy),
20 July 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Case Concerning Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v Canada), Judgment, 4 December 1998, [1998]
ICJ Rep. 432 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Case Concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali), Judgment of the Chamber,
22 December [1986] ICJ Rep. 554 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Case Concerning Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy) (Counterclaim), Order
of 6 July 2010, ICJ General List No 143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Case Concerning LaGrand (Germany v United States of America), Judgment, 27 June [2001]
ICJ Rep. 466 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224–5, 254
Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and
Bahrain (Qatar v Bahrain), Judgment, 16 March 2001, [2001] ICJ Rep. 40. . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Case Concerning Oil Platforms (Iran v United States of America), Counter-Claim
Order of 10 March [1998] ICJ Rep. 190; Judgment, 6 November 2003, [2003]
ICJ Rep. 161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 148–50
Case Concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited
(Belgium v Spain), Judgment, 5 February [1970] ICJ Rep. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 241–2, 258
Table of Cases xvii
Case Concerning the Land and Maritime Boundary Between Cameroon and Nigeria
(Cameroon v Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening), Order of 30 June 1999. . . . . . . . . 149
Case Concerning the Payment in Gold of Brazilian Federal Loans Contracted in France,
Judgment No. 15, 12 July 1929, PCIJ, Ser. A., No. 21, 1929. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Case Concerning the Payment of Various Serbian Loans Issued in France, PCIJ,
Ser. A., No. 20, 1929 (Judgment No. 14, 12 July 1929). . . . . . 66, 74, 107, 171–2, 214, 220
Commission v Austria and Commission v Sweden, Case C-205/06 and
Case C-249/06 (2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Commission v Ireland, Case C-459/03 [2006] ECR I-4635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Costa v E.N.E.L., Case 6/64, ECJ, Judgment, 15 July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184, 238
Courage Ltd v Bernard Crehan and Bernard Crehan v Courage Ltd and Others, Case
C-453/99 [2001] ECR I-06297 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Defrenne v Sabena, Case 43/75 [1976] ECR 455 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Eco Swiss China Time Ltd v Benetton International NV, Case C-126/97 [1999]
ECR 1 3055 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 203, 260
EFTA Court, Case E-1/07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 238
Kadi and Al Barakaat, Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P [2008]
ECR II-3649 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 301
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 8 July 1996,
[1996] ICJ Rep. 226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Nordsee Deutsche Hochseefischerei GmbH v Reederei Mond Hochseefischerei
Nordstern AG, Case 102/81 [1982] ECR 1095 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v Guatemala), Judgment, 6 April 1955, 1955 ICJ 4 . . . . . . . . 253
N.V. Algemene Transportùen Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend & Loos v Nederlandese
Administratie der Belastungen, Case 26/62 [1963] ECR 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway Case, Judgment, 28 February 1939, PCIJ
Ser. A/B, no. 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Spaans v the Netherlands, European Commission of Human Rights,
Application No. 12516/86, 12 December (1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51–2
Status of Eastern Carelia Case (Fin. v USSR), 1923 PCIJ (Ser. B) No. 5
(Advisory Opinion of 23 July). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Swedish Engine Drivers’ Union v Sweden, EHRR, 6 February 1976,
App. 5614/ 72, Series A, no. 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Van Munster v Rijksdienst voor Pensioenen, Case C-165/91 [1994] ECR I-4661 . . . . . . . . . . 188
NATIONAL COURTS
Belgium
Eureko B.V. v Republic of Poland, Judgment of Court of First Instance of Brussels,
23 November 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32, 82
Benin
Okpeticha v Okpeticha, Constitutional Court, Decision, 17 August 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Canada
Bayview Irrigation District et al. v Mexico, Ontario Superior Court of Justice,
Application for Set Aside, 5 May 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Council of Canadians, CUPW and the Charter Committee on Poverty Issues
v the Attorney General of Canada, Ontario Superior Court of Justice . . . . . 34, 173, 225, 260
Dell Computer Corp. v Union des consommateurs, Supreme Court of Canada,
13 July 2007, 2007 SCC 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Democracy Watch and CUPW v Attorney-General of Canada, 19 May 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Metalclad Corporation v Mexico, British Columbia Supreme Court, Statutory
Review, 2 May 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
xviii Table of Cases
Denmark
Swembalt v Latvia, Review by the Maritime and Commercial Court, Copenhagen,
7 January 2003, 2003:2 Stockholm Arb. Rep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
France
Benvenuti & Bonfant Company v The Government of the People’s Republic of Congo, Court of
Appeals of Paris, France, Judgment, 6 June 1981, 20 I.L.M. 877 (1981) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Hilmarton Ltd v Omnium de Traitement et de Valorisation, Decision No. 484, French
Cour de Cassation, First Civil Chamber (1994), Revue de l’arbitrage 327 (1994),
XX Y.B. Comm’l Arb. 663 (1995). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Messageries maritimes, Court of Cassation, 21 June 1950. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
PrenNreka v Czech Republic, Recours en Annulation, Cour d’Appel de Paris, Judgment, 25
September 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Société PT Putrabali Adyamulia v Société Rena Holding, Cass. Civ., 29 June 2007,
Nos 05-18053 and 06-13293, 24 Arb. Int’l 293 (2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Thales Air Defence B.V v GIE Euromissiles, EADS France and EADS Deutschland GmbH,
CA Paris, 18 November 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Germany
Eureko, Decision of the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht),
10 May 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205–6
Israel
Kurtz and Letushinsky v Kirschen, Supreme Court, 27 June 1967, 47 I.L.M. 212 . . . . . . . . . . 188
Tibi v Government of Israel, HCJ 6230/95 (1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Italy
Ente Nazionale per la Cellulosa v Cartiera Italiana, 24 I.L.R. 12 (1957) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Latvia
Case No. 2004-10-01, Judgment, Riga, 17 January 2005, Constitutional Court . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Netherlands
Bouterse, Supreme Court, 18 September 2001, NJ 2002, 559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Marketing Displays International Inc. v VR, Court of The Hague, March 24, 2005. . . . . . . . . 204
SA Maritime et Commerciale v Netherlands (Nyugat II), Supreme Court,
6 March 1959, NJ 1962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Société Européenne d’Etudes et d’Entreprises v République Fédérative de Yougoslavie,
Decision of 7 November 1975, Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Spaans v Iran-US Claims Tribunal (Dist. Ct The Hague, 9 July 1984), overruling decision
of the Kantonrechter (County Ct Judge) (The Hague, 8 June 1983),
18 Neth. Y.B. Int’l L. 357 (1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Yukos, Gerechtshof Amsterdam, 28 April 2009, LJN: BI 2451, 200.005.269/01 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Pakistan
Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v Pakistan (Civil Appeal Nrs 459 and 460 of 2002),
2002 SCMR 1694 (3 July 2002), ILDC 82 (PK 2002). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182, 188
Sweden
Czech Republic v CME Czech Republic B.V., Svea Court of Appeal, (expert legal opinion
for CME), 15 May 2003, 42 I.L.M. 919 (2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–3, 43, 72, 81, 231–2
Czech Republic v CME Czech Republic B.V., Svea Court of Appeal (expert legal
opinion for CME), TDM 2(5) (2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 72, 109, 231
Rosinvest v Russian Federation, Supreme Court, Case No. Ö 2301-09, Decision,
12 November 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–1, 42
Titan Corporation v Alcatel CIT SA, Decision by the Svea Court of Appeal,
Case No T 1038-0, 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Table of Cases xix
Switzerland
République du Liban v France Télécom Mobiles International S.A., et FTML S.A.L.,
Federal Tribunal Decision I, 10 November 2005; Federal Tribunal Decision II,
10 November 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33, 42
X v Z SA, Supreme Court, 4A 238/2011, 4 January 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
United Kingdom
AIG v Kazakhstan, Decision of the High Court of Justice, 20 October 2005 per [2005]
EWHC 2239 (Comm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Bank Mellat v Helleniki Techniki S.A. [1984] QB 291 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
C v D [2007] EWCA Civ 1282 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chung Chi Cheung v The King [1939] AC 160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Czech Republic v European Media Ventures SA, Decision on Annulment, [2007]
EWHC 2851 (Comm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Dallal v Bank Mellat [1986] 1 QB 441, 2 WLR 745, 1 All ER 239 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ecuador v Occidental, Judgment of the Court of Appeal regarding non-justiciability of
challenge to arbitral award, 9 September 2005, [2005] EWCA Civ 1116 . . . . . . . . . . 33, 226
Gordian Runoff Limited v Westport Insurance Corporation, 1 April 2010 [2010]
NSWCA 57. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Kuwait Airways Corp v Iraqi Airways Co (Nos 4 & 5) [2002] UKHL 10, 2 AC 883 . . . . . . . . . 67
Occidental Exploration and Production Company v Republic of Ecuador, Court of
Appeal, 9 September 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Premium Nafta Products Limited (20th Defendant) and others v Fili Shipping Company
Limited and others [2007] UKHL 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG v Give Star General Trading LLC [2001] EWCA
Civ 68, [2001] 825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Regina v Bartle and the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and Others, ex parte
Pinochet (24 March 1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Republic of Ecuador v Occidental Exploration and Production Company [2005]
EWHC 774 (Comm), 29 April 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 33, 40, 51, 55, 58, 225
Sinclair v Woods of Winchester Ltd (No. 2) [2006] EWHC 3003 (TCC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Smith Ltd v H & S International [1991] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB v Government of the Republic of Lithuania and AB Geonafta,
Court of Appeals, Judgment, 13 November 2006, [2006] EWCA Civ 1529 . . . . . . . .31, 193
United States
Alghanim & Sons v Toys ‘R’ Us, Inc., 126 F.3d 15, 23 (2d Cir. 1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Baker Marine (Nig.) Ltd v Chevron (Nig.) Ltd, 191 F.3d 194, 197 (2d Cir. 1999) . . . . . . . . . . 40
Banco Nacional de Cuba v Sabbatino, 376 U.S. 398 (1964) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Chromalloy Aeroservices Inc. v Arab Republic of Egypt, In re, 939 F.Supp. 907
(D.D.C. 1996). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Comm. of United States Citizens Living in Nicaragua v Reagan, 859 F.2d 929
(D.C.Cir. 1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Doe I v Unocal, 395 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2002), rehearing en banc granted,
395 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2003) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v Mexico, Judgment of the US
District Court for the District of Columbia on petition to set aside the award,
14 February 2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Loucks v Std. Oil Co., 224 N.Y. 99, 110-11, 120 N.E. 198 (1918) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
McKesson Corp. v Islamic Republic of Iran, Civ. Action No. 82-220 (RJL)
(D.D.C. 17 July 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Mitsubishi Motors Corp v Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc., 473 U.S. 614 (1985) . . . . . . . . . .41, 260
Murray v The Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 64 (1804) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
National City Bank of New York v Republic of China, 348 U.S. 356 (1955) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Paquete Habana, The, 175 U.S. 677 (1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Republic of Argentina v BG Group PLC, US Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia, No 11-7021, 17 January 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Roper v Simmons, 125 S.Ct. 1183 (2005). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
xx Table of Cases
Scherk v Alberto-Culver Co., 417 U.S. 506 (1974) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Termo Rio S.A. E.S.P. & Leaseco Group, LLC v Electranta S.P., 487 F.3d 928,
376 U.S. App. D. C. 242 (D.C. Cir. 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
US v Palestine Liberation Organization, 695 F. Supp. 1456 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Wiwa v Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. 2002 WL 319887 (S.D.N.Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Table of Legislation
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Iran Moldova
Civil Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 186 Foreign Investment Act, Governmental
Art 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186–7 Regulation No 482 of 1988 . . . . . . . 176
Art 193 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Netherlands
Art 660 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Arbitration Act (1986) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Art 661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Art 1054(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 81, 84
Art 667 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Art 1058(1)(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Art 674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Civil Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Art 976(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Code of Civil Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Art 1059 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Art 639(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Art 1060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Book 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Commercial Code Constitution
Art 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Arts 91(3), 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
(1979) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 New Zealand
Art 77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Arbitration Act 1996
Art 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Second Sched, s 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table of Legislation xxvii
Nigeria Togo
Arbitration and Conciliation Act Investment Code, Law 85–03, 29 January 1985
s 47(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Art 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Turkey
Norway International Arbitration Law (2001)
Arbitration Act (2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Art 12(c)(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
s 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68
United Kingdom
Panama Arbitration Act 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,
Decree-Law No. 5, 8 July 1999 32–3, 81
Art 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 s 6(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Art 43(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 81 s 34(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Peru s 45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Political Constitution (1993) s 46(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Art 63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 s 46(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 81
Art 71 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 s 47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
s 69. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Poland s 82(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Constitution (1997)
Art 91(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 United States
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA)
Popular Republic of the Congo 1789 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Basic Act of the Military Committee of Constitution (1789) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
the Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Art VI(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,
Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 186–7
South Africa Foreign Immunities Act,
Constitution (1996) 28 U.S.C.A. 1607 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Ch 14, Title 1, s 39(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Restatement (Second) of Conflict of
Ch 14, Title 1, s 232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 84, 106
Ch 14, Title 1, s 233 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Restatement (Second) of the Law of
Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Spain Restatement (Third) of the Foreign
Constitution (1978) Relations Law of the United
Art 96(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102, 183, 188
Sweden Venezuela
Arbitration Act (1999) . . . . . . . . . . 30, 66, 81 Decree Law Nr. 138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
s 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Vietnam
Switzerland Law on Foreign Investment in
Federal Code on Private International Law Vietnam, 29 December 1987
(1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 (including amendments adopted
Art 187(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 83, 85 in 2000)
Art 192(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Arts 25–27, 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
List of Abbreviations
AAA American Arbitration Association
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BIT Bilateral Investment Treaty
CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CRCICA Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration
DIAC Dubai International Arbitration Centre
ECT Energy Charter Treaty
EU European Union
FTA Free Trade Agreement
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICSID International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes/Convention
on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of
Other States
IIA International Investment Agreement
LCIA London Court of International Arbitration
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAI Netherlands Arbitration Institute
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PCIJ Permanent Court of International Justice
SCC Stockholm Chamber of Commerce
TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
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Language: Finnish
Romaani
Kirj.
VEIKKO KORHONEN
Ei saa, kun ei tehdä työtä, sanoo Elia, isäukki. No, kaipa siinä on
sekin, mutta työnteko on vaikeaa, ja siksipä isäkin on ennen käynyt
kauppaa ja äiti on hoitanut taloa.
*****
Eliaan hiukset ja parta olivat jo harmaat. Vartalo oli jo käpertynyt
eikä huolinut, vaikka omistajansa koetti sitä väkivalloin oikoa.
Elian silmissä oli nytkin tuikea ilme, kun katseli siinä poikaansa.
— Sepä se, ettei tee sinä eikä muut. Meillä ei tee muut työtä kuin
Johanna ja äitisi. Hän on tehnyt aina.
— Eikä ole. Johanna löysi meidän säkin sieltä… jossa sitä helvetin
lientä keitetään. Vai vale. Häpeisit!
Ja sitten vilja loppui joka vuosi. Sen mitä meijeristä sait, pane
viljaan ja palkkoihin, ja verot ja muut menot nostivat velkamäärää.
— Hyvä kai sitä on toisten työtä parjata, kun itse ei tee mitään.
— Kyllä minä sen tiedän, että velkaa on talo täynnä, mutta miten
sinä aiot ne velat maksaa?
*****
— Niin, niin.
Gaabriel jatkoi:
— Niinkö…? ja minä kun… minä olen aina uskonut, että Pentti sen
puolesta käy kunnian teitä.
— Enhän minä tahdo olla tuomari, mutta toisin voisit edes nyt jo
menetellä. Sinun pitäisi auttaa Kustaavaa, eikä kiusata häntä aina.
Harvalan maat ovat mitä parhaimpia, ja minä koetan puhua
Pentillekin. Pääsette kyllä pian tasapainoon, jos teissä on vähänkään
tahdon lujuutta.
*****
Kustaava hymähtää:
Ei usein Penttikään.
Hänkin, Harvalan ainoa poika, olisi tahtonut olla sellainen kuin nuo
toiset tuossa. Vaikka ne eivät vieroksuneet nykyaikaista elämää, oli
se heille kuitenkin niinkuin sivuasia, leikinteko, joka ei heidän
työtarmoaan kuluttanut. Hän oli yksin rampa ja raihnainen heidän
joukossaan.
Pentin ilme käy kovaksi, eikä hän välitä, kun toiset pyytävät häntä
leikkiin. Tytöt ovatkin jo kuin kiusoillaan häntä huomaamatta
ottaneet parinsa ja Helenakin on ottanut toisen. Pentti heittää
savukkeensa menemään nyrpeissään ja lähtee tuvan puolelle. Sieltä
tullaan häntä pyytämään ryypyille pihamaan taakse, salaa toisista.
Mikäpä siinä, Pentti ryyppää, juo. Aikuinen mies voi kyllä tyhjentää
kerralla limonaadipullollisen. Kai sitä on juotava, kun kerran
keitetään. Ja sitä keitetään melkein joka toisen talon metsissä, jopa
kartanoillakin, karjakodissa ja kamareissa. Kansa kunnioittaa lakia,
on aina kunnioittanut. Kaupunkilaiset tuottavat ulkoa, juovat kotona
ja ravintoloissa, maalaiset elävät omistaan. Nyt jo saattoi kehua
osaavansa keittää sellainenkin, joka ei ollut ennen maistanut
tippaakaan.
Helena seisoi pöydän ääressä eikä enää hymyillyt. Pentin olo kävi
hieman vaikeaksi.
— Hyvästi sitten.
— Hyvästi!
Pentti löi oven kiinni oikeastaan lujemmin kuin oli aikonutkaan. No,
eipä siitä vahinkoa… Helenan viimeiset sanat kuuluivatkin jo
hävyttömiltä.
Näytti niinkuin pihamaalla olisi kaikki nauranut hänellä. Kuolleet
esineet, reki, kääsit ja liiterien avonaiset ovet. Luuli kuulevansa
melkein räkätystä. Täytyi purra hammasta ja kirota, sylkäistä.
*****
*****