Pokhara University

Faculty of Management Studies

Course Code.: MTH 110 Full marks: 100

Course title: Basic Mathematics Pass marks: 45
Nature of the course: Theory & Practice Time per period: 1 hour
Year, Semester: I, I Total periods: 45
Level: Bachelor Program: BBA

1. Course Description
This course provides an introduction to basic mathematical concepts and techniques that are
essential for understanding and solving problems in business and economics. The course covers
the topics including sets, equations, functions, matrices, and financial mathematics, emphasizing
their applications in business contexts.

2. General Objectives
The course is designed with the following general objectives:
 To acquaint the students with the basic mathematical principles.
 To enable the students for applying mathematical techniques to solve business-related
problems.

 To enhance analytical and critical thinking skills of the students through mathematical
reasoning.

3. Contents in Detail

Specific Objectives Contents

Solve related problems Unit I: Fundamentals of Arithmetics and Algebra (10
hours)
1.1 Basic Arithmetic Operations
1.2 Fractions, Decimals, Ratio, Proportion, and
Percentages
1.3 Integral Exponents, Radicals and Rational
Exponents
1.4 Operations with Algebraic Expressions
1.5 Factoring
1.6 Algebraic Fractions
1.7 Permutation and combination
1.8 Sets
1.9 Real Numbers
• Solve linear equations and Unit II: Linear Equations and Functions (8 hours)
inequalities in one variable 2.1 Solutions of Linear Equations and Inequalities in
• State the domains and ranges of One Variable
functions 2.2 Functions
• Use a graphing utility to graph 2.3 Graphs and Graphing Utilities
 equations 2.4 Linear Functions
• Solve linear equations with a 2.5 Solutions of Systems of Linear Equations (up to
graphing utility Three Equations in Three Variables)
• Find break-even points and market 2.6 Applications of Functions in Business and
equilibrium Economics (Total Cost, Total Revenue, and Profit;
Break-Even Analysis; Supply, Demand, and
Market Equilibrium)

• Solve quadratic equations and Unit III: Quadratic and Other Special Functions (6
inequalities hours)
• Determine whether a vertex of a 3.1 Quadratic Equations (Factoring Methods, the
quadratic function is a maximum Quadratic Formula)
point or a minimum point 3.2 Quadratic Inequalities
• Graph and apply related functions 3.3 Quadratic Functions: Parabolas
• Use a graphing utility to create an 3.4 Business Applications of Quadratic Functions
equation that models the data (Supply, Demand, and Market Equilibrium; Break-
Even Points and Maximization)
• 3.5 Special Functions and Their Graphs: Polynomial
and Rational Functions, Piecewise Defined
Functions
3.6 Modeling; Fitting Curves to Data with Graphing
Utilities
• Model with exponential functions Unit IV: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (6
• Use logarithmic to solve hours)
exponential equations 4.1 Exponential Functions
• Solve problems involving 4.2 Modeling with Exponential Functions
Gompertz curves and logistic 4.3 Logarithmic Functions and Their Properties
functions (Logarithmic Functions and Graphs, Properties of
Logarithms, Change of Base)
4.4 Modeling with Logarithmic Functions
4.5 Solution of Exponential Equations
4.6 Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (Growth and Decay, Economic and
Management Applications, Gompertz Curves and
Logistic Functions).

• Organize and interpret data stored Unit V: Matrices and Determinants (8 hours)
in matrices 5.1 Matrix operations
• Apply matrix operations 5.2 Matrix equations
• Use matrices and determinants to 5.3 Determinants
solve systems of linear equations 5.4 Inverse of a Matrix
• Use Leontief models to solve input- 5.5 Cramer’s Rule
output problems 5.6 Leontief Input-Output Models

• Find the future value and the Unit VI: Mathematics of Finance (10 hours)
amount of interest 6.1 Simple Interest (Simple Interest, Arithmetic
• Compute the future values of Sequences)
ordinary annuities and annuities 6.2 Compound Interest (Compound Interest,
due Geometric Sequences)
• Compute the present values of 6.3 Future Value of Annuities (Ordinary Annuities,
ordinary annuities, annuities due, Annuities Due)
and deferred annuities 6.4 Present Values of Annuities (Ordinary Annuities,
• Develop an amortization schedule Annuities Due, Deferred Annuities)
6.5 Loans and Amortization (Unpaid Balance of a
Loan)

4. Methods of Instruction
Lecture, class work, lab work, project work, assignments

5. Evaluation system and Students’ Responsibilities

Evaluation System
In addition to the formal exam(s) conducted by the Office of the Controller of Examination of
Pokhara University, the internal evaluation of a student may consist of class attendance, class
participation, quizzes, assignments, presentations, written exams, etc. The tabular presentation of
the evaluation system is as follows.

External Evaluation Marks Internal Evaluation Marks

Semester-End 50 Class attendance and participation 5

Examination Project Work 5
Quizzes/assignments and presentations 10
Internal Term Exam 30
Total External 50 Total Internal 50
Full Marks 50+5 100

Students’ Responsibilities:
Each student must secure at least 45% marks in the internal evaluation with at least 80%
attendance in the class to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to obtain such score
will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) and the student will not be eligible to appear in the End-
Term examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes and complete all the
assignments within the specified time period. If a student does not attend the class(es), it is
his/her sole responsibility to cover the topic(s) taught during the period. If a student fails to
attend a formal exam, quiz, test, etc. there won’t be any provision for a re-exam.

6. Prescribed Books and References

Text Books
 1. Harshbarger, R. J., & Reynolds, J. J. Mathematical Applications for the Management, Life,
and Social Sciences. USA: Brooks Cole.
2. Budnick, F. S. Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics and the Social Sciences. New
Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books
1. Haeussler, E. F., Paul, R. S., & Wood, R. J. Introductory Mathematical Analysis for
Business, Economics and the life and Social Sciences. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
2. Shrestha, K. K., & Thagurathi, R. K. Applied Mathematics. Kathmandu: Buddha Academic
Enterprises.