174/2023

Maximum : 100 marks

Time : 1 hour and 30 minutes

1. Primary characteristic of a line in visual art :

(A) It has colour and texture variations
(B) It creates depth and perspective
(C) It is a continuous mark or stroke with direction
(D) It always follows a horizontal orientation

2. What is the complementary colour of blue?

(A) Green (B) Yellow
(C) Orange (D) Red

3. What does texture in visual art refer to?

(A) The temperature of colours
(B) The shape and form of objects
(C) The sense of touch or visual representation of surface quality
(D) The arrangement of elements within a composition

4. The central area of focus or visual interest in a composition is called the :

(A) Vanishing point (B) Focal point
(C) Horizon line (D) Zenith point

5. In visual art, what term refers to the area within, around, or between objects in a
composition:
(A) Form (B) Texture
(C) Space (D) Balance

6. What principle of composition refers to the distribution of visual weight in an artwork?

(A) Harmony (B) Dominance
(C) Emphasis (D) Balance

A 3
[P.T.O.]
7. The technique of using light and shadow to create a sense of depth is known as:
(A) Perspective (B) Dominance
(C) Chiaroscuro (D) Balance

8. What is the term for the pleasing arrangement of parts in a composition to create a sense of
visual agreement?
(A) Dominance (B) Harmony
(C) Proportion (D) Emphasis

9. Which principle of composition involves the repetition of visual elements to create a feeling of
movement?
(A) Rhythm (B) Harmony
(C) Emphasis (D) Dominance

10. The use of relative size and scale of elements in an artwork is related to the principle of:
(A) Harmony (B) Rhythm
(C) Proportion (D) Emphasis

11. In the creative process, which stage involves collecting information, studying, and gathering
ideas?
(A) Incubation (B) Observation
(C) Evaluation (D) Insight

12. Which stage of the creative process involves revisiting and refining an idea with a fresh
perspective?
(A) Elaboration (B) Evaluation
(C) Incubation (D) Insight

13. The Bauhaus movement is associated with which period of art?

(A) Classical art (B) Modern art
(C) Tribal art (D) Folk art

14. Traditional African masks and sculptures are examples of :

(A) Modern art (B) Classical art
(C) Popular art (D) Tribal art

174/2023 4 A
15. Folk art is typically created by:
(A) Highly trained artists (B) Professional artists
(C) Everyday people within a community (D) Academic institutions

16. Classical art often refers to art forms that:

(A) Reject traditional techniques
(B) Break away from cultural norms
(C) Are inspired by nature
(D) Follow established conventions and styles

17. Which art medium uses a slab of limestone and oil-based inks to create images?
(A) Woodcut printing (B) Linocut printing
(C) Etching (D) Lithography

18. The Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo is an example of:

(A) Fresco (B) Oil painting
(C) Acrylic (D) Water colours

19. Andy Warhol's iconic pop art pieces often used which printing technique?
(A) Wood cut printing (B) Screen printing
(C) Linocut (D) Etching

20. Henri Rousseau's ‘The Dream’ is an example of which painting medium?

(A) Oil painting (B) Acrylic
(C) Watercolours (D) Gouache

21. Which method of printmaking utilizes acid to etch lines into a metal plate?
(A) Relief printing (B) Silkscreen printing
(C) Intaglio (D) Lithography

22. The Dinner Party by Judy Chicago is an example of:

(A) Sound Art (B) Installation
(C) Kinetic Art (D) Video Art

A 5 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
23. ‘The History of Mexico’ is a famous ––––––––––– by Diego Rivera :
(A) Oil Painting (B) Installation
(C) Mural Painting (D) Collage

24. ––––––––––– ,is a section of the Vishnu Dharmottara Purana, primarily deals with Painting
and iconography :
(A) Natya Shastra (B) Sivatatva ratnakara
(C) Chitra sutra (D) Narada silpa

25. The ancient Sanskrit text on Architectural Civil Engineering known as ––––––––––– is dated
to around the 6th century CE:
(A) Narada Shilpa shastra (B) Chitra Sutra
(C) Abhilashartha Chintamani (D) Artha Shastra

26. The iconic bronze sculpture ‘Dancing Girl’, discovered in which site of the Indus Valley
Civilization:
(A) Rakhigarhi (B) Harappa
(C) Mohenjo-daro (D) Dholavira

27. What is the name of the well-preserved sandstone capital dating back to the third century
B.C., that can be found inside Rashtra Pati Bhavan and is associated with Mauryan art?
(A) Vaishali Lion Capital (B) Rampurva Bull Capital
(C) Lauriya-Araraj Lion Capital (D) Sankissa Elephant Capital

28. The ‘Dark Princess’ portrayed on the wall of one of the caves at:
(A) Ellora Caves (B) Bhag Caves
(C) Ajanta Caves (D) Sittanavasal caves

29. Where are the Bhimbetka rock art located?

(A) Uttar Pradesh (B) Chhattisgarh
(C) Bihar (D) Madhya Pradesh

30. Who discovered the rock art of Edakkal caves?

(A) Dayaram Sahni (B) Sir Francis Buchanan
(C) Fred Fawcett (D) Captain John Smith

174/2023 6 A
31. Which dynasty is associated with the construction of the Lomas Rishi cave?
(A) Gupta Dynasty (B) Mauryan Dynasty
(C) Chola Dynasty (D) Mughal Dynasty

32. During which historical period is Indian Poet Kalidasa believed to have lived and created his
literary works?
(A) Vedic Period (B) Mauryan Period
(C) Gupta Period (D) Mughal Period

33. ‘The Heliodorus pillar’ is associated with which historical Indian dynasty?
(A) Maurya (B) Gupta
(C) Chola (D) Shunga

34. The statue of Kanishka, is associated with which ancient Indian empire?
(A) Gupta Empire (B) Maurya Empire
(C) Chola Empire (D) Kushan Empire

35. What artistic style heavily influenced Gandhara art, resulting in idealistic realism and
sensuous description of figures?
(A) Egyptian art (B) Mesopotamian art
(C) Hellenistic art (D) Chinese art

36. What historical dynasty is associated with the construction of the Bhutanatha group of
temples at Badami?
(A) Maurya Dynasty (B) Chola Dynasty
(C) Chalukya Dynasty (D) Vijayanagara Dynasty

37. Which architectural style is predominant in the Brihadishvara Temple Thanjavur?

(A) Pallava (B) Chola
(C) Pandya (D) Chera

38. ‘The Descent of the Ganges’ monument is associated with which heritage site?
(A) Ellora Caves (B) Halebidu
(C) Mahabalipuram (D) Ajanta Caves

A 7 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
39. Which temple at Belur is a notable example of Hoysala architecture?
(A) Meenakshi Temple (B) Chennakesava Temple
(C) Brihadisvara Temple (D) Sun Temple

40. Kandariya Mahadeva Temple and other temples at Khajuraho were built during which
dynasty?
(A) Maurya Dynasty (B) Chola Dynasty
(C) Chandela Dynasty (D) Gupta Dynasty

41. Who painted the miniature ‘The family of squirrels in the Chinar tree’ during the Mughal
era?
(A) Farrukh Beg (B) Abu’l Hasan
(C) Ustad Mansur (D) Govardhan

42. ––––––––––– was a renowned artist in the Pahari painting school of Kangra who painted
Hindu Mythological themes in Mughal miniature painting style.
(A) Ustad Mansur (B) Mir Sayyid Ali
(C) Abd al Samad (D) Nainsukh

43. Kalpasutra and Kalakacharya Katha miniature paintings were associated with –––––––––––
religious narratives.
(A) Sikh (B) Buddhist
(C) Hindu (D) Jain

44. The Red Fort is another iconic Mughal architectural masterpiece built by Emperor ––––––––
in the 17th century:
(A) Akbar (B) Humayun
(C) Shah Jahan (D) Jahangir

45. Which Paintings were often created under the patronage of the Maratha and Nayak rulers of
the region in South India in 16th century to 18th century?
(A) Kalamkari Paintings (B) Tanjore paintings
(C) Chola Frescoes (D) Deccan Paintings

174/2023 8 A
46. Who was a Mughal artist who worked for the British East India Company renowned for his
detailed and accurate botanical illustrations?
(A) Sheikh Zain al-Din (B) Bishan Das
(C) Ustad Mansur (D) Govardhan

47. Famous painter Raja Ravi Varma was born in :

(A) 1845 (B) 1848
(C) 1850 (D) 1852

48. Which prominent Bengal School painter painted the artwork depicting “The Last Moments of
Shah Jahan”?
(A) Nandalal Bose (B) Jamini Roy
(C) Mukul Dey (D) Abanindranath Tagore

49. Who among these is not involved in the art movement of the Bombay Progressive Group?
(A) F. N. Souza (B) S. H. Raza
(C) M. F. Husain (D) N. S. Bendre

50. K.C.S. Paniker played a significant role in shaping which art movement?
(A) Bengal School of Art
(B) Madras School of Art
(C) Calcutta Group
(D) Radical Painters and Sculptors Association

51. Which statement is true/false?

(i) Bhupan Khakker uses the idea of Transvestism (the practice of wearing clothes usually
associated with a different gender, especially by a man who sometimes wears the
clothes, make-up, jewelry, etc.) to make a criticism of the fixed gender divisions in our
society
(ii) This is evident in his works ‘janatha watch repairing’ and you can’t please all’
(A) Both (i) and (ii) is true (B) (i) is true and (ii) is false
(C) (ii) is true and (i) is false (D) Both are false

A 9 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
52. Unlike the other Artists of the progressive group like F N Souza and S H Raza, Ara never
garnered fame or Aesthetic appreciation during his time :
(A) Ara was from Andhra Pradesh
(B) Ara was a Dalit and represented such subjectivities in his works. Unlike other
progressive group artists
(C) Ragpickers is considered to a famous painting by the artist, which is a symbolic
representation of his own life
(D) Ara was never progressive in his ideas

53. The movement and vibrant rhythm which is present in this sculptural representation of
Santals in the sculpture ‘Mill Call’ is not a testimony of their primitive energy :
(A) Above statement is True (B) Above statement is False
(C) Neither True nor False (D) Either True or False

54. How did D P Roy Choudari represent workers’ bodies in the sculpture ‘Triumph of labor’?
(i) Homogenized differences of the workers body into an ideal image
(ii) Used abstraction to represent force and labor
(iii) Heroic representation of labor was the hallmark of most of the artist’s works
(A) (ii) is true and (i),(iii) is false (B) (i),(iii) is true and (ii) is false
(C) (i),(ii),(iii) all options are true (D) all options are false

55. Who painted the works ‘Shabari in her youth’, ‘Shabari in her middle age’, Sabari in her old
age, which is based on the mythical figure ‘Sabari’ from a portion of Ramayana, Sabari is
portrayed based on a santhal woman?
(A) Ramkinker Vaij (B) Nandalal Bose
(C) Somnath hore (D) Chittaprosad

56. What is the meaning of “panchavarna,” a term often associated with Kerala’s mural
tradition?
(A) A technique of mixing five pigments
(B) A type of mural artwork
(C) A traditional painting style
(D) Referring to a five-colored color scheme

57. Who is depicted alongside Goddess Parvathi in the Kerala mural in Vaikom temple?
(A) Lord Murugan (B) Lord Brahma
(C) Lord Vishnu (D) Lord Ganesha

174/2023 10 A
58. Some of the images in the Gajendra Moksha panel in Krishnapuram Palace has an influence
of post vijayanagara or Nayaka periods which is evident in the figures of:
(A) Lotus pond and the elephant (B) Two large female figures in the left
(C) The Garuda figure (D) Figure of parvathi

59. What element is rarely used in the color scheme of temple murals in Kerala but prominently
used for depicting Jesus and St. Mary in church murals?
(A) Red (B) Green
(C) Yellow (D) Blue

60. What are the subjects depicted in the large mural panels on the sidewalls of St. Mary’s
Jacobite Syrian Church at Angamali, and how are they arranged?
(A) Scenes of various miracles; Arranged in chronological order
(B) Scenes from the life of St. Mary; Arranged in concentric circles
(C) The Last Judgement and Hell; Arranged in six rows
(D) Scenes from the life of Jesus; Arranged in a mosaic pattern

61. The painting ‘untitled’ by T K Padmini has a depiction of a baby sucking its thumb with toys
scattered around it, the toys are painted in the manner how a child would draw it, what was
T K Padmini referring to with that stylisation of the toys:
(A) A child’s gaze of the world
(B) A elders interpretation of children’s world
(C) A realistic representation of a baby
(D) Abstract depiction of toys

62. What artistic influences played a significant role in K.G. Subramanyan’s early works?
(A) Realism and Impressionism (B) Surrealism and Dadaism
(C) Expressionism and Cubism (D) Romanticism and Classicism

63. In N.N. Rimzon’s artwork “Speaking Stones” (1998), what do the naturally sharp stones
surrounding the crouching nude figure represent?
(A) Elements of nature and tranquility
(B) Symbols of protection and sanctuary
(C) Depictions of historical communal violence
(D) Representations of artistic creativity

A 11 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
64. What was the initial plan of Kanayi Kunhiraman before he decided to create the Yakshi
statue in Malampuzha?
(A) He planned to build a statue of a sacred cow
(B) He intended to create a statue of a mythological goddess
(C) He wanted to sculpt a statue of a historical figure
(D) He initially had no plans for creating a statue in Malampuzha

65. Who is the renowned architect behind the design of the Akademi Complex at Thrissur?
(A) Raja Ravi Varma (B) Laurie Baker
(C) Antoni Gaudi (D) Frank Lloyd Wright

66. In the public sculpture ‘Mukkola Perumal’, how is 'future’ represented symbolically?
(A) Egyptian sculpture (B) Bull
(C) Theyyam/ Thira (D) Bird

67. What was the original name of the institution that later became the College of Fine Arts
Kerala, and what type of artifacts were produced there?
(A) College of Fine Arts Kerala; Paintings and Sculptures
(B) School of Arts; Textiles and Pottery
(C) Dantha Āppis; Ivory artifacts
(D) Industrial School of Arts; Lacquer work and Carvings

68. The prehistoric cave paintings at Lascaux include a remarkable figure known as the “Bird
Man.” What distinguishing characteristics does this ancient artwork possess, and what era is
it generally attributed to?
(A) The figure is shown with a human body and bird head, representing a hybrid
creature. It is attributed to the Paleolithic era
(B) The figure is depicted with wings, symbolizing divine flight. It is attributed to the
Classical era
(C) The figure holds a bow and arrow, symbolizing a skilled hunter. It is attributed to
the Neolithic era
(D) The figure is surrounded by abstract geometric shapes, representing early
symbolic art. It is attributed to the Mesolithic era

174/2023 12 A
69. What is a characteristic feature of the Mesolithic period?
(A) The invention of agriculture
(B) The construction of monumental pyramids
(C) The creation of intricate cave paintings
(D) The use of stone tools and the development of fishing and hunting techniques

70. What is the significance of human-animal hybrids in Paleolithic art?

(A) They symbolize the paradox between humans and animals
(B) They highlight the fundamental difference between humans and animals
(C) They suggest a continuity and merging of human and animal characteristics
(D) They showcase the artistic ability of Paleolithic artists to create complex forms

71. In Bronze and Iron Age societies, what role did metal work primarily play in terms of social
hierarchy and art?
(A) Metalwork was used mainly for religious rituals
(B) Metalwork was a form of egalitarian expression
(C) Metalwork became the preferred medium for displaying social distinction
(D) Metalwork was primarily used for practical purposes like tools and utensils

72. What key characteristic is commonly associated with Greek sculpture of the Classical period?
(A) Elaborate use of bright colors
(B) Frequent depiction of mythological scenes
(C) Emphasis on abstract and geometric shapes
(D) Striving for idealized proportions and naturalistic forms

73. What defining architectural feature is characteristic of Gothic cathedrals and is known for its
verticality and use of pointed arches?
(A) Frescoes (B) Mosaics
(C) Flying buttresses (D) Dome structures

74. Which of the following symbolic motifs was commonly used in early Christian art to
represent Jesus Christ?
(A) A lamb (B) An eagle
(C) A peacock (D) A lion

A 13 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
75. Hieronymus Bosch was known for his intricate and fantastical artworks. Which of the
following terms best describes the style of art that Bosch is associated with even though he is
art historically categorized under early Renaissance?
(A) Baroque (B) Surrealism
(C) Impressionism (D) Rococo

76. What is Piero della Francesca’s artistic style and approach?

(A) His works exhibit a chaotic and disorganized structure
(B) His paintings emphasize emotional and passionate scenes
(C) His art focuses on capturing everyday life and mundane activities
(D) His paintings demonstrate a thoughtful balance between order, doubt, and
movement

77. In Sandro Botticelli’s painting “The Birth of Venus,” what allegorical figure is depicted on the
left side of the canvas, ready to clothe Venus with a floral cloak?
(A) Athena (B) Apollo
(C) Zephyrus (D) Poseidon

78. What concept is illustrated in Leonardo da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man,” where a man is depicted
inside both a circle and a square?
(A) The harmony between the human body and nature
(B) The contrast between man-made structures and natural forms
(C) The connection between human emotions and artistic expression
(D) The depiction of a specific historical figure from ancient Roman architecture

79. What renowned Italian artist created the painting “Venus of Urbino,’’ which depicts a
reclining nude woman in a sumptuously detailed interior?
(A) Michelangelo (B) Leonardo da Vinci
(C) Raphael (D) Titian

80. What biblical story is depicted in the central panel of Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling?
(A) The Creation of Adam (B) The Last Judgment
(C) The Sacrifice of Isaac (D) The Tower of Babel

174/2023 14 A
81. In Leonardo da Vinci’s painting “The Last Supper” which disciple is depicted as being in a
state of shock and protest upon hearing Jesus’ announcement that one of them would betray
him?
(A) Peter (B) John
(C) Thomas (D) Judas

82. What distinguishes Gustave Courbet’s representation of the two men near Maisieres in “The
Stonebreakers” from conventional bourgeois interpretations?
(A) Courbet portrays their situation as a personal tragedy
(B) The painting emphasizes the individual dignity of labor
(C) The artist refrains from imposing his own psychology on the subjects
(D) Courbet focuses on the emotional experiences of the laboring men

83. What artistic techniques did Jean-François Millet use in ‘The Gleaners” to convey the social
commentary of the artwork?
(A) The use of bright colors to emphasize the joy of the laborers
(B) Employing a blurry image of the landlord’s foreman to highlight their importance
(C) Positioning the gleaners in the background to signify their remoteness from the
upper class
(D) Utilizing light, shadow, and composition to emphasize the contrast between social
classes

84. Artemisia Gentileschi an accomplished Baroque painter, gained recognition for her powerful
and dramatic depictions of biblical and mythological subjects. Which characteristic of her
work distinguishes her from many of her contemporaries?
(A) Her use of bright and cheerful color palettes
(B) Her preference for abstract and non-representational compositions
(C) Her emphasis on dynamic, emotionally charged scenes
(D) Her focus solely on portraiture and still-life subjects

85. How does the composition by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in the artwork “The Return of the
Hunters” contribute to its visual depth and engagement?
(A) The painting lacks a clear compositional structure, emphasizing chaos
(B) The composition centers on a single focal point to guide the viewer’s gaze
(C) The painting features a linear perspective with a single vanishing point, creating
depth
(D) The composition is symmetrical, balancing the elements on both sides of the
painting
A 15 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
86. Which of these paintings belong to the Post-impressionism movement?
(A) Potato eaters (B) The stone Breakers
(C) Churches (D) The Gleaners

87. Marcel Duchamp’s enigmatic artwork “The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors. Even’’ is
known for its intricate layers of symbolism and complex narrative. What innovative medium
did Duchamp use to create this artwork?
(A) Oil on Canvas (B) Sculpted Marble
(C) Stained Glass (D) Woodcut Print

88. René Magritte’s thought-provoking artwork ‘The Treachery of Images” challenges our
perceptions and the relationship between language and representation. Which phrase is
famously inscribed in French beneath the image of a pipe in the artwork?
(A) “This is not a pipe” (B) “Pipe Dreams”
(C) ‘‘Smoking is Forbidden” (D) ‘‘Art Imitates Life’’

89. Andy Warhol’s famous art series “Death and Disaster” primarily focused on :
(A) Portraits of celebrities and pop culture icons
(B) Abstract expressionist paintings
(C) Nature and landscape scenes
(D) Depictions of tragic events and accidents

90. In Claude Monet’s painting “Grainstacks” (1890), how does the composition utilize the
arrangement of elements to create a sense of depth and separation between the different
parts of the scene?
(A) The sky dominates the entire canvas, making the grain stacks appear smaller
(B) The biggest grain stack is placed in the middle foreground, with smaller stacks
behind it
(C) The trees on the right edge of the composition create a sense of balance
(D) The setting sun is prominently depicted, casting shadows on the grain stacks

91. What was the subject of the lithograph titled “Sorrow” created by Van Gogh?
(A) A pensioner drinking coffee
(B) An elderly man at eternity’s gate
(C) A seated laborer cutting bread
(D) A hunched naked figure of a prostitute

174/2023 16 A
92. In Édouard Manet’s painting “Olympia,” what is the significance of the presence of the
maidservant and the black cat in the composition?

(A) The maidservant symbolizes servitude and the black cat represents bad luck

(B) The maidservant highlights the contrast between Olympia’s luxurious lifestyle
and the working class, while the cat adds an element of mystery

(C) The maidservant is a representation of fertility, while the black cat is a symbol of
independence and sensuality

(D) The maidservant and the black cat both suggest the idea of intimacy and
companionship in Olympia’s world

93. Walter Benjamin’s essay “Theses on the Philosophy of History” references Paul Klee’s
artwork “Angelus Novus.” How does Benjamin interpret the angel in Klee’s artwork and
what broader concept does he associate with it?

(A) The angel symbolizes transcendence and spiritual salvation

(B) The angel represents progress and the future of humanity

(C) The angel embodies the concept of eternal recurrence

(D) The angel signifies the destructive forces of history

94. In Albrecht Dürer’s painting “Melancholia,” what object does the central figure sit beside?

(A) A globe (B) A mirror

(C) An hourglass (D) A musical instrument

95. In the analysis of Gustave Courbet’s “The Stonebreaker” why does the decision not to show
the faces of the laborers raise questions, and how does this relate to broader themes in
Courbet’s works?

(A) The choice to hide the workers’ faces reflects a lack of artistic expertise

(B) The obscured faces symbolize the artist’s preference for abstract representation

(C) This decision is indicative of Courbet’s inclination toward distant perspectives

(D) The concealed faces underscore the anonymity of labor and connect to recurring
themes in Courbet’s art

A 17 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
96. In Paul Cézanne’s “The Card Players,” what role do the colors play in creating visual contrast
and unity within the composition?
(A) The colors are used primarily to create a sense of chaos and disarray
(B) The colors serve to emphasize the realistic depiction of the card players’ clothing
(C) The colors establish a sense of harmony and coherence by balancing warm and
cool tones
(D) The colors are used solely for symbolic purposes, representing different emotional
states of the characters

97. What is the significance of Marcel Duchamp’s artwork “L.H.O.O.Q.”?

(A) It is a traditional oil painting of a famous historical figure
(B) It is a sculpture made from marble and bronze
(C) It challenges conventional ideas of art and originality by defacing a postcard of the
Mona Lisa
(D) It is a landscape painting depicting a serene countryside scene

98. What significant shift did artist Philip Guston make in his work during the mid-1960s?
(A) Embracing Abstract Expressionism as his preferred style
(B) Transitioning from figurative art to pure abstraction
(C) Incorporating classical themes into his paintings
(D) Repudiating abstraction and creating figurative paintings resembling comic-strip
imagery

99. What is the significance of Keith Haring’s street mural “Crack is Wack”?
(A) It is a depiction of urban landscapes in New York City
(B) It is an example of traditional art that Hating studied in New York
(C) It portrays the rise of the underground art movement in the 1980s
(D) It serves as a graphic warning against the dangers of crack cocaine abuse and
addresses social issues of the period

100. In Jean-Michel Basquiat’s artwork “Irony of Negro Policeman (1981),” how does the artist’s
depiction of skeletal figures and diminishing flesh contribute to the overall theme of the
artwork?
(A) It highlights the celebration of external appearances
(B) It critiques the commodification of cultural artifacts
(C) It explores the tragic dimensions of black life
(D) It emphasizes the aesthetics of the “fleshy” black body

————————

174/2023 18 A
 SPACE FOR ROUGH WORK

A 19 174/2023
[P.T.O.]
 SPACE FOR ROUGH WORK

174/2023 20 A