Current Electricity

Mind Map
Electric Current , Resistance and Cells
Drift Velocity
Mobility
Resistance
Resistivity
Cell
Ohm’s Law
Formulae
Objective Type Question
 Short Answer Type Question
1. What do you mean by colour code of carbon resistance?
1. What do you mean by colour code of carbon resistance?

Ans : Since, the carbon resistors are very small in size, due to this
reason the value of resistance of resistors indicated by the colour
rings on the surface.
2. Two resistors of resistance ratio 3 : 4 are connected in parallel.
Compare the magnitude of heat produced in them.
2. Two resistors of resistance ratio 3 : 4 are connected in parallel.
Compare the magnitude of heat produced in them.

𝑅1 3
Ans : Given =
𝑅2 4
𝑉 2 .𝐼
∵𝐻=
𝑅
𝐻1 𝑅2 4
∴ = = .
𝐻2 𝑅1 3
3. Four 12Ω resistances are connected in parallel. Three such
combinations are connected in series. What will be the total
resistance?
3. Four 12Ω resistances are connected in parallel. Three such
combinations are connected in series. What will be the total
resistance?

Ans : Four, resistance 12Ω connected in parallel

1 1 1 1 1 4
∴ = + + + =
𝑅1 12 12 12 12 12
𝑅1 = 3Ω
∴ In series 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = (3+3+3) = 9Ω.
4. Using theory of drift velocity, express Ohm’s law.
4. Using theory of drift velocity, express Ohm’s law.
Ans : As we know that
𝐼
𝑉𝑑 (drift velocity) =
𝑛𝑒𝐴
where e = electron has charge 1.6× 10−19 𝐶
n = number of electrons per unit volume.
A = area of cross-section
𝑒𝐸𝜏 𝑒𝑉𝜏 𝑉
or, 𝑉𝑑 = = ∴𝐸=
𝑚 𝑚𝑙 𝑙
𝑒𝑉𝜏 2 𝐴𝜏
𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝐴 = 𝑛𝑒 𝑉
𝑚𝑙 𝑚𝑙
𝑉 𝑚𝑙
or, = = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅
𝐼 𝑛𝑒 2 .𝐴𝜏
where R = resistance of conductor
V∝𝐼
This is the ohm’s law.
5. A bulb rated 100W, 220V is connected across 240 Volt.
Calculate electric power loss. Extra wattage = 19W
5. A bulb rated 100W, 220V is connected across 240 Volt.
Calculate electric power loss. Extra wattage = 19W

(220)2
Ans : Resistance of bulb = = 484Ω
100
𝑉2 (240)2
Electrical power loss in bulb = = = 119 𝑊.
𝑅 484
6. A wire of resistivity ‘𝜌’ is stretched to double its length. What will
be its new resistivity?
6. A wire of resistivity ‘𝜌’ is stretched to double its length. What will
be its new resistivity?

Ans : No change in the resistivity because the resistivity is

independent from the length of conductor. Its only depends on the
nature of material.
7. Write the expression for the resistivity of the conductor and
explain each of the expression.
7. Write the expression for the resistivity of the conductor and
explain each of the expression.

Ans : The expression for the resistivity is given by

𝑅𝐴 𝑚
𝜌= = 2
𝑙 𝑛𝑒 𝜏
where R = resistance of conductor
A = area of cross-section
𝑙 = length of conductor
m = mass of electron
n = no. of electrons per unit volume
𝜏 = relaxation time.
8. State and explain Thomson or Seebeck effect.
8. State and explain Thomson or Seebeck effect.
Ans : Thomson effect :
Statement : The absorption or evolution of heat along the length of
a conductor on passing current through it, when its two ends are
kept at different temperature is known as Thomson effect.
There are three type of Thomson effect.
(i) Negative Thomson effect
(ii) Positive Thomson effect
(iii)Zero Thomson effect
Seeback effect :
Statement : The phenomenon of generation of an electric current
in a thermos couple by keeping its junction at different temperature
is called Seebeck effect.
9. Write any two factors on which thermo e.m.f. produced in
thermocouple depends.
9. Write any two factors on which thermo e.m.f. produced in
thermocouple depends.

Ans : There are following two factor on which thermo e.m.f.

produced in thermocouple –
(i) It depends upon temperature difference between both end of
thermocouple.
(ii) Thermo e.m.f. is directly proportional Electronegativity and
electropositivity of thermocouple metal.
10. Explain parallel grouping of resistors.
10. Explain parallel grouping of resistors.

Ans : In parallel grouping of resistors, the potential difference of

each resistors are same, but current be different.
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
The equivalent-resistance is always less than the individual
resistance.
 Long Answer Type Question
1. Establish expression for heat produced in a conductor due tpo
flow of current. What do you mean by electric power and electric
energy ?
1. Establish expression for heat produced in a conductor due tpo
flow of current. What do you mean by electric power and
electric energy ?
Ans : Expression for heat produced in a conductor due to flowing
of current: Suppose a conductor having resistance R and carrying
current 𝐼. Due to flowing of current (𝐼) , the heat is produced in the
conductor is H.
Suppose conductor is connected by a cell of potential difference V.
∴ 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑉. 𝑞
This work done is converted into the heat according to first law of
thermodynamics
H=W=V.q
Let q be the charge flowing in time ‘t’
Therefore,
𝑞
electric current (𝐼) =
𝑡
∴ q = 𝐼t
H = V𝐼t
According to Ohm’s law
V = 𝐼𝑅
∴ 𝐻 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝑡
This is the expression for heat produced by the current. This heat
is also depends on the resistance of conductor and the time of
duration.
Electric power : The rate of consume the electrical energy in the
any electrical circuit is called electric power.
 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Electric power =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Its SI unit is watt (W)
𝑊 𝑉𝐼𝑡
p= = = 𝑉𝐼
𝑡 𝑡
Electric power = Electric current × 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
Electric energy : The amount of energy is consumed in the any
electrical circuit due to flowing the electric current is called electric
energy. It is always measured in kilowatt hour (kWh). This unit is
also called B.T.U.
Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge and their Application
Objective Type Question
 Short Answer Type Question
1. What is the value of I in the given circuit?
 Short Answer Type Question
1. What is the value of I in the given circuit?

Ans : According to first law of Kirchhoff,

sum of incoming current = sum of outgoing current
(7 + 5 + 2) = (𝐼 + 3)
or, 𝐼 = 11A
2. State Kirchhoff’s two laws for electrical network.
2. State Kirchhoff’s two laws for electrical network.

Ans : First law – Any network circuit the algebraic sum of the
electric currents meet at point is zero.
i.e., Ʃ𝐼 = 0
(i) This law obeys law of conservation of charge.
(ii) This law is also called point rule.
Second law – In any mesh (or closed circuit), the algebraic sum of
the product of electric current and resistance of every branches is
equal to the algebraic sum of the e.m.f. of cells in circuit.
Ʃ𝐼𝑅 = Ʃ𝑒. 𝑚. 𝑓.
(i) This law obeys law of conservation of energy.
(ii) This law is also known as loop rule.
3. Explain that Kirchhoff’s second law is law of conservation of
energy.
3. Explain that Kirchhoff’s second law is law of conservation of
energy.

Ans : Kirchhoff’s second law is based on the conservation of

energy where by voltage is defined as the energy per unit charge.
The total amount of energy gained per unit charge must be equal
to the amount of energy lost per unit charge as energy and charge
are both conserved.
4. Write colour code of carbon resistance for orange and yellow
colours.
4. Write colour code of carbon resistance for orange and yellow
colours.
Ans : Since colour table given as
Colour code
B Black 0
B Brown 1
R Red 2
O Orange 3
Y Yellow 4
G Green 5
B Blue 6
V Violet 7
G Gray 8
W White 9

∴ 𝑂𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 − 3
Yellow – 4
 Long Answer Type Question
1.What is Wheatstone bridge? Explain its use in detail.
1.What is Wheatstone bridge? Explain its use in detail.
Ans : Wheatstone bridge – It is an arrangement of four resistors
which can be used to measure the resistance of one of the
resistors in term of the other three.
Uses :
(i) Wheat stone bridge is in the metre bridge.
(ii) Wheat stone bridge is used for the unknown resistance.
(iii)Wheat stone bridge is also used in the Potentiometer.
2. State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws. Applying this law, obtain the
balanced condition of Wheatstone’s bridge.
Define Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical circuit. Derive an expression
for a balanced Wheatstone’s bridge using Kirchhoff’s law.
2. State and explain Kirchhoff’s laws. Applying this law, obtain the
balanced condition of Wheatstone’s bridge.
Define Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical circuit. Derive an expression
for a balanced Wheatstone’s bridge using Kirchhoff’s law.
Ans : Kirchhoff’s laws of electricity –
First law – statement – In any network circuit, the algebraic sum
of the electric current is zero.
i.e., Ʃ𝑙 = 0
This law obeys law of conservation of charge.
Second law – In any mesh, the algebraic sum of the product of
resistance and current of every branches is equal to the algebraic
sum of the e.m.f. of cells in circuit.
Ʃ𝐼𝑅 = Ʃ𝑒. 𝑚. 𝑓.
This law obeys law of conservation of the energy.
Expression :
Meter Bridge, Potentiometer and their application
 Short Answer Type Question
1. Write down two uses of potentiometer.
1. Write down two uses of potentiometer.

Ans : Potentiometer is used for

(a)Comparing the e.m.f. of two cells
(b)Determination of internal resistance of cell.
 Long Answer Type Question
1. Find out the expression of the comparison of e.m.f.s of two cells
by a potentiometer.
 Long Answer Type Question
1. Find out the expression of the comparison of e.m.f.s of two cells
by a potentiometer.
Ans :