SECOND TRIP ABROAD

• May 13, 1888: Rizal was in Albany

• May 13, 1888: Rizals grand transcontinental trip ended at exactly 11:10am

• May 13: Rizal was in New York

• May 16, 1888: left NY for Liverpool on board the steamer “the city of rome”

• Rizal’s good and bad impressions of America:

• Good impression-

• Material progress. All the cities he went to were flourishing.

• The drive and energy of the Americans

• The natural beauty of the land

• The high standard of living and the opportunities of a better life

• The only bad impression of Rizal was that there was no racial equality in America

Rizal in London(1888-89)

• After visiting the US Rizal lived in London for one year

• Reasons why he chose this English city

• To improve his knowledge of English language

• To study Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas(only available at the British Museum)

• London was a safe place to continue his fight against Spanish tyranny

• Continued to write for La Solidaridad in defense of his people against spain

• Made a letter for the young women of Malolos

• Had a romance with Gertrude Beckett

• Won a lot of friends during his trans-atlantic voyage from NY to Liverpool

• Entertained Europeans and American passengers with his yo-yo

• May 24, 1888: Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England

• Lived in Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor’s house for a while.

• Eventually found a boarding place, he was a boarder of the Beckett family

• Rizal did most of his research at the British museum

Good and Bad news reached Rizal from home

1. Persecution of Filipinos who signed the Anti-Friar petition

2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants including Rizal’s family and relatives

3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Spanish senators

4. Rizals brother in law was exiled to Bohol

• A friend of Rizal was arrested and jailed in Bilibid prison for keeping a copy of Noli.

• 1. The good news that reached rizal was the defense of Noli by Rev. Vicente Garcia against
the friars.

• Annotating Morga’s book was considered his greatest achievement during his stay in
London

• Early September 1888, Rizal visited Paris for a week for research

• Rizal was entertained by Juan Luna and his wife during his stay in London

• December 1888: Rizal visited Barcelona and Madrid

• This was where Rizal first met Marcelo H Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce(two titans of the
propaganda movement)

• Rizal returned to London and spent Christmas and New year’s day there

• December 31, 1888: Asociacion La Solidaridad was inaugurated. Rizal was chosen
honorary president

• February 15, 1889: La Solidaridad in Barcelona was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena

• Rizals first article in the La Solidaridad was entitles Los Agricultores Filipinos. Published
march 25,1889.
• Wrote the Tagalog version of The women of malolos on Feb 22 1889. This letter was about
the Filipino woman and their rights

• Had a romantic interlude with Gertrude Beckett

• The relationship did not last long for Rizal had a mission to accomplish in life

• Before he left London Rizal finished four sculptural work

• 1. Prometheus bound

• 2. The triumph of death over life

• 3. The triumph of science over death

• 4. A carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters

• March 19, 1889: left London for paris

• Rizal was sad, he had so many fun memories during his stay in London

Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889

• Rizal had a hard time looking for living quarters in Paris

• For a short time Rizal lived in the house of his friend Valentin Ventura. This was where he
polished the annotated edition of Morga’s book

• He was able to find a room and lived with two other Filipinos, Captain Justo Trinidad and
Jose Albert

• In spite of a joyous lifestyle in Paris, Rizal kept himself busy. Continued researching. Spent
most of his time at the National Library

• During his spare time he spent time with his friends and usually had dinner together

• May 6, 1889: Exposition of paris opened. Rizal was fascinated

• March 19, 1889: Kidlat club was formed by Rizal

• The kidlat club was then replaced by Indios Bravos

• Another secret society the Rizal formed was the R.D.L.M.

• Paris 1890: annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos was published

• All those time that Rizal spent in the National museum helped him enrich his knowledge in
history

• Rizal wrote the “Philippines within a colony”

• Wrote the essay”Indolence of the Filipinos”

• Rizal was planning to establish a modern college in Hong Kong

Rizal left Paris

• On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium.

• Two reasons why Rizal left Paris.

• The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the Universal Exposition.

• The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works.

Life in Brussels

• Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels. They lived in a modest
boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne. Later Albert left the city, and was replaced by
Jose Alejandro, an engineering student.

• In Brussels, Rizal was busy writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo which is a
continuation of the Noli. Aside from writing its chapters, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad.

Articles Published in La Solidaridad

• “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 90, 1889

• “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All), May 31, 1889

• “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo” June 15 ,1889

• “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31,1889

• “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889

• “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889

• “Diferencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889

• “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889

• “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and laughter), November 30, 1889

• “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890

Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipino for Gambling

• In Brussels, Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura that the Filipinos in
Spain were destroying the good name of their nation by gambling too much. This urged Rizal to
do something about it. Rizal wrote to M.H. Del Pilar on May 28 , 1890 to remind the Filipinos in
Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherland’s freedom.

Bad news from home and preparation to go home

• Letters from home which Rizal received in Brussels worried him. The Calamba agrarian
trouble was getting worse. The management of Dominican hacienda continually raised the land
rents until such time that Rizal’s father refused to pay his rent. The Domincan Order filed a suit
in court to dispossess the Rizal family of their lands in Calamba.

• In the face of sufferings which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home. He could not
not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives, and friends in the Philippines
were persecuted. Rizal wrote a letter to Ponce, dated July 18, 1890, he expressed his
determination to go home

Decision to go to Madrid

• All his friends were horrified by Rizal’s plan to return to the Philippines. They warned him
of the danger that awaited him at home. But Rizal ignored the dire warning of his friends.
Something, however, happened that suddenly made him change his mind. It was a letter from
Paciano which related that they lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila, but they appealed
it to the Supreme Court in Spain, hence a lawyer was needed to handle it in Madrid. Rizal wrote
to M.H. del Pilar on June 20, 1890 retaining the latter’s services as lawyer. He further informed
M.H. del Pilar that he was going to Madrid , in order to supervise the handling of the case. In
another letter to Ponce, written at Brussels, July 29, 1890, Rizal announced that he was leaving
Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrived in Madrid about the 3rd or
4th August.
Bad news from home and preparation to go home

• Letters from home which Rizal received in Brussels worried him. The Calamba agrarian
trouble was getting worse. The management of Dominican hacienda continually raised the land
rents until such time that Rizal’s father refused to pay his rent. The Domincan Order filed a suit
in court to dispossess the Rizal family of their lands in Calamba.

• In the face of sufferings which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home. He could not
not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives, and friends in the Philippines
were persecuted. Rizal wrote a letter to Ponce, dated July 18, 1890, he expressed his
determination to go home

Decision to go to Madrid

• All his friends were horrified by Rizal’s plan to return to the Philippines. They warned him
of the danger that awaited him at home. But Rizal ignored the dire warning of his friends.
Something, however, happened that suddenly made him change his mind. It was a letter from
Paciano which related that they lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila, but they appealed
it to the Supreme Court in Spain, hence a lawyer was needed to handle it in Madrid. Rizal wrote
to M.H. del Pilar on June 20, 1890 retaining the latter’s services as lawyer. He further informed
M.H. del Pilar that he was going to Madrid , in order to supervise the handling of the case. In
another letter to Ponce, written at Brussels, July 29, 1890, Rizal announced that he was leaving
Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrived in Madrid about the 3rd or
4th August.

Rizal Arrived in Madrid

• On August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid, Spain.

• Rizal failed to seek justice for his family and the Calamba tenants.

• Dissapointment piled on Rizal from the two fought duels with Antonio Luna and
Wencenslao Retana. His fiance also left him and married a british engineer.

• Jose Rizal displayed resilient strength of character and survived.

Failure to get justice for family

• Rizal immediately asked for help of the filipino colony to seek justice for his family and for
the oppressed Calamba tenants.
• Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspapers help fight securing justice
for the Calamba tenants and Rizal’s family.

• Terrible news reached Rizal in Madrid as he was fighting for justice. Rizals brother in law,
Silvestre Ubaldo received a copy of ejecment order by the dominicans against Franciso Rizal and
other Calamba tenants.

• In desperation, Rizal sought the aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen, who were former
members of the ministry. Unfortunately they just gave honeyed words of sympathy, and nothing
else.

• Rizal was urged to see Queen Regent Maria Cristina, but with the lack of gold and
connections, Rizal was unable to do so.

Rizal’s Eulogy to Panganiban and his duels

• Rizal was devastated by the death of his friend, Jose Ma. Panganiban. He died on August
19, 1890, after a lingering illness

• After the death of Jose Ma. Panganiban Rizal wrote a great eulogy to Panganiban

• August, 1890, Rizal attended a social reunion of the Filipinos in Madrid and had with a
fight with Atonio Luna.

• Rizal challenged Retana to a duel. Retana is a talented Spanish scholar and Rizal’s bitter
enemy of the pen

• Late 1890 there arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal and M.H. del Pilar for
supremacy. An election took place Rizal won but declined the coveted position and left Madrid.

Failure to get justice for family

• Rizal immediately asked for help of the filipino colony to seek justice for his family and for
the oppressed Calamba tenants.

• Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspapers help fight securing justice
for the Calamba tenants and Rizal’s family.
• Terrible news reached Rizal in Madrid as he was fighting for justice. Rizals brother in law,
Silvestre Ubaldo received a copy of ejecment order by the dominicans against Franciso Rizal and
other Calamba tenants.

• In desperation, Rizal sought the aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen, who were former
members of the ministry. Unfortunately they just gave honeyed words of sympathy, and nothing
else.

• Rizal was urged to see Queen Regent Maria Cristina, but with the lack of gold and
connections, Rizal was unable to do so.

With the Bousteads in Biarritz

• Rizal arrived in Biarritz at the beggining of February, 1891 and was welcomed by the
Bousteads family. The one month vacation made Rizal forget the bitter memories in Madrid and
had an affection for Nelly Boustead

• On March 29, 1891 his departure from Blumentritt he finished the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo

To Paris and back to Brussels

• On March 30, 1891 Rizal went back to Paris and stayed at the home of his friend, Valentin
Ventura, on 4 Rue de Chateaudum and wrote Jose Ma. Basa in Hong Kong on April 4 expressing
his desire to go to British Colony to practise aphthalmology in order to earn his living.

• By mid of April, 1891 Rizal went back to Brussels and was welcomed by the Jacoby sisters

• From Brussels on May 1, 1891 he notified the Propaganda authorities of his retirement.
Rizal also immediately stopped writing for the La Solidaridad after his retirement.

• On May 30, 1891 the revision of the El Fili was completed and was ready for Published.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT

October,1887 – Jose Rizal begun writing El Fili. While practicing medicine in Calamba.
• 1888- in London he made changes in the plot and add more characters in Paris and Medrid. He
finished his manuscript in Biarriztz on March 19, 1891
• three years have spent to finish this novel
• July 5,1891 – Rizal left Brussels for Ghent because
1. The cost of printing there was cheaper than Brussels
2. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne.
• Jose Alejandro (form Pamp.) and Edilberto Evangelista (from Manila)- his competitors
• Owning a limited funds Rizal board at a cheap boarding house with Alejandro.
Tea, sugar, alcohol and a box of biscuits – is divided to save money
• F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS – is the press found by Rizal to publish his novel. He pawned
his jewels in order to pay down payment. Our hero became running low of budget. But he
received money from basa and P200 from Rodrigues Arias for the copies of Monrga’s Sucesos
sold in Manila.
• On August 6 – he suspended the publish of the novel because of the lack of funds. On this date
he wrote a letter to Basa in Hong Kong enclosing clipping, the secong part is advanced and
stoped at page112.
• Ventura, savior of the Fili – same as the novel in Noli Rizal became broke and he wants to burn
his work but whenever he realize there still more people who love their country
• Valentin Ventura in Paris gave Rizal funds to resume the novel.

September 18,1891 came off the press, immediately sent two copies to hongkong and Basa other
for Sixto Lopez
• Jose Rizal sent the orig. manuscript to Valentin who load to publish the novel
• He also sent copies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, G. Lopez Jaena, TH Padro De Travera,
Antonio and Juan Luna and more
• El Nevo Regimen issued about the novel of October.
• Dedicated to Gom-bur-za – students, travelers, OFW
• 10 000 – valentine Venture, 279 pages of long sheets of paper

Ophthclmic surgron in Hong Kong

Rizal went to hong kong after the novel published from europe. He left Europe because of the ff.
1. life was unbearable in Europe because of his political diff. with MH del and other fillipino in
spain.
• 2.to be near his idolized philippines and family.
• October 3, 1891 - he left for hong kong.
• two weeks publication of el fili he went to paris to say good bye to lunasm pardo de taveras,
Venturas and other friends,
• German ladies was gossiping about Rizal because he is alone and the only asian in the train.
though Rizal can understand german he didnt bother.

suddenly the train door opened and a German said if Rizal is such a gentleman he would close
the door for them then after Rizal heard it he stood up
• And close it. Afterward he talk to the German ladies and they were embarrassed.
November 20 1891- he arrived in hongkong welcoming him with Filipino relatives
December 1, 1891 - Rizal is asking a permission to go back to Philippines.
25 persons from calamba with Neneng, Sisa,Lucia, Paciano, and his father was caught too.
• Queen Regent of Spain- Hidalgo also states that we wants to ensure justice. but the queen won't
listen
before Christmas of 1891- this father arrived and his brother in law named Silvestre Ubaldo
afterwards his mother and sisters followed though her mother is almost blind because of
the Spaniards.
• Ophthalimic Surgeon - he studied in hongkong and had a friend dr named Lorenzo P.
Marques who helped him build a wide clientele and the dr. always turned over of eye cases.
Brithish, Chinese, Portuguese and americans was his clients.
Finally the vision of the mother of rizal was able to see because of himself

• Writing in Hong kong – Ang karapatan nang tao. La Nacion Espanola. Sa Mga Kababayan.
Decision to return to Manila- May 1892 Rizal Made up his mind. This decision surprised the ff.
1. To confer with Governador Despujol regarding his borneo colonization project.
2. To establish Liga Filipina in manila
3.To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid.

• Last HongKong Letters – June 19, they celebrated the bday of Rizal in hong kong
June 20, he wrote a letter for his death he gave it to Dr, Marques to be open after his death.
Rizal falls into Spanish trap- anti religious and anti patriotic agitation.