Lesson 1 Narration

READING AND WRITING
Patterns of Development
in Writing: Narration
MODULE 1
Lesson Objectives
1 2 3
determine the analyze the given apply the structure
construct of a narrative paragraph; into your own
narrative; and narrative.
How do you define...
Reading?
Reading
Reading is the process of looking at written
symbols and letters and understanding the
meaning of them.
It's one of the four main language skills

alongside listening, speaking and writing.
Reading is usually the third language skill

that you learn in your native language - it
comes after listening and speaking.
Reading
To be able to read, we need to be able to:
identify the words we see (word

recognition);
understand what they mean
(comprehension);
connect words and their meaning so
that reading is automatic and accurate
(fluency).
Writing?
Writing
It is the process of using symbols (letters of the
alphabet, punctuation and spaces) to communicate
thoughts and ideas in a readable form.
It is any conventional system of marks or signs

that represents the utterances of a language.
Writing renders language visible.
Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be

used to convey meaning.
Writing is the act of composing a text.

Pretest!
DIRECTIONS: Tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
1. Narration is giving and sharing arguments.
2. The conflict in the story is the problem to be solved.
3. The setting of the story is the time and place.
4. The theme is the central idea or truth in the story.
5. The plot signals the protagonist and the antagonist.

ANSWER:
DIRECTIONS: Tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE.
F 1. Narration is giving and sharing arguments.
T 2. The conflict in the story is the problem to be

solved.
T 3. The setting of the story is the time and place.
T 4. The theme is the central idea or truth in the story.
F 5. The plot signals the protagonist and the

antagonist.
Narration?
Narration
Narration is one pattern of
development in writing. It is basically
a skill of chronologically telling a story
of events or experience or experience
that signaled by transition devices
(like first, then, soon, after, and
suddenly maintain coherence and show
movement of actions).
Narrative
A written text or paragraph that tells a
story about something that happened
to you or to someone else, or about
something that you saw or read.
Elements of a
Narrative
Setting
It plays a vital role in establishing the time and place
where the story is happening.
It is the place, time, and the social milieu or

environment (physical, location, climate weather or
social and cultural surrounding), in which the acts
and scenes occur.
Character
people, animals, or even ideas that are portrayed by
the actors in a play or drama
are what make stories. Without them, there is no

story to tell, only a lot of scenery
characters play a dominant role in this genre and

deserve close attention
The characters in a story can generally be divided into

major characters and minor characters, depending
on how important they are in the plot.
Protagonist
The main character, around which the whole story of
the drama/play revolves.
The good main character in the story.
They are all vital and serve as the center of the story.
Antagonist
The character who actively oppose or hostile to
protagonists.
They are the principal source of conflict for the

leading characters.
Rounded Characters
They can be associated with characters who are
complex.
They can be both likeable and unlikeable because they

have a diverse set of attitudes, behaviors and beliefs.
They are lifelike figures with complex, multifaceted

personalities. They possess depth and dimension, and
often undergo personal development over the course
of a story.
Rounded Characters
Round characters are considered an asset to any
narrative as they:
Make stories more realistic and authentic in their
emotion. They have behaviors and personalities we
recognize from real life.
Generate intrigue via their complexities and
surprising actions. We want to know more about
them.
Are memorable and relatable. We identify and
empathize with them and become invested in the
outcome of their story.
Sample Rounded Characters
Round characters will often feature:
Personalities with multiple facets and depths
Internal conflict
Flaws and Contradiction
Emotional development and discovery
Severus Snape Seong Gi-Hun

Harry Potter Series Squid Game
Flat Characters
A flat character is a two-dimensional character
lacking depth or a real personality. Usually, flat
characters have just one or two perfunctory traits.
Often considered “stock characters,” flat characters
can often be summarized in one word (like “bully” or
“love interest”) and never digress from or transcend
their role.
Flat Characters
A good story is never made up of mostly flat
characters. A good story needs to have a balance of
round and flat characters.
Flat characters still need to serve a specific purpose to
propel the story forward in some way.
Flat characters are often confused with static
characters, and while they are related, they are
different concepts. Where a flat character is one that
is two-dimensional, a static character is one that
doesn’t change throughout the course of the story.
Most flat (uncomplex) characters are static
(unchanged by the end of the story), but not all static
characters are flat.
Sample Flat Characters
Flat characters will often feature:
A character who has not been fully developed; a
character we know little about.
A two-dimensional character.
A simple character; a character who is too obviously
all good or all bad.
Crabbe & Goyle

Harry Potter Series
Dynamic Characters
Are characters that change during the course of the
story or drama. They change in outlook or disposition,
and they are also called as developing characters.
Dynamic characters are the opposite of static
characters; while dynamic characters change
throughout a story, static characters stay the same.
The term “dynamic character” is often confused with
“round character,” and while they often overlap, they
are not the same. A dynamic character is one who
changes significantly throughout the story, whereas
a round character is simply one who is interesting
and layered.
Sample Dynamic Character
Dynamic characters will often feature:
A dynamic character undergoes a change as a result
of learning from conflict.
These characters start the story one way and then
will have a revelation that changes their views.
Neville Longbottom
Harry Potter Series
Static Characters
A static character is a type of character who remains
largely the same throughout the course of the storyline.
Their environment may change, but they retain the same
personality and outlook as they had at the beginning of
the story. It’s common for secondary characters in stories
to be static.
Sample Static Character
Static characters will often feature:
A static character remains the same throughout the
story.
These characters undergo no change in thought or
personality when involved in conflict.
Rubeus Hagrid
Harry Potter Series
Foil Characters
A character whose behavior and values contrast
with the main character’s or protagonist’s and
who thus serves to highlight that main
character’s distinctive temperament or a key
quality (not necessarily the antagonist).
Sample Foil Character
Foil characters help you to:
Understand a character's traits and motivations
more clearly
Know good from evil, smart from obtuse, or
strength from weakness.
Reflect more accurately on who the protagonist is
Draco Malfloy
Harry Potter Series
Plot
It is everything that is happening in a play. It is the
action and the basic storyline of the story. The plot
serves as the skeleton of the story that brings the
actions into a cohesive and more organized form.
Linear
The events are chronologically arranged-
beginning, middle, and end.
Modular
It does not follow one linear narrative and
episodic (one episode can stand alone).
Theme
The theme is the main idea that weaves the story
together, the why The underlying ideas of what
happens in the piece of literature, often a statement
about society or human nature.
Conflict
It elevates the reader’s emotion until it reaches
solution. It is the problem that needs to be resolved.
Revealing some truth about life is its main function.
Suggestions in narrating a story
First, you should have a clear setting. The time and place of
the story must be specifically mentioned.
Second, you should make impactful and clear characters.
They should be alive in your imagination. It is there that they
will capture memories to tell when you are going to retell the
story.
Third, you should link the events in an orderly manner. The
use of transitional devices is a must to show the smooth flow
of the story.
Fourth, you should use simple and precise language.
Lastly, you should use actual conversation. Using direct or
quoted statements makes your narrative clear.
A Birthday Surprise
Ella loves music. Her favorite kind of music is rock and roll. She is
constantly listening to music on her radio, and her computer is always
playing music in her room. Her birthday is coming up in a few weeks and she
really wants to see a concert to celebrate it. She has been dreaming about it
daily. Ezra, her boyfriend, has decided to surprise her with tickets for her
birthday.
“Ella, I am going to pick you up at eight tomorrow night,” said Ezra.

“Great, I will be ready. What are we doing?” asked Ella. “We are going to
your favorite restaurant and then I have a surprise for you,” said Ezra.
“Great,” thought Ella, “The surprise is probably a piece of jewelry or
something useless like that.”
The following day, Ezra arrived at eight to take Ella to dinner. They ate at
her favorite restaurant and as they were paying the bill Ezra gave her an
envelope. “Go on, open it,” said Ezra. “Okay, thank you so much,” replied
Ella. She opened the envelope and found two front row tickets to her favorite
concert. “Oh wow! Ezra, what a wonderful surprise!” she exclaimed.
They left the restaurant and went to the concert. Ella was so excited. They
both had a great time at the concert. The band played all of her favorite
songs. Ella and Ezra decided that it was the best birthday celebration she had
ever had.
Identify the following:
1. SETTING
2. CHARACTERS
3. PLOT
4. CONFLICT
5. THEME

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READING AND WRITING

It's one of the four main language skills

Reading is usually the third language skill

identify the words we see (word

It is any conventional system of marks or signs

Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be

Writing is the act of composing a text.

1. Narration is giving and sharing arguments.

2. The conflict in the story is the problem to be solved.

3. The setting of the story is the time and place.

4. The theme is the central idea or truth in the story.

5. The plot signals the protagonist and the antagonist.

F 1. Narration is giving and sharing arguments.

T 2. The conflict in the story is the problem to be

T 3. The setting of the story is the time and place.

T 4. The theme is the central idea or truth in the story.

F 5. The plot signals the protagonist and the

It is the place, time, and the social milieu or

are what make stories. Without them, there is no

characters play a dominant role in this genre and

The characters in a story can generally be divided into

The good main character in the story.

They are the principal source of conflict for the

They can be both likeable and unlikeable because they

They are lifelike figures with complex, multifaceted

Severus Snape Seong Gi-Hun

Crabbe & Goyle

“Ella, I am going to pick you up at eight tomorrow night,” said Ezra.

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