Energetics For Y10 PDF
Energetics For Y10 PDF
Energetics For Y10 PDF
In a chemical change, one or more new substances are formed. Some chemical
changes cannot be reversed although others can be..
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Energetics
Exothermic reactions give out energy. The temperature of the surroundings rises.
Energy level diagrams show enthalpy (energy) stored in the reactants compared to the
enthalpy (energy) levels in products
Energy is measured in kilojoules
Change in enthalpy, ∆H (we say delta H) is the symbol for the change in energy in a
reaction.
Exothermic
Another word for thermal energy is enthalpy H. The change in thermal energy in a
reaction is called enthalpy change, denoted delta H
The activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur e.g.
lighting a fire.
The products have less energy than the reactants
The difference in energy is given out as heat therefore the temperature rise
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Energetics
Endothermic
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Energetics
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
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Energetics
Bond Energies
We can work out the energy needed to break bonds, or released when these bonds are
formed. This energy is called the bond energy. It is measured in kJ/mole.
Calculating ∆H
H─H + Cl─Cl → 2 H─Cl
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Energetics
If the energy taken in to break the bonds is less than the energy released in making bonds,
the reaction is exothermic ∆H= - ve
If the energy taken in to break the bonds is more than the energy released in making bonds,
the reaction is endothermic ∆H = + ve
Using a polystyrene cup with a lid (insulator) we can measure the energy changes -
calorimeter
The molar enthalpy change is the energy change for one mole of substance and is shown at
end of balanced equations. The molar enthalpy can be calculated from actual quantities
used .
This is not an accurate measurement in the above experiment as heat is lost to the
surroundings. Using polystyrene cups would improve this experiment by insulating the
experiment
Complete worksheet 8.4 Fuels and energy production
Complete Q1-3 p105
Complete Practice questions Q1-8 p106-107
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Energetics
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