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Basic Computer Science Lecture 3

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Aftab Alam Khan
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9 views

Basic Computer Science Lecture 3

Uploaded by

Aftab Alam Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computers

Lecture 3

9/18/2024 1
Looking Inside the Computer
System
Parts of the Computer System

❑ Computer systems
have four parts
▪ Hardware
▪ Software
▪ Data
▪ User
Hardware
• Mechanical devices in the
computer
• Anything that can be
Parts of the touched
Computer System Software
• Tell the computer what to do
• Also called a program
• Thousands of programs exist
Data
• Pieces of information
• Computer organize and
present data
Parts of the
Computer System Users
• People operating the
computer
• Most important part
• Tell the computer what to do
Information Processing Cycle

❑Computer performs logical / mathematical operations


❑These operations are a part of an information processing
cycle
❑It is a set of steps that computer follows to receive data,
process data according to instructions from a program,
display the resulting information and store the result.
Information Processing Cycle

Steps followed to process


data
❑ Input
❑ Processing
❑ Output
❑ Storage
❑ Computers use the same basic
Essential hardware
Computer ❑ Hardware categorized into four
types
Hardware ▪ Processing devices
▪ Memory devices
▪ Input / Output devices
▪ Storage devices
Essential Computer Hardware

❑ Processing devices
▪ Brains of the computer
▪ Carries out instructions from the program
▪ Most computers have several processors
▪ Central Processing Unit (CPU)
▪ Processors made of silicon and copper
▪ CPU is embedded on motherboard.
What is a motherboard?
❑ The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer and is
also known as the mainboard or logic board.
❑ If you open your computer, the biggest piece of silicon you see is
the motherboard.
❑ Attached to the motherboard are the CPU, ROM, memory RAM
expansion slots, PCI slots(peripheral component interconnect), and
USB ports (universal serial bus).
Essential Computer Hardware
❑ Memory devices
▪ Stores data or programs
▪ Random Access Memory (RAM)
o Volatile
o Stores current data and programs
o More RAM results in a faster system
▪ Read Only Memory (ROM)
o Permanent storage of programs
o Holds the computer boot directions
o Non-volatile
Essential Computer Hardware

❑ Input and output devices


▪ Allows the user to interact
▪ Input devices accept data
o Keyboard, mouse
▪ Output devices deliver data
o Monitor, printer, speaker
▪ Some devices are input and output
o Touch screens
❑ Storage devices
▪ Hold data and programs
permanently
▪ Different from RAM
Essential ▪ Magnetic storage
Computer o Floppy and hard drive
o Uses a magnet to access
Hardware data
▪ Optical storage
o CD and DVD drives
o Uses a laser to access data
Software Runs The Machine
❑Tells the computer what to do
❑Reason people purchase computers
❑Two types
▪System software
▪Application software
Software Runs The Machine

❑ System software
▪ Most important software
▪ Operating system
o Windows XP , Windows 10
▪ Network operating system (OS)
o Windows Server 2003
▪ Utility
o Symantec Anti-Virus
Software Runs The Machine

❑Application software
▪Accomplishes a specific task
▪Most common type of software
oMS Word
▪Covers most common uses of computers

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