11/1/2017 Second Hourly Practice 2 Math 21a, Fall 2017

Name:

• Start by printing your name in the above box

MWF 9 Jameel Al-Aidroos and check your section in the box to the
MWF 9 Dennis Tseng left.
MWF 10 Yu-Wei Fan • Do not detach pages from this exam packet
or unstaple the packet.
MWF 10 Koji Shimizu
MWF 11 Oliver Knill • Please write neatly. Answers which are illeg-
ible for the grader cannot be given credit.
MWF 11 Chenglong Yu
• Show your work. Except for problems 1-
MWF 12 Stepan Paul 3,we need to see details of your computation.
TTH 10 Matt Demers
• All functions can be differentiated arbitrarily
TTH 10 Jun-Hou Fung often unless otherwise specified.
TTH 10 Peter Smillie • No notes, books, calculators, computers, or
TTH 11:30 Aukosh Jagannath other electronic aids can be allowed.

TTH 11:30 Sebastian Vasey • You have 90 minutes time to complete your
work.

1 20

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 10

7 10

8 10

9 10

10 10

Total: 110
Problem 1) True/False questions (20 points), no justifications needed

1) T F The point (−5, 3) is a critical point of f (x, y) = 3x2 + 5y 2 .

If a function f (x, y, z) has gradient satisfying |∇f | = 1 everywhere, then

2) T F the level surface f (x, y, z) = 1 is a sphere.
The chain rule assures that the vector ∇f (~r(t)) and the velocity vector ~r 0 (t)
3) T F for any curve ~r(t) on the level surface are perpendicular.
The function D(x, y) = fxx fyy − fxy 2
satisfies the formula Dd~D = ∇D · d~ for
4) T F ~
any unit vector d.
5) T F The function f (x, y) = x4 − 1 has infinitely many critical points.

The points (0, 1) and (0, −1) are maxima of f (x, y) = y 2 under the con-
6) T F straint g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 = 1.
The function f (x, y) = y 2 satisfies the partial differential equation
7) T F uyx (x, y) = ux (x, y).
Let f (x, y) = x3 y. At every point (x, y) there is a direction ~v for which
8) T F D~v f (x, y) = 0.
9) T F If fxy = fyx then f (x, y) = xy.

g(x, y) = 0x 0y f (s, t) dtds satisfies the partial differential equation

R R
10) T F gxy (x, y) = f (x, y).
If f (x, y) = g(x, y) = x2 + y 4 , then the Lagrange problem for maximizing f
11) T F under the constraint g(x, y) = 1 has infinitely many solutions.
The number |∇f (0, 0)| is the maximal directional derivative |D~v f (0, 0)|
12) T F among all unit vectors ~v .
Any continuous function f (x, y) takes a global maximum as well as a global
13) T F minimum on the region 0 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 1.
R1R1 R1R1
14) T F For any continuous function, 0 0 f (r, θ)r drdθ = 0 0 f (x, y) dxdy.
If the Lagrange multiplier λ at a solution to a Lagrange problem is positive
15) T F then this point is a minimum.

16) T F The equation fxy fxx fyy = 1 is an example of a partial differential equation.

If the discriminant D appearing in the second derivative test of f (x, y) is

17) T F positive at (0, 0) then |∇f (0, 0)| > 0.
R9R7
If f (x, y) is a continuous function then 7 5 f (x, y) dxdy =
18) T F R7R9
5 7 f (x, y) dxdy.

19) T F If f has the critical point (0, 0), then fy + fx has the critical point (0, 0).

If f (x, y) takes arbitrary large values, then g(x, y) = |∇f (x, y)| takes arbi-
20) T F trary large values.
Problem 2) (10 points) No justifications needed

a) (6 points) Match the regions with the integrals. Each integral matches one region A − F .

A B C

D E F
Enter A-F Integral
R 2π R y
0 0 f (x, y) dxdy
R 2π R √y
f (x, y) dxdy
R02π R02π
0 2π−x f (x, y) dydx
R 2π R y2
0 0 f (x, y) dxdy
R 2π R 3+sin(2x)
0 0 f (x, y) dydx
R 2π R 3+sin(2t)
0 0 f (r, t) rdrdt

b) (4 points) We define the complexity of a partial differential equation for u(t, x) or u(x, y)
as the number of derivatives appearing in total. For example, the partial differential equation
uxxx = utx has complexity 5 because 5 derivatives have been taken in total. As an expert
in PDEs, you know a few of them. Write down the complexities of the partial differential
equations. These are integers ≥ 2 in each case.
Complexity Name

Laplace for u(x, y)

Wave for u(t, x)

Taylor Fourier

Transport for u(t, x)

Heat for u(t, x)

d’Alembert Laplace
Problem 3) (10 points)

3a) (5 points) In the following contour plot of a height function f (x, y), neighboring contours
f (x, y) = c have height distance 1. The arrows indicate the gradient of f . Every point A-F
occurs at most once.

Which of the points is the global maximum on the visible region?

Which of the points is a global minimum on the visible region?
Which of the points is a global maximum for the function |∇f (x, y)|2
Which of the points is a saddle point?
Which of the points has the property that fx fy < 0 at this point?
y

B
F D
x

A
C
E
Part b) and c) of the problem are unrelated and on the new page.

Santorini panorama from Imerovigli with view onto Skaros rock, Caldera basin and volcanic island Nea Kameni. Photo: Oliver Knill, June 2015
3b) (2 points) You see a contour map of the Greek island of San-
torini. Point A is on the water (0 elevation) Point B is Skaros Derivative Check one
rock, which used to be a fortification protecting merchants from pi- 2
rates. Estimate the average directional derivative between A and B 0.2
in the direction from A to B. Given elevation markers 100,200,300 0.02
are in meters.

Source: http://www.decadevolcano.net, the picture shows a reconstruction of pre-Minoan Thera done by Druitt and Francaviglia from 1991. The island of today

is shown in dottet curves. A satelite picture of the Santorini Caldera with the Nea Kameni volcano in the center is seen in the upper right corner.

3c) (3 points) Which statements about a critical point with discriminant D 6= 0 always hold
for a smooth function f (x, y)?

Critical Point fxx > 0 fyy < 0 fx > 0 fy < 0

Maximum
Minimum
Saddle point
Problem 4) (10 points)

a) (6 points) Let g(x, y) = (6y 2 − 5)2 (x2 + y 2 − 1)2 . Find

the gradient of g at the points (1, −1), (−1, 1) and (1, 1).

b) (4 points) A student from the Harvard graduate

school of design contemplates the surface
f (x, y, z) = g(x, y) + g(y, z) + g(z, x) = 3

shown in the picture. She first discovers the formula

∇f (1, −1, 1) = hgx (1, −1) + gy (1, 1) ,
gx (−1, 1) + gy (1, −1) ,
gx (1, 1) + gy (−1, 1)i .
Without verifying this, find the tangent plane at
(1, −1, 1).

Problem 5) (10 points)

Octagons are used in architecture designs, in sym-

bolism, for rugs or in traffic signs. Use the Lagrange
method to find the octagon with maximal area
f (x, y) = (x + 2y)2 − 2y 2
if the circumference
√
g(x, y) = 4x + 4y 2 = 8 .
is fixed.

Problem 6) (10 points)

a) (8 points) Find and classify the four critical points of
the “triangle function”
f (x, y) = x2 y + y 2 x − y 2 − y

using the second derivative test. There is no need to

find the values of f .

b) (2 points) State whether any of the four points is a

global maximum or minimum on the entire plane.

Problem 7) (10 points)

The region R defined by

θ ≤ r(θ) ≤ 2θ
with
0 ≤ θ ≤ 3π
is shown in the picture. Compute its moment of iner-
tia ZZ
x2 + y 2 dA .
R

Problem 8) (10 points)

a) (5 points) Find a vector perpendicular to the tangent
line of the curve
f (x, y) = 5(x3 y 2 )1/5 = 100

at (20, 20). The picture shows a contour map of f .

b) (5 points) Use the same function in a) to estimate

f (21, 19) = 5(213 · 192 )1/5

by linearizing f near (20, 20).

Problem 9) (10 points)

We compute the surface area of the surface

~r(u, v) = hv cos(u), v sin(u), ui
over the region R : 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π, u ≤ v ≤ 2π.

a) (5 points) First verify that the integral is of the form

ZZ √
1 + v 2 dudv .
R

b) (5 points) Now compute the surface area integral.

Problem 9) (10 points)

 √
The Ramanujan constant eπ 163 =
262537412640768743.99999999999925... is close to
an integer. There is an elaborate story about why this
is so. Here, we just want to estimate the logarithm of
this constant roughly.

Let √
f (x, y) = x y .
Estimate √
f (3.141, 163) = 3.141 163
near (x0 , y0 ) = (3, 169) using linear approximation. Ramanujan is featured in the movie: “The Man who knew

infinity”, 2015