6.1 MMW

Logic Statements and
Quantifiers
Mathematics in the Modern World
GEd 102 | Module 6.1
Week 14 | Ms. Cristine Untalan LPT, MA.Ed

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the student should be
able to:
1. Define statements, translate simple
and compound statements into symbols
2. Determine the truth value of a
statement
Statement
It is a declarative sentence that is

either true or false, but not both
true and false.
STATEMENT OR NOT
1. Three is an odd number. Statement

2. Square is a rectangle. Statement
3. 𝒙 – 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 Statement
4. Longest side of the triangle. Not a statement
5. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 Not a statement
Statements
1. In 2025, BTS will have a concert in the
Philippines.
2. In 2028, the next president of the
Philippines is a woman.
3. Jaime Mora was the coach of Philippine
Sepak Takraw team in 2015 SEA Games.
There are some sentences that are both true and false
at the same time. This kind of sentence is not considered a
statement, based on the definition of a statement.
“This is false sentence."

The above sentence is not a statement because if we
assume it to be a true sentence, then it is false, and if we
assume it to be a false sentence, then it is true. Statements
cannot be true and false at the same time.
TWO KINDS OF
STATEMENT
A simple statement is a statement that

conveys a single idea. A compound
statement is a statement that conveys two or
more ideas.
CONNECTIVES
or if … then
and if and only if
By connecting simple statements with these words

and phrases creates a compound statement. These
words and phrases are called connectives.
SYMBOL MEANING
∧ and
∨ or
→ if … then
⟷ If and only if
~ not
Symbolic Type of
Statement Connective
form Statement
𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒒 and 𝒑∧𝒒 Conjunction
𝒑 𝒐𝒓 𝒒 or 𝒑∨𝒒 Disjunction
𝑰𝒇 𝒑, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒒 if … then 𝒑→𝒒 Conditional
𝒑 𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒊𝒇𝒒 If and only if 𝒑 ⟷ 𝒒 Bi - conditional
𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒑 not ~𝒑 Negation
CONNECTIVES 𝒑 : I will play table tennis
𝒒 : I will go to school
𝒓 : I will not do my assignment
1. I will play table tennis or I will go 𝒑∨𝒒

to school.
2. I will go to school and I will not 𝒒 ∧∼ 𝒑
play table tennis.
3. If I will do my assignment then I ∼ 𝒓 →∼ 𝒑
will not play table tennis.
COMPOUND STATEMENTS
AND GROUPING SYMBOLS
Compound statements may contain more than two

simple statements. To avoid confusion with the
meaning of the statements, groupings of statements
are necessary.
RULES OF GROUPING OF A
COMPOUND STATEMENT
1. In symbolic form, the parentheses are used to indicate

the simple statements that are being grouped together.
2. In sentence form, a comma is used to indicate which

simple statements are group together. That is, statements
on same side of the comma are group together.
EXAMPLES
“It is not true that,

∼ 𝒑∧𝒒
𝒑 ∧ 𝒒”
∼𝒑∧𝒒 “Not p and q"

𝒑 : John’s playing style is the same as Lebron’s.
EXAMPLE 𝒒 : Hazel has straight hair.
𝒓 : John is a basketball player.
Write the symbolic form as an English sentence

(𝒑 ∧ 𝒒) → 𝒓
If John’s playing style is the same as Lebron’s
and Hazel has straight hair, then John is a
basketball player.
Write the symbolic form as an English sentence

(𝒒 ∨ 𝒓) →∼ 𝒑
If Hazel has straight hair or John is a basketball
player, then John’s playing style is not the same as
Lebron’s.
Write in symbolic form the given statement below.

If John is not a basketball player or Hazel has a
straight hair, then John’s playing style is not the same
as Lebron’s.
(∼ 𝒓 ∨ 𝒒) →∼ 𝒑
QUANTIFIERS AND
THEIR NEGATION
In English sentences, some are true for

all, or it is true for some conditions. In
order that these kinds of sentences are to
be statements, quantifiers are needed.
EXISTENTIAL QUANTIFIERS
These are used as prefixes to assert the

existence of something. These include the
word some, and the phrases there exists and
at least one.
UNIVERSAL QUANTIFIERS
These are used as prefixes to assert that every

element of a given set satisfies some conditions or
to deny the existence of something. These include
the words all, every, none, and no.
EXAMPLES
1. Some coffee shops are open.

2. There exists an integer n such that 𝟑𝒏 ≥ 𝟏𝟐𝟎.
3. All players are nice people.

4. No even integers are divisible by 𝟑.
Negation of statements
involving quantifiers
In the previous discussion, it is known that the

negation of a statement is false if the statement is
true, and it is true if the statement is false. This
concept must be considered in constructing the
negation of a statement involving quantifiers.
EXAMPLE
Some coffee shops are open.

Negation Statement:
No coffee shops are open.
Quantified statements and their
negations
QUANTIFIED
NEGATION
STATEMENTS
All 𝑿 are 𝒀 Some 𝑿 are not 𝒀
No 𝑿 are 𝒀 Some 𝑿 are 𝒀
Some 𝑿 are 𝒀 No 𝑿 are 𝒀
Some 𝑿 are not 𝒀 All 𝑿 are 𝒀
EXAMPLE
All classic movies were first

produced in black and white.
Negation Statement:
Some classic movies were not
produced in black and white.
EXAMPLE
No even numbers are odd numbers.

Negation Statement:
Some even numbers are odd
numbers.
Thank you!
Feel free to ask me your questions.
cristine.untalan@g.batstate-u.edu.ph

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Logic Statements and

Week 14 | Ms. Cristine Untalan LPT, MA.Ed

It is a declarative sentence that is

1. Three is an odd number. Statement

4. Longest side of the triangle. Not a statement

“This is false sentence."

A simple statement is a statement that

By connecting simple statements with these words

1. I will play table tennis or I will go 𝒑∨𝒒

Compound statements may contain more than two

1. In symbolic form, the parentheses are used to indicate

2. In sentence form, a comma is used to indicate which

“It is not true that,

∼𝒑∧𝒒 “Not p and q"

Write the symbolic form as an English sentence

Write the symbolic form as an English sentence

Write in symbolic form the given statement below.

In English sentences, some are true for

These are used as prefixes to assert the

These are used as prefixes to assert that every

1. Some coffee shops are open.

3. All players are nice people.

In the previous discussion, it is known that the

Some coffee shops are open.

All classic movies were first

No even numbers are odd numbers.

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