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    ENG 4120 - Unit2

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    ENG 4120 - Unit2

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    ENG 4120_Unit2

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    2 views19 pages

    ENG 4120 - Unit2

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    of 19

    ENG 4120:

    Sociolinguistics

    Dr. Christine Moonkyoung Cho


    Fall 2024
    Review_Mindmap
    Languages provide a variety of ways of
    saying the same thing
    Why do we say
    the same thing
    Participants
    in different
    ways? Setting
    Social
    Choice may involve different dialect Factors
    Topic
    and quite different language
    What are the Functional
    What do
    different ways sociolinguistics
    we say things study?
    Distance
    Social
    Status
    Dimensions
    To identify clearly the linguistic Formality
    variation involved Looking for
    explanation Functional
    To identify clearly the different
    social or non-linguistics factors
    Social Dimensions

    • Participant • Participant
    relationship relationship
    • Intimate/Distant • Superior/Subordinate
    Social
    Status
    distance

    Functional Formality
    • The purposes of • The setting of
    interaction interaction
    • Referential/Affective • Formal/Informal
    Today’s topics

    • Choosing your variety or code


    - What is your linguistic repertoire?
    - Domain of language use
    - Modeling variety or code choice
    - Other social factors affecting code choice

    • Diglossia
    - Attitudes to H vs L in a diglossia situation
    - Diglossia with and without bilingualism
    A case of Jingjing
    Jingjing is a Chinese-English bilingual living in San Francisco. At work, she
    seamlessly switches to English during meetings, communicating complex ideas
    with colleagues and clients. When she’s with her family, she speaks Mandarin,
    sharing stories and discussing family matters. On weekends, Lin often meets
    friends at a local Chinese restaurant where they converse in Cantonese,
    reflecting her multicultural background. When traveling, she effortlessly
    transitions to Mandarin for navigating local areas in China or Taiwan. Her ability
    to switch languages depending on the context not only reflects her deep cultural
    roots but also her adaptability in diverse social and professional environments.
    This fluidity in language use enhances her connections and interactions in
    various facets of her life.
    Asian business woman in office clothes. Beautiful lady,
    cartoon character holds badge and documents. Vector
    illustration isolated on white background.

    A case of Jingjing

    • How many language varieties does


    Jingjing use?

    • Jingjing uses different languages


    depending on different domains (e.g.,
    family, friendship, employment) / setting
    (home, workplace, restaurants etc. ). Why
    would be the reason?
    Activity_Domains of language use
    Jingjing’s example
    Domain Addressee Setting Topic Variety/Code
    Family Parent/sibling Home Planning a family party Mandarin
    Friendship Friend Café Favorite coffee shop Cantonese
    Education Teacher School Guidelines for an assignment English
    Employment Employer Workplace Arranging work hours English
    ….

    Create a table for your own language use


    Language variety (code)
    • Language variety (code) refers to the various forms of language
    triggered by social factors.

    • Language may change from region to region, from one social class
    to another, from individual to individual, and from situation to
    situation. These actual changes result in the varieties of language.
    Modelling variety or code choice

    Domain
    Family Friendship Education Employment

    Mandarin Cantonese English English Code

    What would be some limitations of a domain-based approach to


    language choice?

    However, why this model would be useful for understanding


    language choice?
    Other social factors affecting code choice

    Can you think of an example where Jingjing does not follow the
    typical language choices determined by different domains?
    Other social factors affecting code choice

    • Participant • Participant
    relationship relationship
    • Intimate/Distant • Superior/Subordinate
    Social
    Status
    distance

    Functional Formality
    • The purposes of • The setting of
    interaction interaction
    • Referential/Affective • Formal/Informal
    Diglossia
    • The word, ‘Diglossia’ derived from the Greek word “ Diglossos
    meaning “ bilingual.
    • Diglossia describes a situation where in a given society there is
    more than one language variety in use. It is a characteristic of
    speech communities rather than individuals.
    • Two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the
    community, with each having a definite role to play
    • Used in different social situations
    • High ( “H”) and Low ( “L”) variety
    (Furguson, 1959)
    Diglossia_examples
    • A 2 years old who is beginning to talk, speaking English to one parent and Chinese to the
    other.

    • A Korean immigrant in the USA who has not had contact with English for the last 10 years.

    • A school child from a Mexican immigrant family in the USA who increasingly uses English
    both at home and outside but whose older relatives address him in Spanish only

    • A Japanese airline pilot who uses English for most of his professional communication.

    • The Turkish wife of a Turkish immigrant in Germany who can converse orally in German but
    cannot read or write it.
    Diglossia_
    H & L variety
    • High (H) and Low (L)
    varieties may be
    language or dialect.
    • May have different lexis,
    syntax, morphology,
    and/or phonology.
    • Have different status
    • Are not mixed
    Diglossia_activity
    • Fill in the following table on the basis of your predictions about when H will be used ans
    when L will be used in digloosic communities.

    High variety Low Variety


    Religion (sermon, prayers)
    Literature (novels, non-fiction)
    Newspaper
    Education (written material, lectures)
    Education (lesson discussion)
    Shopping
    Gossiping
    Diglossia and bilingualism
    • The term diglossia descries
    societal or institutionalized
    bilingualism, where two varieties
    are required to cover all the
    community's domains.
    • Bilingualism refers to the ability to
    speak two languages, while
    diglossia refers to the use of two
    varieties of the same language in
    a speech society.
    Diglossia with and without bilingualism
    Key concepts/terms
    • Choosing your variety or code
    - Domain of language use
    - Other social factors affecting code choice

    • Diglossia
    - Attitudes to H vs L in a diglossia situation
    - Diglossia with and without bilingualism
    Next class
    • Read the article posted on
    Canvas under Unit 3. We will have
    a whole class discussion on the
    article.

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