Matrices Exercises
Matrices Exercises
Matrices Exercises
Matrices Exercise 5 :
Matching Type Questions
n
This section contains 4 questions. Question 72 has four statements (A, B, C and D) given in Column I and four
statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II and questions 73 to 75 have four statements (A, B, C and D) given in
Column I and five statements (p, q, r, s and t) in Column II. Any given statement in Column I can have correct
matching with one or more statement(s) given in Column II.
72. Suppose a, b, c are three distinct real numbers and f ( x ) is a real quadratic polynomial such that
4a 1 f ( −1) 3a + 3a
2
4a 2
2
4b 4b 1 f (1) = 3b 2 + 3b .
4c 2 4c 1 f (2) 3c 2 + 3c
Column I Column II
(A) x-coordinate(s) of the point of intersection of y = f (x ) with the X-axis is (p) −2
(B) 3 (q) 1
Area (in sq units) bounded by y = f (x ) and the X-axis is
2
(C) Maximum value of f (x ) is (r) 2
(D) Length (in unit) of the intercept made by y = f (x ) on the X-axis is (s) 4
73. If A is non-singular matrix of order n × n, Column I Column II
(D) If the equations x + y = 1, (t) 9
Column I Column II
(c + 2)x + (c + 4 ) y = 6,
(A) adj (A −1) is (p) A (det A) n−2 (c + 2)2 x + (c + 4 )2 y = 36 are consistent
(B) det (adj ( A −1 )) is (q) (det A) n−1 (adj A) and c1 , c2 (c1 > c2 ) are two values of c, then
(C) adj (adj A) is (r) adj (adj A ) c1 c2 is divisible by
(det A )n−1
(D) adj (A det (A)) is (s) (det A) 1−n
75. Column I Column II
(A) If C is skew-symmetric matrix (p) invertible
(t) A
of order n and X is n × 1column
(det A )
matrix, then X TCX is
74. Column I Column II (B) If A is skew - symmetric, then (q) singular
(A) If A is a diagonal matrix of order 3 × 3 is (p) 3 I − A is, where I is an identity
commutative with every square matrix of matrix of order A.
order 3 × 3 under multiplication and tr 0 1 1 (r) symmetric
( A ) = 12, then | A | is divisible by If S = 1 0 1 and
(C)
(q) 4 1 1 0
(B) Let a, b, c ∈ R + and the system of equations (r) 6 b + c c − a b − a
(1 − a)x + y + z = 0 , x + (1 − b) y + z = 0, A = c − b c + a a − b
x + y + (1 − c)z = 0
b − c a − c a + b
has infinitely many solutions. If λ be the (a, b, c ≠ 0), then SAS −1 is
minimum value of a b c, then λ is divisible by
(D) If A , B , C are the angles of a (s) non-singular
(C) Let A = [ aij ]3 × 3 be a matrix whose (s) 8 triangle, then the matrix
elements are distinct integers from 1, 2, 3,
..., 9. The matrix is formed so that the sum sin 2 A sin C sin B
of the numbers is every row, column and A = sin C sin 2 B sin A is
each diagonal is a multiple of 9. If number sin B sin A sin 2C
of all such possible matrices is λ, then λ is
(t) non-invertible
divisible by
Matrices Exercise 6 :
Statement I and II Type Questions
n
Directions (Q. Nos. 76 to 85) are Assertion-Reason 77. Statement-1 If A and B are two square matrices of order
type questions. Each of these questions contains two n × n which satisfy AB = A and BA = B, then
statements: ( A + B ) 7 = 2 6 ( A + B ).
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason)
Statement-2 A and B are unit matrices.
Each of these questions also has four alternative
choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You 78. Statement-1 For a singular matrix A, if AB =AC ⇒ B = C
have to select the correct choice as given below. Statement-2 If | A | = 0, then A − 1 does not exist.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is a correct explanation for Statement-1 79. Statement-1 If A is skew-symmetric matrix of order 3,
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 then its determinant should be zero.
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-2 If A is square matrix,
(c) Statement1 is true, Statement-2 is false det ( A ) = det ( A ′ ) = det ( − A ′ ).
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true 80. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix, B = ( I − A ) ( I + A ) −1
76. Statement-1 If matrix A = [aij ]3 × 3 , B = [bij ]3 × 3 , where and X andY be column vectors conformable for
multiplication with B.
aij + a ji = 0 and bij − b ji = 0, then A B is non-singular
4 5
Statement-1 ( BX )T ( BY ) = X T Y
matrix.
Statement-2 If A is non-singular matrix, then | A | ≠ 0. Statement-2 If A is skew-symmetric, then ( I + A ) is
non-singular.
664 Textbook of Algebra
Matrices Exercise 7 :
Subjective Type Questions
n In this section, there are 12 subjective questions. Office superintendent ` 500, Head clerk ` 200, cashier
86. If S is a real skew-symmetric matrix, the show that I − S ` 175, clerks and typist
` 150 and peon ` 100. Using matrix notation find
is non-singular and matrix
(i) the total number of posts of each kind in all the offices
A = ( I + S )( I − S ) −1 = ( I − S ) −1 ( I + S ) is orthogonal. taken together,
87. If M is a 3 × 3 matrix, where det M = I and MM T = I , (ii) the total basic monthly salary bill of each kind of office
where I is an identity matrix, prove that det ( M − I ) = 0. (iii) the total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices taken
together.
cos α − sin α cos 2β sin 2β
88. If A = ,B= , where 92. In a development plan of a city, a contractor has taken a
sin α cos α sin 2β − cos 2β
contract to construct certain houses for which he needs
π
0 < β < , then prove that BAB = A −1 . Also, find the least building materials like stones, sand etc. There are three
2 firms A, B, C that can supply him these materials. At one
value of α for which BA 4 B = A −1 . time these firms A, B, C supplied him 40, 35 and 25 truck
89. Find the product of two matrices loads of stones and 10, 5 and 8 truck loads of stone and
cos 2 θ cos θ sin θ cos 2 φ cos φ sin φ sand, respectively. If the cost of one truck load of stone
A= B = and sand are ` 1200 and 500 respectively, find the total
cos θ sin θ sin θ cos φ sin φ sin 2 φ
2
amount paid by the contractor to each of these firms A,
Show that, AB is the zero matrix if θ and φ differ by an B, C separately.
π
odd multiple of . 1 a α aα
2 l 1 m1 n 1 93. Show that the matrix A = 1 b β bβ is of rank 3
90. Show that the matrix l 2 m 2 n 2 is orthogonal, 1 c γ cγ
l 3 m 3 n 3
provided no two of a, b, c are equal and no two of α, β, γ
if l 12 + m12 + n 12
= Σl 12
=1= Σl 22
= Σl 32
and are equal.
l 1l 2 + m1m 2 + n 1n 2 = Σl 1l 2 = 0 = Σ l 2 l 3 = Σl 3 l 1 . 94. By the method of matrix inversion, solve the system.
91. A finance company has offices located in every division, 1 1 1 x u 9 2
every district and every taluka in a certain state in India. 2 5 7 y v = 52 15
Assume that there are five divisions, thirty districts and 2 1 − 1 z w 0 − 1
200 talukas in the state. Each office has one head clerk,
one cashier, one clerk and one peon. A divisional office 95. If x 1 = 3y 1 + 2y 2 − y 3 , y 1 = z 1 − z 2 + z 3
has, in addition, one office superintendent, two clerks, x 2 = − y 1 + 4y 2 + 5y 3 , y 2 = z 2 + 3z 3
one typist and one poen. A district office, has in x 3 = y 1 − y 2 + 3y 3 , y 3 = 2z 1 + z 2
addition, one clerk and one peon. The basic monthly express x 1 , x 2 , x 3 in terms of z 1 , z 2 , z 3 .
salaries are as follows:
96. For what values of k the set of equations a 1 0 a 1 1 f a 2 x
2x − 3y + 6z − 5t = 3, y − 4z + t = 1, A = 1 b d , B = 0
d c ,U = g , V = 0 , X = y
4 x − 5y + 8z − 9t = k has
1 b c f g h h 0 z
(i) no solution? (ii) infinite number of solutions?
97. Let A, B, U , V and X be the matrices defined as If AX = U has infinitely many solutions, show that BX = V
follows. cannot have a unique solution. If afd ≠ 0, show that BX = V
has no solution.
Matrices Exercise 8 :
Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exam
n This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, (i) The value of | U | is
AIEEE, JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year (a) 3 (b) − 3 (c) 3/2 (d) 2
2005 to year 2017. (ii) The sum of the elements of U is −1
Solutions c = lim
x→ 0
= lim
x→ 0
x
ln (1 + sin x )
sin x
⋅ lim
(x + 1)3
sin x
x→ 0 x
= 1 ⋅1 = 1
d = lim
1. Q A (I − A ) = A I − A = A − 0 = A ≠ I
4 4 5 4 4
x → −1 3 [sin ( x + 1 ) − ( x + 1 )]
A 3( I − A ) = A 3 I − A 4 = A 3 − A 4 ≠ I 3(x + 1)2
= lim [using L’Hospital’s Rule]
x → −1 3 [cos ( x + 1 ) − 1 ]
(I + A ) (I − A ) = I 2 − A 2 = I − A 2 ≠ I
1
4 x 2a −p x a p = − lim = −2
x → −1 [1 − cos ( x + 1 )]
2. Q det ( B ) =
4y 2b −q = − 8
y b q
(x + 1)2
4z 2c −r z c r 2 −4
A= ⇒ A =0
2
Let,
x y z a b c
1 −2
= − 8
a b c
= 8 x y z
[by property]
5. Q (A − λ I ) X = 0
p q r p q r
∴ | A − λI | = 0
a b c
1 − λ 4
⇒ = 0
= − 8
p q r = − 8 det ( A ) = − 16 3 2 − λ
x y z ⇒ λ2 − 3 λ − 10 = 0
T
1 1 ∴ λ = − 2, 5
3. Q A − I A − I = I ...(i)
2 2 x 4
For λ = −2 ⇒ =
y −3
T
1 1
and A + I A + I = I ...(ii)
2 2 x 1
For λ =5 ⇒ =
1 T I y 1
⇒ A − I A − = I
2 2 4 ⋅ 1 + ( −3 ) ⋅ 1 1
∴ cos θ = =
1 T 1 (16 + 9 ) (1 + 1 ) 5 2
and A + I A + I = I
2 2
∴ tan θ = (sec2θ − 1 ) = 49 = 7
⇒ A + AT = 0 [subtracting the two results]
6. Q A 2n + 1 = ( A 2 )n ⋅ A = ( I )n ⋅ A = IA = A
⇒ AT = − A
cos θ sin θ
∴ A is skew-symmetric matrix. 7. Q A=
From first result, we get − sin θ cos θ
3 cos nθ sin nθ
AAT = I ∴ An =
4 − sin nθ cos nθ
3 lim cos nθ lim sin nθ
⇒ A2 = − I n→ ∞ n→ ∞
4 An n =
0 0
⇒ lim = n
n→ ∞ n − lim sin nθ lim cos nθ 0 0
| A 2 | = − I
3 n→ ∞
∴ n→ ∞
4 n n
n = a zero matrix [Q −1 < sin ∞ < 1 and −1 < cos ∞ < 1 ]
3
∴ | A |2 = − −1 2 5
4
8. Let A = 2 −4 −10 [Qa = − 6]
⇒ n is even.
1 −2 −5
x 1 x 2 − 1
4. Q a = lim − = lim Applying R2 → R2 + 2 R1 and R3 → R3 + R1, then
x → 1 ln x x ln x x → 1 x ln x
−1 2 5
= lim
2x A = 0 0 0 ⇒ ρ( A ) = 1
[by L’Hospital’s Rule]
x → 1 1 + ln x
0 0 0
x 3 − 16 x 9. Q A is involutory
b = lim
x → 0 4x + x 2 ∴ A 2 = I ⇒ A = A −1
x (x + 4) (x − 4) A
−1
= lim = lim ( x − 4 ) = − 4 ∴ = 2 A −1 = 2 A
x→ 0 x (x + 4) x→ 0 2
10. Q B = adj A ⇒ det ( B ) = det ( A ) ⋅ det ( B − I ) = 0
⇒ AB = A( adj A ) = | A | I n [Q A 2006 = 0 ⇒ det A 2006 = 0] [∴det A = 0]
∴ AB + kI n = | A | I n + kI n = (| A | + k ) I n 17. We have, P T = P −1 [Q PP T = I ]
⇒ | AB + kI n | = |(| A | + k ) I n | = (| A | + k ) n
Now, Q = PAP T = PAP −1
11. Q B = − A −1BA ∴ Q 2007
= PA 2007P −1
⇒ AB = − BA ∴ P T Q 2007P = P −1( PA 2007P −1 ) P
⇒ AB + BA = 0 1 2007
= A 2007 =
Now, (A + B )2 = (A + B ) (A + B ) 0 1
= A 2 + AB + BA + B 2 1 2 3 1 3
Q A = 0 1 , A = 0 1 , K
2
= A2 + 0 + B 2
= A2 + B 2 A − 5 B 2 A + 1 −5 14 D
18. Q 2 A − 2 C = −4 A E F
12. Since, A is skew-symmetric.
∴ |A|=0 ⇒ A − 5 = 28 A + 14 − 5 E
⇒ | A 4 B 3 | = | A 4 | | B 3 | = | A |4 | B |3 = 0
⇒ 5 E = 27 A + 19 ...(i)
13. Let B = A + In 2 A − 2 = − 56 + AE
∴ A = B − In ⇒ AE = 2 A + 54 ...(ii)
Given, An = αA From Eq. (i), we get
⇒ ( B − I n )n = α ( B − I n ) 5 AE = 27 A 2 + 19 A
⇒ Bn − nC1Bn − 1 + nC 2Bn − 2 + K + ( −1 )n I n ⇒ 5 (2 A + 54 ) = 27 A 2 + 19 A [from Eq. (ii)]
= αB − αIn ⇒ 27 A + 9 A − 270 = 0
2
⇒ B ( Bn − 1 − nC1Bn − 2 + nC 2Bn − 3 + K + ( −1 )n − 1 I n − αI n )
⇒ 9 ( A − 3 ) (3 A + 10 ) = 0
= [( −1 )n + 1 − α ] I n ≠ 0 [Qα ≠ ± 1] 10
∴ A = 3, A = −
Hence, B is invertible. 3
−1 + i 3 −1 − i 3 ∴ Absolute value of difference
14. Q ω = and ω 2 =
= 3 + =
2 2 10 19
Also, ω 3 = 1 and ω + ω 2 = − 1 3 3
−iω −iω 2 cos2 θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ
Thus, A = cos θ
iω iω
2
19. Q| f (θ ) | = cos θ sin θ sin 2 θ
−iω −iω 2 −iω −iω 2 −ω 2 + ω 0 sin θ − cos θ 0
∴ A2 = =
iω iω iω 2 iω −ω 2 + ω
2
0 On multiplying in R3 by cos θ and then take common cos θ
−ω 2 + ω 2 0 from C1, then
0
Now, f ( A ) = A 2 + 2 I = +
0 −ω + ω 0 2
2 cos θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ
| f (θ ) | =
sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ
−ω 2 + ω + 2 0
= sin θ − cos2 θ 0
0 −ω + ω + 2
2
Applying R2 → R2 − R3, we get
1 0 1 0
= ( −ω 2 + ω + 2 ) = (2 + i 3 ) cos θ cosθ sin θ − sin θ
0 1 0 1
| f (θ ) | =
0 1 cos θ = 1
15. Q X 2 = I ⇒ ( X −1X ) X = X −1I
sin θ − cos θ
2
0
⇒ IX = X −1
Applying C 2 → C 2 − sin θ C1, then
⇒ X = X −1
cos θ 0 − sin θ
which is self invertible involutory matrix. | f (θ ) | =
0 1 cos θ
= 1
There are many such matrices which are inverse of their own. θ −
sin 1 0
16. Q AB = A + B
π
∴ f is non-singular matrix.
⇒ B = AB − A = A( B − I ) 7
20. Q a11 = a 22 = a 33 = a + b, = A 3 + A 5 + A 7 + K + A 2n + 1
a12 = a 23 = ab, a 21 = a 32 = 1, a13 = a 31 = 0
= A( A 2 + A 4 + A 6 + K + A 2n )
a + b ab 0
0 a
∴ A= 1 a+b ab Let, A=
−a 0
0 1 a + b
−a 2 0
a + b ab 0 ⇒ A2 = 2
= − a 2I
⇒ | A | = 1 a + b ab 0 −a
0 1 a + b ∴ D = IA( −a 2 + a 4 − a 6 + K + ( −1 )n a 2n ) [a > 0 ]
= (a + b ) [(a + b ) − ab ] − ab (a + b ) = (a + b ) (a + b )
2 2 2 = A( −a + a − a + K + ( −1 ) a )
2 4 6 n 2n
Hence, D is skew-symmetric.
21. Given, Br = I ⇒ Br B −1 = IB −1
q −b y
⇒ B r − 1 = B −1 26. Q | B | = − p a − x
∴ A −1B r − 1A = A −1B −1A r − c z
⇒ A −1B r − 1A − A −1B −1A = 0 Applying R2 → ( −1 ) R2, then
cos θ sin θ q −b y
A= | B | =
p −a x
22. Here,
sin θ − cos θ
r −c z
⇒ AAT = I
Applying C 2 → ( −1 ) C 2, then
Q C = ABAT ⇒ AT C = BAT
q b y q p r
Now, AT C n A = AT C ⋅ C n − 1A
| B | =
p a x = | B | =
T
b a c
= BAT C n − 1A = BAT C C n − 2A
r c z y x z
= B 2AT C n − 2A b a c
... ... ... = −
q p r [ R1 ↔ R2 ]
= Bn − 1AT CA = Bn − 1( BAT ) A y x z
b a c
1 0 = [ R2 ↔ R3 0]
= Bn AT A = Bn I = Bn = y x z
−n 1 q p r
1
23. Q | adj A −1 | = | A −1 | 2 = a b c
| A |2 = −
x y z = − | A |
1
∴ | ( adj A −1 ) −1 | = = | A |2 = 22 = 4 p q r
| adj A −1 |
⇒ | B | = −| A|
24. Q A 3 − A 2B = B 3 − B 2A
Also, | adj B | = | B | 2
⇒ A 2( A − B ) = B 2( B − A ) = | A | 2 = | adj A | [Q| A | ≠ 0, then | B | ≠ 0 ]
or (A + B ) (A − B ) = 0
2 2
3 4 3 −4 1 0
27. Q BC = = =I
2 3 −2 3 0 1
or det ( A 2 + B 2 ) ⋅ det ( A − B ) = 0
ABC A( BC ) 2 A( BC ) 3
Either det ( A 2 + B 2 ) = 0 or det ( A − B ) = 0 ∴ tr ( A ) + tr + tr + tr +K
2 4 8
0 a
25. Let, A= , A A A
−a 0 = tr ( A ) + tr + tr 2 + tr 3 + K upto ∞
2 2 2
1 4 9 −4 1 0 1 1
BC = = =I = tr ( A ) + tr ( A ) + 2 tr ( A ) + K upto ∞
2 9 −2 1 0 1 2 2
tr ( A )
∴ B 2 C 2 = ( BC ) 2 = I 2 = I = = 2 tr ( A ) = 2 (2 + 1 ) = 6
1
1−
Similarly, B 2C 2 = B 3C 3 = K = BnC n = I 2
Let, D = A 3( BC ) + A 5( B 2 C 2 ) + A 7( B 3 C 3 ) 28. We have, (A − 2I ) (A − 4I ) = 0
2n + 1
+K+ A n n
(B C ) ⇒ A 2 − 4A − 2A + 8I 2 = 0
⇒ A 2 − 6A + 8I = 0 9 8 8 1 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ A − 1( A 2 − 6 A + 8 I ) = A − 1 0 = 8 9 8 − 4 2 1 2 − 5 0 1 0
8 8 9 2 2 1 0 0 1
⇒ A − 6 I + 8 A −1 = 0
1 4 0 0 0
⇒ A + A −1 = I
6 3 = 0 0 0 = 0
29. We have, AA −1 = I 0 0 0
1 −1 1 ⇒ 5 I 3 = A 2 − 4 A = A( A − 4 I 3 )
0 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ 1 2 3 −4 3 6 = 0 1 0 ⇒
1
I 3 = A( A − 4 I 3 )
1 0 5
3 a 1 5 3 0 1
− −1 1
2 2 2 ∴ A = (A − 4I 3 )
5
1 0 b + 1 1 0 0
Since, | A | = 5
⇒ 0 1 2 (b + 1 ) = 0 1 0
∴ | A 3 | = | A | 3 = 125 ≠ 0
4 (1 − a ) 3 (a − 1 ) ab + 2 0 0 1
⇒ A 3 is invertible
On comparing, we get
Similarly, A 2 is invertible.
b + 1 = 0, ab + 2 = 1, a − 1 = 0
∴ a = 1, b = − 1 a 0 0 a1 a 2 a 3
30. Q A ( adj A ) = | A | I ...(i) 34. Let, D = 0 b 0 = DT and let A = b1 b2 b3
x 3 2 0 0 c c1 c2 c 3
Now, | A | =
1 y 4 a 0 0 a1 a 2 a 3 aa1 aa 2 aa 3
2 2 z ∴ DA = 0 b 0 b1 b2 b3 = bb1 bb2 bb3
= x (yz − 8 ) − 3 (z − 8 ) + 2 (2 − 2y ) 0 0 c c1 c 2 c 3 cc1 cc 2 cc 3
= xyz − (8 x + 4y + 3 z ) + 28 a1 a 2 a 3 a 0 0 a1a a 2b a 3c
= 60 − 20 + 28 = 68 AD = b1 b2 b3 0 b 0 = b1a b2b b3c ≠ DA
From Eq. (i), A ( adj A ) = 68 I
c1 c 2 c 3 0 0 c c1a c 2b c 3c
31. Here, | A | = 0
1
∴ A −1 does not exist. a
0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 −1
1
and D = 0 0
Now, A = 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 3 3 3 = 3A
2
b
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 0 0 1
c
∴ A 3 = A 2 ⋅ 2 = 3 A ⋅ A = 3 A 2 = 3(3 A ) = 9 A
1
32. Q A′ = A −1 ⇒ AA′ = I ...(i) | D −1 | = ≠0 [Qa ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 ]
abc
Now, ( A′ )′ A′ = I −1 2 5
∴ A′ is orthogonal 35. Let A = 2 −4 a − 4
From Eq. (i), ( AA′ ) −1 = I −1 1 −2 a + 1
⇒ ( A′ ) −1 A −1 = I Applying R2 → R2 + 2 R1 and R3 → R3 + R1, then
⇒ −1 −1
( A )′ ( A ) = I −1 2 5
A = 0 0 a + 6
∴ A −1 is orthogonal 0 0 a + 6
Since, adj A = A −1 | A | ≠ A′
1 Applying R3 → R3 − R2, then
and | A −1 | = =±1 [for orthogonal | A | = ± 1 ]
|A| −1 2 5
A = 0 0 a + 6
1 2 2 1 2 2 9 8 8
33. Q A = 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 8 9 8
2 0 0 0
2 2 1 2 2 1 8 8 9 For a = − 6 , ρ ( A ) = 1
For a = 1, 2 , ρ ( A ) = 2
We have, A − 4 A − 5 I 3
2
3 −3 4 d1 0 0 d 4 0 0
36. Here, | A | =
2 −3 4
44. Let D1 = 0 d 2 0 and D2 = 0 d 5 0
0 −1 1 0 0 d 3 0 0 d 6
= 3 ( −3 + 4 ) + 3 (2 − 0 ) + 4 ( −2 + 0 ) = 1 ≠ 0 1 4
d d 0 0
adj ( adj A ) = | A | 3 − 2 A = A ...(i) ∴ D1D2 = 0 d 2d 5 0 = D2D1
Q
and | adj ( A ) | = | A | 3 −1
=| A| =1 =1
2 2 0 0 d 3d 6
Also, | adj ( adj ( A )) | = | A | = 1 [from Eq. (i)] d12 0 0 d 42 0 0
37. Q A=I −B and D12 + D22 = 0 d 22 0 + 0 0 d 52
0 0 d 32 0 0 d 62
⇒ A 2 = I 2 + B 2 − 2B = I − B = A [Q B is idempotent]
and AB = B − B = B − B = 0
2
[null matrix] d12 + d 42 0 0
and BA = B − B = B − B = 0
2
[null matrix] = 0 d2 + d5
2 2
0
0 0 d 3 + d 6
2 2
38. Q | A | ≠ 0 ⇒ A −1
is also symmetric, if A is symmetric
−1 1 C 2 0 C12 0
and | A |= = | A | −1 45. A1 + A2 + A3 + K + An = 0 2
+ 2
|A| 0 C1 0 C 2
39. Q A 2B = A( AB ) = A( BA ) = ( AB ) A = ( BA ) A = BA 2 C 2 0 Cn2 − 1 0
+ 2 2 + K +
Similarly, A 3B = BA 3 0 C3 0 Cn2
In general, An B = BAn , ∀ n ≥ 1 C 2 + C12 + C 22 + K + Cn2 − 1 0
= 0 2
and ( A + B )n = nC 0An + nC1An − 1B 0 C1 + C 2 + C 3 + K + Cn
2 2 2
+ nC 2An − 2B 2 + K + nCn Bn C −1
2n
0 k1 0
= n =0 k [given]
n − 1
2n
Also, ( A − B ) ( A + B ) = A A + An Bn − Bn An − Bn Bn
n n n n n n 0 C 2
= A 2n − B 2n [Q AB = BA ] ∴ k1 = k2 = 2nCn − 1
43. Q AB = 0 … … … …
−1 m (m n −1)
⇒ | AB | = 0 ⇒ | A | | B | = 0 = A B (A ) A
−1 (mn −1)
or ( det A ) ( det B ) = 0 I = A IA A [QB n = I ]
⇒ Either det A = 0 or det B = 0 I = A −1A (m
n
−1)
A = A −1Am
n
n
Hence, atleast one of the two matrices must be singular ⇒ I = A (m −1)
otherwise this statement is not possible.
∴ p = mn − 1 …(ii) [QA p = I ]
46. Put m = 2, n = 5 in Eq. (ii), we get a11 a12 a13
p = 2 − 1 = 31
5 and det A = a 21 a 22 a 23
47. From Eq. (ii), we get a 31 a 32 a 33
p =m −1 n
Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, we get
48. From Eq. (ii), we get 0 a12 a13
510 ≠ 8 3 − 1 = 0 a 22 a 23 = 0
0 a 32 a 33
Passage (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
∴ (det A ) = 0
2
Q A is an orthogonal matrix
∴ AAT = I 53. Q a11 + a11 + a11 = 0, a11 + a12 + a 21 = 0,
a b c a b c 1 0 0 a11 + a13 + a 31 = 0, a 22 + a 22 + a 22 = 0,
b c a b c a = 1 0 1 0 a 22 + a12 + a 21 = 0, a 22 + a 23 + a 32 = 0,
c a b c a b 0 0 1 a 33 + a13 + a 31 = 0, a 33 + a 23 + a 32 = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 and a 33 + a12 + a 21 = 0, we get
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 1 0 0
a11 = a 22 = a 33 = 0
ab + bc + ca a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca = 0 1 0
and a12 = − a 21, a 23 = − a 32 , a13 = − a 31
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca a 2 + b 2 + c 2 0 0 1
Hence, A is skew-symmetric matrix.
By equality of matrices, we get
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 …(i) Passage (Q. Nos. 54 to 56)
ab + bc + ca = 0 …(ii) α 1 β1 γ1
(a + b + c ) 2 + a 2 = b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca ) Let B = α 2 β 2 γ2
=1 + 0 =1 α 3 β 3 γ 3
∴ a+b+c=±1 …(iii) α 1 β1 γ1
49. Qa 2b 2 + b 2c 2 + c 2a 2 = (ab + bc + ca ) 2 − 2abc(a + b + c ) ∴
C1 = α 2 , C 2 = β 2 and C 3 = γ 2
= 0 − 2abc( ± 1 ) = m 2λ [Qabc = λ] α 3 β 3 γ 3
= − 2λ [Q λ < 0] α1 1
50. Q a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = (a + b + c ) ⇒ AC1 = 2α 1 + α 2 = 0
(a + b + c − ab − bc − ca )
2 2 2
3α 1 + 2α 2 + α 3 0
⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3λ = ( ± 1 )(1 − 0 ) ⇒ α 1 = 1, α 2 = − 2, α 3 = 1
[from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) and abc = λ] β1 2
⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 3λ ± 1 ⇒ AC 2 = 2β1 + β 2 = 3
51. Equation whose roots are a, b, c is 3β1 + 2β 2 + β 3 0
x 3 − (a + b + c ) x 2 + (ab + bc + ca ) x − abc = 0 ⇒ β1 = 2, β 2 = − 1, β 3 = − 4
⇒ x − (± 1)x + 0 − λ = 0
3 2
γ1 2
∴ x ±x −λ=0
3 2 and AC 3 = 2 γ1 + γ 2 = 3
3 γ1 + 2 γ 2 + γ 3 1
Passage (Q. Nos. 52 to 53)
a11 a12 a13 ⇒ γ1 = 2, γ 2 = − 1, γ 3 = − 3
∴ A = a 21 a 22 a 23 1 2 2
a 31 a 32 a 33 ∴ B = −2 −1 − 1
a + a12 + a13 1 −4 − 3
⇒ t1 = 11 = 0, [Qaij + a jk + aki = 0]
3 1 2 2
a + a 22 + a 23 ⇒ det B = −2 −1 −1
t 2 = 21 =0
3
1 −4 −3
a + a 32 + a 33
and t 3 = 31 =0
3 = 1(3 − 4 ) − 2(6 + 1 ) + 2(8 + 1 ) = 3
52. ∑ ∑ aij = 3(t1 + t 2 + t 3 ) = 0 = t1 + t 2 + t 3 1 0 0 1 2 2
1
1 ≤ i, j ≤ 3 and C = 2 1 0 −2 − 1 − 1
3
≠ t1t 2t 3 [Qt1 = 0, t 2 = 0, t 3 = 0] 3 2 1 1 _ 4 − 3
1 2 2 From Eq. (i), we get B = A − 2 I
1
= 0 3 3 ∴ B 3 = ( A − 2 I ) 3 = A 3 − 6 A 2 + 12 A − 8 I
3
0 0 1 = 5A [Q A 3 − 6 A 2 + 7 A − 8 I = 0]
1 2 2 ⇒ | B | = | 5A |
3
3 3 3 1 ⇒ | B | 3 = 5 3| A |
∴ det C = 0 1 1 =
0 0
1 9 ⇒ | B | 3 = 53 × 8
3 ⇒ | B | 3 = (10 ) 3
54. det( B −1 ) =
1
=
1 ∴ | B | = 10
det B 3 From Eq. (ii), we get
Trace of B ( − 3 ) 9 | B | 10
2
25
2
55. = =− det[ adj( I − 2 A −1 )] = = =
Trace of C
5 5 | A | 8 16
3
B B
56. sin −1(det A ) + tan −1(9 det C ) = sin −1(1) + tan −1(1) B − 1 4B 4
61. adj = 2 = 2 = = B [Q| B | = 10]
π π 3π 2 B 1
= + = | B | | B | 10
2 4 4 2 8
Passage (Q. Nos. 57 to 59) 2 p
= B= B [given]
Given, AT = A, BT = − B, det( A + B ) ≠ 0 5 q
and C = ( A + B ) − 1( A − B ) ∴ p = 2 and q = 5
Hence, p + q =7
⇒ ( A + B )C = A − B …(i)
62. S = ABCD = A( BCD ) = AAT …(i)
Also, ( A + B )T = A − B …(ii)
∴ S = ( ABCD ) ( ABCD ) ( ABCD )
3
and ( A − B )T = A + B …(iii)
= ( ABC ) ( DAB ) (CDA ) ( BCD )
57. C T ( A + B )C = C T [( A + B ) C ]
= DT C T BT AT = ( BCD )T AT
= C T (A − B ) [from Eq. (i)]
= ( AT )T AT = AAT = S
= C (A + B )
T T
[from Eq. (ii)]
⇒ S3 = S
= [( A + B ) C ] T
Hence, least value of k is 3.
= ( A − B )T [from Eq. (i)]
1 tan x
63. Q A=
=A+B [from Eq. (iii)]
− tan x 1
58. C T ( A − B ) C = [C T ( A + B )T ]C [from Eq. (ii)] 1 tan x
= [( A + B ) C ]T C ∴ det A = = (1 + tan 2 x ) = sec 2 x
− tan x 1
= ( A − B )T C [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ det AT = det A = sec 2 x
= (A + B )C [from Eq. (iii)] Now, f ( x ) = det ( AT A − 1 ) = (det AT ) (det A − 1 )
=A−B [from Eq. (i)]
det AT
T A + B + A − B = (det AT ) (det A ) − 1 = =1
59. C AC = C
T
C det A
2
∴ λ = f ( f ( f ( f ... f ( x ))))
1 1 144424443
= C T ( A + B )C + C T ( A − B )C n times =1 [Q f ( x ) = 1 ]
2 2
1 1 Hence, 2 λ = 21 = 2
= (A + B ) + (A − B ) [from Q13 and Q15]
2 2 λ21 λ 1λ 2 λ 1λ 3 λ21 λ1 λ 2 λ1 λ 3
=A 64. QA = A ⋅ A = λ 2 λ 1
2
λ22 λ 2 λ 3 λ 2 λ1 λ22 λ 2 λ 3
λ 3 λ1 λ 3λ 2 λ23 λ 3 λ 1 λ3 λ2 λ23
Passage (Q. Nos. 60 to 61)
Q B = A − 2I λ21 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 ) λ 1λ 2( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
∴ A −1B = I − 2 A −1 …(i) = λ 1 λ 2( λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 )
2 2 2
λ22( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
−1
60. det[ adj ( I − 2A )] = det[ adj( A B )] −1 λ 1 λ 3( λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 )
2 2 2
λ 3λ 2( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
[from Eq. (i)]
−1
= | adj( A B )| λ 1 λ 3 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
| B |
2 λ 2 λ 3 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
= | A −1B | 2 = (| A −1|| B | ) 2 = …(ii) λ23 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
| A |
= ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 ) A ⇒ ( A + I )n = I + (2n − 1 ) A …(ii)
Given, A is idempotent Given, we get
⇒ A2 = A ( A + I )n = I + 127 A …(iii)
∴ λ21 + λ22 + λ23 =1 From Eqs (ii) and (iii), we get
x1 2n − 1 = 127
65. Let X = x 2 and given X T AX = O ⇒ 2n = 128 = 2 7
x 3 ∴ n =7
a11 a12 a13 x1 3a b c
⇒ [ x1 x 2 x 3 ] a 21 a 22 a 23 x 2 = O 68. Q A = b 3c a
a 31 a 32 a 33 x 3 c a 3b
a11x1 + a12 x 2 + a13x 3 3a b c
⇒ [ x1 x 2 x 3 ] a 21x1 + a 22 x 2 + a 23x 3 = O ∴ det ( A ) = b 3c a = 29abc − 3(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 )
a 31x1 + a 32 x 2 + a 33x 3 c a 3b
⇒ a11x12 + a12x1x 2 + a13x1x 3 + a 21x1x 2 + a 22 x 22 + a 23x 2x 3 Or
| A | = 29abc − 3(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) …(i)
+ a 31x1x 3 + a 32x 2x 3 + a 33x 32 = 0
Given, A A=4
T 1/ 3
I
⇒ a11x12 + a 22 x 22 + a 33x 32 + (a12 + a 21 ) x1x 2 + (a 23 + a 32 ) x 2 x 3
⇒ | A A| =| 4
T 1/ 3
I|
+ (a 31 + a13 ) x 3x1 = 0
it is true for every x1, x 2, x 3, then ⇒ | A | | A | = (4 ) | I |
T 1/ 3 3
∴ A = A ⋅ A = 4 −3
2
4 4 −3 4 = 0 1 0 = I
0 1
3 −3 4 3 −3 4 0 0 1 69. Q A =
3 0
⇒ A2 = I ⇒ A4 = A6 = A8 = K = I 0 1 0 1 3 0
∴ A2 = A ⋅ A = = = 3I
Now, Ax = I 3 0 3 0 0 3
⇒ x = 2, 4, 6, 8, K ⇒ A 4 = ( A 2 ) 2 = 9 I , A 6 = 27 I , A 8 = 81 I
∴ ∑ (cosx θ + sin x θ ) = (cos2 θ + sin 2 θ ) + (cos4 θ + sin 4 θ ) Now, ( A 8 + A 6 + A 4 + A 2 + I ) V = (121 ) I V = (121 ) V …(i)
+ (cos θ + sin θ ) + K
6 6
0
Given, ( A 8 + A 6 + A 4 + A 2 + I ) V = …(ii)
= (cos2 θ + cos4 θ + cos6 θ + ... ) 11
+ (sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ + sin 6 θ + ... ) 0 0
From Eqs.(i) and (ii), (121 ) V = ⇒ V = 1
cos2 θ sin 2 θ 11 11
= +
1 − cos θ 1 − sin 2 θ
2
1 1
∴ Sum of elements of V = 0 + = =λ [given]
= cot 2 θ + tan 2 θ ≥ 2 11 11
Hence, minimum value of ∑ (cosx θ + sin x θ ) is 2. ∴ 11 λ = 1
3 2 3 1
67. Q A is idempotent matrix 70. Q A = and B = 7 3
∴ A =A
2 2 1
∴ det A = − 1 and det B = 2
⇒ A = A = A = A4 = A5 = K
2 3
…(i)
Now, det (2 A 9 B −1 ) = 2 2 ⋅ det ( A 9 ) ⋅ det ( B − 1 )
Now, ( A + I )n = ( I + A )n
= 2 2 ⋅ (det A ) 9 ⋅ (det B ) − 1
= I + nC1 A + nC 2 A 2 + nC 3 A 3 + K + nCn An
= 2 2 ⋅ ( − 1 ) 9 ⋅ (2 ) − 1 = − 2
= I + (n C1 + nC 2 + nC 3 + ... + nCn ) A
Hence, absolute value of det (2 A 9B − 1 ) = 2
[from Eq.(i)]
0 α 73. (A) → (r, t); (B) → (s); (C )→ (p); (D) → (q)
71. Q A=
0 0 A
(A) adj ( A −1 ) = ( A −1 ) −1 det ( A −1 ) =
0 α 0 α 0 0 det( A )
∴ A2 = A ⋅ A = = =0 adj (adj A ) A[det( A )]n − 2 A
0 0 0 0 0 0 Also, = =
( adj A )n −1 (det A )n −1 det( A )
⇒ A 2 = A 3 = A 4 = A 5 = ... = 0
(B) det( adj (A −1 )) = (det A −1 )n −1
Now, ( A + I ) 70 = ( I + A ) 70
1
= = (det A )1−n
=I + C1 A + C2 A 2 + C 3 A 3 + .. + (det A )n −1
70 70 70 70
C 70 A 70
= I + 70 A + 0 + 0 + K = I + 70 A (C) adj [adj A] = A(det A )n − 2
1 0 a − 1 b − 1 (D) adj ( A det A ) = (det A )n −1 (adj A)
⇒ ( A + I ) 70 − 70 A = I = = [given]
0 1 c − 1 d − 1 74. (A)→(q, s); (B)→(p, t); (C)→(p, q, r, s); (D)→(q, s)
∴ a − 1 = 1, b − 1 = 0, c − 1 = 0, d − 1 = 1 (A) A diagonal matrix is commutative with every square
⇒ a = 2, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2 matrix, if it is scalar matrix, so every diagonal element is 4.
Hence, a + b + c + d = 6 4 0 0
72. (A) → (p, r); (B) → (s); (C) → (q); (D) → (s) Therefore, | A| = 0 4 0 = 64
On comparing, we get 0 0 4
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }a 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }a + f (2 ) = 0 1 −a 1 1
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }b + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }b + f (2 ) = 0,
2 (B) 1 1 −b 1 =0
1 1 1 −c
and { 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }c 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }C + f (2 ) = 0
Applying R1 → R1 − R3 and R2 → R2 − R3, then
It is clear that a, b, c are the roots of
−a 0 c
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 } x 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 } x + f (2 ) = 0, then
0 −b c =0
4 f ( −1 ) − 3 = 0, 4 f (1 ) − 3 = 0, f (2 ) = 0 1 1 1 −c
3 3
⇒ f ( −1 ) = , f (1 ) = , f (2 ) = 0 ⇒ −a( −b + bc − c ) − 0 + c(b ) = 0
4 4
ab + bc + ca = abc …(i)
Let f ( x ) = ( x − 2 )(ax + b )
Now, AM ≥ GM
3 3 1
Now, f ( −1 ) = ⇒ ( −3 )( −a + b ) = ⇒ a −b = ab + bc + ca
1
4 4 4 ⇒ ≥ (ab ⋅ bc ⋅ ca ) 3
3 3 3 3
f (1 ) = ⇒ ( −1 )(a + b ) = ⇒ a+b=− 2
4 4 4 abc
⇒ ≥ (abc ) 3 [from Eq. (i)]
1 1 3
∴ a = − ,b = − 1
4 2
1 ⇒ (abc ) 3 ≥ 3
⇒ f (x ) = (4 − x ) 2
∴ abc ≥ 27
4
Graph of y = f ( x ) Hence, λ = 27
Y a11 a12 a13
(C) Q A = a 21 a 22 a 23
a 31 a 32 a 33
1 3
Given, ∑ aik = 9λi , ∀ i ∈ {1, 2, 3};
X' X k =1
–2 0 2 3
n 1
a2 1 1
101. A2 − A + I = 0
and | B1| = 0 d c =0 [Qc = d , g = h]
0 g h ⇒ I = A − A 2 ⇒ I = A (I − A )
a a2 1 ⇒ A − 1 I = A − 1 ( A( I − A )) ⇒ A − 1 = I − A
| B 2| = 0 0 c = a fc = a df
2 2
[Qc = d ]
x 1 0 0 x 1
f 0 h
102. (i) Let U 1 be y so that 2 1 0 y = 0
a 1 a2 z 3 2 1 z 0
and | B 3| = 0 d 0 = − a 2df x 1
f g 0 ⇒ y = − 2
If a 2df ≠ 0, then | B2| = | B3| ≠ 0 z 1
P 2 (P − Q ) = − Q 2 (P − Q ) a b
130. Let M = , where a, b, c ∈ I
b c
⇒ (P 2 + Q 2 ) (P − Q ) = O
a b
⇒ | (P 2 + Q 2 ) (P − Q ) | = | O | M is invertible if ≠0
b c
⇒ | P 2 + Q2 | | P − Q | = 0 ⇒ ac − b 2 ≠ 0
∴ | P 2 + Q2 | = 0 [Q P ≠ Q ] a b
(a) = ⇒ a = b = c ⇒ ac − b 2 = 0
126. Given, adj A = P b c
∴ Option (a) is incorrect
∴ | adj A | = | P |
(b) [b c ] = [a b ] ⇒ a = b = c ⇒ ac − b 2 = 0
⇒ | A |3 − 1 = | P | [Q | A | = 4 ]
∴ Option (b) is incorrect
⇒ 16 = | P |
a 0
1 α 3 (c) M = , then | M | = ac ≠ 0
0 c
⇒ 16 = 1 3 3
∴ M is invertible
2 4 4
∴ Option (c) is correct.
⇒ 16 = 1( 0 ) − α ( 4 − 6 ) + 3( 4 − 6 )
(d) As ac ≠ (Integer)2 ⇒ ac ≠ b 2
⇒ 16 = 2α − 6
∴ Option (d) is correct.
⇒ 2α = 22
∴ α = 11 131. Given, MN = NM, M ≠ N 2 and M 2 = N 4
Then, M2 = N 4
127. (a) ( N T MN )T = N T MT ( N T )T = N T MT N = N T MN
⇒ (M + N 2 ) (M − N 2 ) = 0
or − N T MN According as M is symmetric or
skew-symmetric. ∴ M + N2 = 0 [Q M ≠ N 2 ]
∴ Correct. ⇒ | M + N2 | = 0
(b) ( MN − NM )T = ( MN )T − ( NM )T = N T MT − MT N T
(a) | M 2 + MN 2 | = | M | | M + N 2 | = 0
= NM − MN [Q M, N are symmetric]
= − ( MN − NM ) ∴ Option (a) is correct.
∴ correct (b) ( M 2 + MN 2 ) U = M ( M + N 2 ) U = 0
(c) ( MN )T = N T MT = NM ≠ MN [Q M, N are symmetric] ∴ Option (b) is correct.
∴ Incorrect.
(c) Q | M 2 + MN 2 | = 0 from option (a) or adj A = AT
∴ | M 2 + MN 2 | 2 b 5a 3
−3 5a = −b 2
1
V
or
∴ Option (c) is incorrect.
⇒ 5a = 2 and b = 3
(d) If AX = 0 and | A | = 0, then X can be non-zero.
∴ 5a + b = 5
132. Q AAT = 9I P .Q Q
135. Q PQ = kI ⇒ = I ⇒ P −1 = …(i)
1 2 2 1 2 a 1 0 0 k k
2 1 − 2 2 1 2 = 9 0 1 0 Also P = 12α + 20 …(ii)
−k
a 2 b 2 − 2 b 0 0 1 and given q 23 =
8
9 0 a + 4 + 2b 9 0 0 Comparing the third element of 2nd row on both sides,
⇒ 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b = 0 9 0 1 1 −k
we get ( − (3α + 4 )) = ×
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b 0 0 9
2 2 (12α + 20 ) k 8
⇒ 24α + 32 = 12α + 20
On comparing, we get
α = −1 …(iii)
a + 2b + 4 = 0 … (i) From (ii), P =8 …(iv)
2a − 2b + 2 = 0 … (ii) Also PQ = kI
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ PQ = kI
a = − 2, ⇒ P Q = k3
b = −1
k2 k2
∴ Ordered pair is ( − 2, − 1 ). ⇒ 8× = k3 Q P = 8, Q =
2 2
133. Q X T = − X , Y T = − Y , Z T = Z
∴ k=4 …(v)
(a) ( Y 3 Z 4 − Z 4 Y 3 )T = ( Y 3 Z 4 )T − ( Z 4 Y 3 )T (b) 4α − k + 8 = −4 − 4 + 8 = 0
2
= ( Z 4 )T (Y 3 )T − (Y 3 )T ( Z 4 )T (c) det ( P adj (Q )) = P adj Q = P Q = 8 × 8 2 = 2 9
2
= ( Z T ) 4 (Y T ) 3 − (Y T ) 3 ( Z T ) 4 (d) det (Q adj ( P )) = Q adj P = Q P = 8 × 82 = 29
= − Z 4Y 3 + Y 3 Z 4 −1 + 3i
136. Q Z = =ω …(i)
2
= Y 3Z 4 − Z 4Y 3
⇒ ω 3 = 1 and 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0
Option (a) is incorrect.
( −ω )r ω 2s
(b) X 44 + Y 44 is symmetric matrix. Option b is incorrect. Now, P = 2s
ω ωr
(c) ( X 4 Z 3 − Z 3X 4 )T = ( X 4 Z 3 )T − ( Z 3 X 4 )T ( −ω )r ω 2s ( −ω )r ω 2s
∴ P 2 = 2s
= ( Z 3 )T ( X 4 )T − ( X 4 )T ( Z 3 )T ω ωr ω 2s ωr
= (Z T )3 (X T )4 − (X T )4 (Z T )3 ω 2r + ω 4 s ω 2r (( −ω )r + ωr )
= 2s
ω (( −ω ) + ω ) ω 4 s + ω 2r
r r
= Z 3X 4 − X 4 Z 3
= − ( X 4 Z 3 − Z 3X 4 ) ω 2r + ω s ω 2s (( −ω )r + ωr )
= 2s (Q ω = 1 )
3
ω (( − ω )r
+ ω s
) ω s
+ ω 2r
∴ Option (c) is correct.
− 1 0
(d) X 23 + Y 23 is skew-symmetric matrix. Option (d) is P 2 = −I = …(ii)
Q
correct. 0 −1
Form Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
134. Q A adj A = AAT
ω 2r + ω s = −1
⇒ A −1( A adj A ) = A −1( AAT ) and ω (( −ω )r + ωr ) = 0
2s
⇒ ( A −1A ) adj A = ( A −1A ) AT ⇒r is odd and s = r but not a multiple of 3. Which is possible
⇒ I ( adj A ) = IA T when r = s = 1
∴ Only one pair is there.
1 0 0 0 0 0 q11 q12 q13 0 0 0
137. P = 4 1 0 = I + 4
0 0 = I + A ∴ q q q = 200 0 0
21 22 23
16 4 1 16 4 0 q 31 q 32 q 33 20400 200 0
0 0 0 On comparing, we get
Let A =4 0 0 q 21 = q 32 = 200, q 31 = 20400
16 4 0
q 31 + q 32 20400 + 200
0 0 0 0 0 0 ∴ =
q 21 200
⇒ A =0 0
2
0 and A = 0 0 0
3
= 102 + 1 = 103
16 0 0 0 0 0
2 −3 2 −3 16 −9
⇒ An is a null matrix ∀n ≥ 3 138. Q A 2 = =
50 × 49 2 −4 1 −4 1 −12 13
∴ P 50 = ( I + A ) 50 = I + 50 A + A
2 16 −9 2 −3
∴ 3 A 2 + 12 A = 3 + 12 −4 1
⇒ Q + J = I + 50 A + 25 × 49 A 2 − 12 13
or Q = 50 A + 25 × 49 A 2 72 −63
=
0 0 0 0 0 0 −84 51
= 200 0 0 + 0 0 0 51 63
⇒ adj (3 A 2 + 12 A ) =
800 200 0 19600 0 0 84 72