Aqa Unit 1 June 2002 Ms

Mark scheme June 2002 GCE
Biology A / Human Biology Unit BYA1
Copyright 2002 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales 3644723 and a registered charity number 1073334 Registered address: Addleshaw Booth & Co., Sovereign House, PO Box 8, Sovereign Street, Leeds LS1 1HQ Kathleen Tattersall: Director General
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Question 1
(a) Cell
GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1
June 2002
Red blood cell Lymphocyte Photosynthesising cell from a leaf Bacterium Mark down, one mark for each correct column. (b) (i) Any two from: Cellulose / starch / amylose / amylopectin; Do not allow starch with amylose or amylopectin. (ii)
Plasma membrane
Feature Nucleus
Cell wall
3 1
1500 = 2 marks;; Error with units but answer clearly derived by dividing drawing size by actual size = 1 mark; (Focused) at different level / depth; Looking at different structures / parts of structure;
2 max 2
(iii)
Total 8 marks
Question 2
(a) (i) (ii) (Polypeptide is) coiled / folded; Way in which whole molecule is folded / globular shape / folding of secondary structure / further folding / Do not accept 3D shape if not further explained. Structure held by ionic / disulphide bonds; reject hydrogen bonds / peptide bonds only. Causes bonds which hold the tertiary structure / named bond; To break; Shape no longer maintained / protein denatured; 5; Substrates / active sites with shapes; Active site / substrate with complementary (shape); Fitting / binding / forming E-S complex;
1 2 max 1 3
(iii)
(b)
(i) (ii)
Total 8 marks
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Question 3
(a)
June 2002
Bilayer / two molecules thick; Heads / hydrophilic parts outwards / Tails / hydrophobic parts inward; Credit information provided in a diagram, labelling essential for second marking point. Reject water loving / water hating. Only parts of membrane with receptors / molecules into which surface proteins will fit / recognition / binding sites; Endocytosis / phagocytosis / pinocytosis; Reject cytosis. (i) (ii) Lysosome; Enzymes; Digests / breaks down / hydrolyses (other molecules); Reject cholesterol.
(b)
1 1 1 2 Total 7 marks
(c)
(d)
Question 4
(a) Thin / single layer of cells / large surface area; Do not accept references to moist surface. Smaller surface area; For diffusion of carbon dioxide from blood / into lungs / diffusion slower; Reject second point if answer referring to oxygen only. (i) Greater concentration / number of red blood cells; More haemoglobin (to carry oxygen); (For the body to produce) more red blood cells; Link established between red blood cells and transport of oxygen;
(b)
2 2 2
(c)
(ii)
Total 7 marks
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Question 5
(a) (i) (ii)
June 2002
Activation energy / amount of energy required for reaction; Curve starting and finishing at correct energy levels; Activation energy lower (i.e. less than x); Energy in products less (than in substrate / hydrogen peroxide); Energy given off / lost as heat / exergonic / exothermic; (Molecules have) less (kinetic) energy; Move slower; Fewer collisions / fewer enzyme-substrate complexes formed;
1 2 2 2 max Total 7 marks
(iii)
(b)
Question 6
(a) (i) (ii) Units include both volume and time; Heart beats faster so more blood leaves heart in given time / increased cardiac output; Needs reference to given time in order to explain rate. 1. Impulses; 2. Along sympathetic / (cardiac) accelerator nerve; 3. Increases rate of discharge / contraction; 4. Of SAN / pacemaker; 5. No / fewer impulses; 6. Along parasympathetic / vagus nerve; Amount of oxygen (falls) in veins from muscles; More blood is flowing to lungs; More oxygen can diffuse / pass into blood from alveoli / lungs; More oxygen in blood in pulmonary vein / arteries to body;
1 1
(b)
3 max 1 2 max Total 8 marks
(c) (d)
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Question 7
(a) (i) (ii) (b) (i)
June 2002
Atoms / named atoms arranged differently / isomers; C12; H22 O11: Facilitated diffusion is movement from high to low concentration / down concentration gradient; reject across / along Facilitated diffusion does not require energy / ATP / is passive;
1 2 2
(ii)
Produces greater water potential gradient / lower / more negative water potential in cells / less negative / higher water potential in intestine; Water moves (into cells) by osmosis / diffusion; Based on central carbon atom / -carbon; COOH group; NH2 / amino group; H; Allow information on diagram. Do not accept both have an R-group. Method 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(c)
2 max
(d)
Load; Method of producing small spot; Repetition to concentrate; Assemble apparatus with solvent below origin; Leave until solvent near top of paper; Use reagent to identify / show up sugars / mark solvent front; Turn through 90 / separate further with / use another solvent with 2-dimensional chromatography; Maximum of 4 marks from this section Identification 8. Calculate Rf value; 9. By dividing distance moved by spot by distance moved by solvent; 10. Look up in table / compare with standard values; OR 11. Compare distance moved; 12. With distance moved by known substance; 13. On same chromatogram; Maximum of 2 marks from this section 6 max
Total 15 marks
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Question 8
(a) (i)
June 2002
Filling time stays constant / increases very little / as heart rate increases; Decrease in contraction time as heart rate increases; Allow maximum of 1 mark if no reference to heart rate. Work out time for one heart beat / one heart beat takes 1 second; Subtract filling time / 0.38s; Credit these basic points however determined. If the calculation has been done, credit any point in method clearly explained. OR Plot contraction time against heart rate; Read off value for 60 beats per minute; Stroke volume / volume of blood pumped out at each beat;
(ii)
2 1
(iii) (b) (i)
Valve located between Left atrium and left ventricle Left ventricle and aorta Right atrium and right ventricle Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Open ; ;
Closed
2 1 1
(ii)
Pressure constant / smooth in vein / only have pressure surges in artery; Contraction of ventricle / systole / entry of blood into aorta; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. At (arteriole) end of capillary; Hydrostatic / blood pressure; Forces out soluble / small molecules; And water; Protein remains in blood / plasma; Molecules too large; More negative / lower water potential at (venule) end; Water drawn in by osmosis / diffuses in; Some fluid returned (to blood) by lymphatic system;
(iii) (c)
6 max Total 15 marks

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Mark scheme June 2002 GCE

Biology A / Human Biology Unit BYA1

Copyright 2002 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1

GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1

GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1

1 2 2 2 max Total 7 marks

3 max 1 2 max Total 8 marks

GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1

GCE: Biology A / Human Biology BYA1

(iii) (b) (i)

6 max Total 15 marks

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