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Introduction To Experimental Programme Assignment - Solutions

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4 views

Introduction To Experimental Programme Assignment - Solutions

Uploaded by

venkatesh.pranauv
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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IB Chemistry

Introduction to Experimental Programme


(Solutions)
A1 C
Zero-offset error is a systematic error that only affects the accuracy of the readings.

A2 B
All four readings are within ± 0.002 V of each other so the readings are precise. However, the zero error

on the voltmeter results in an inaccurate average measurement.

A3 B
Repeated measurements can only reduce random errors but not systematic errors.

A4 B

33.60 ± 0.05 cm3 means that the actual value is between 33.55 cm3 to 33.65 cm3. Therefore, 33.58 cm3

and 33.64 cm3 fall within this range.

A5 C

Since the range of readings = 50.2 cm – 49.8 cm = 0.4 cm, the uncertainty can be taken as ± 0.2 cm. The

measurement is the average of the maximum and minimum values of the range i.e. 50.0 cm and the

measurement is therefore recorded as 50.0 ± 0.2 cm.

A6 B

V = πr2h. Rearrangement of this expression to determine r gives r = ("# )1/2.


!

Percentage uncertainty of r = ½ (percentage uncertainty of V + percentage uncertainty of h)


Percentage uncertainty of r = ½ (7% + 3%) = ½ (10%) = 5%

N.B. Refer to IB Chemistry data booklet Section 23. Uncertainties for uncertainties propagation formula
for exponents:

i.e. the exponent “n” in the expression becomes a multiplication factor in the propagated uncertainty.

A7a. (8.71 × 0.0301) / 0.056 = 0.262 (least SF is 3 for multiplication) / 0.056 = 4.7 (least SF is 2 for

division)

A7b. 0.71 + 81.8 = 82.5 (least d.p. is 1 for addition)

A7c. 8.937 − 8.930 = 0.007 (least d.p. is 3 for subtraction)

A7d. 934 × 0.00435 + 107 = 4.06 (least SF is 3 for multiplication) + 107 = 111 (least d.p. is ones place for
addition)

1
IB Chemistry

A7e. (847.89 − 847.73) × 14673 = 0.16 (least d.p. is 2 for subtraction) × 14673 = 2300 (least SF is 2 for

multiplication)

A7f. 0.00015 × 54.6 + 1.002 = 0.0082 (least SF is 2 for multiplication) + 1.002 = 1.010 (least d.p. is 3 for
addition)

A8 (a) 1.77 ± 0.02 g


(b) 52.00 ± 0.02 g

(c) 24.15 ± 0.10 cm3


$.$$&$
A9a. Rate =
'(

7.9 x 10-5 (mol dm–3 s–1) P

The number of significant figures must be correct.


(only 2 significant figures) because of precision of time/[Br2] measurements P [2]

M2 can only be scored if M1 correct.


$.$$$)
A9b. Percentage uncertainty of [Br2]: $.$)$$ × 100 % = 1%

AND
)
Percentage uncertainty of time: )*& × 100 % = 0.80% P

Overall percentage uncertainty: 1.8% P

(sum up percentage uncertainties in division, 2 sf as < 2%) [2]

A10a. Mass of water


= (105.23 – 5.00) g = 100.23 g P
Absolute uncertainty of mass of water

= ± (0.01 + 0.01) g = ± 0.02 g

Percentage uncertainty of mass of water


$.$*
= ± )$$.*( × 100 = ± 0.020% P

A10b. Mass of KBr = (6.61 – 0.50) g = 6.11 g


'.)) ,
Amount (in mol) of KBr = = 0.0513 mol P
))-.$$ , ./0-1

Absolute uncertainty of mass of KBr = ± (0.01 + 0.01) g = ± 0.02 g

Percentage uncertainty of moles = percentage uncertainty of mass + percentage uncertainty of

molar mass
$.$*
Percentage uncertainty of moles = ± '.))
× 100% + 0% (as the uncertainty of molar mass is

unknown)
Percentage uncertainty of moles = ± 0.33% P

2
IB Chemistry

A10c. Change in temperature of water = (19.0 ± 0.1) – (21.1 ± 0.1) = (- 2.1 ± 0.2) oC P

Absolute uncertainty of temperature change = ± (0.1 + 0.1) = ± 0.2


$.*
Percentage uncertainty of temperature change = ± *.) × 100% = ± 9.5% P
. ×2 ×∆4
A10d. ΔHsoln = − 5

= - (100.23 × 4.18 × - 2.1) / (0.0513 × 1000) = 17.150 ≈ 17 kJ mol-1 (2 s.f.)


Ans: (17 ± 2 ) kJ mol-1 / (17000 ± 2000 ) J mol-1 P

Total percentage uncertainty = ± (0.02% + 0.33% + 9.5)% = ± 9.85 = ± 10 % (1 s.f.)


Total absolute uncertainty = ± 10% × 17.150 = ± 1.7 ≈ ± 2 P (1 s.f.)

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