Ionic Equilibrium

IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which one of the following molecular hydrides acts as a Lewis acid?
(a) NH3 (b) H2O
(c) B2H6 (d) CH4
2. An acid HA ionises as
HA ⇌H+ + A−
The pH of 1.0 M solution is 5. Its dissociation constant
would be:
(a) 5 (b) 5 x 10−8
(c) 1 x 10−5 (d) 1 x 10−10
3. The pH of a 10−9 M solution of HCl in water is:

(a) 8 (b) −8
(c) Between 7 and 8 (d) Between 6 and 7
4. Which of the following does NOT act as Bronsted acid?

(a) NH4+ (b)CH3COO−
(c) HCO3− (d)HSO3−
5. One litre of water contains 10−7 mole of H+ ions. Degree of ionisation of water is:
(a) 5.4 × 10−9 (b) 5.4 × 10−7
(c) 1.8 × 10−7 (d) 0.8 × 10−9
6. The following equilibrium exists in aqueous solution

CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO− + H+
If dilute HCl is added:
(a) acetate ion concentration will decrease.
(b) the equilibrium constant will increase.
(c) the equilibrium constant will decrease
(d) acetate ion concentration will increase.
7. The solubility of CaF2 in pure water is 2.3 × 10–4 mol dm–3.

Its solubility product will be:
(a) 4.6 × 10–4 (b) 4.6 × 10–8
–12
(c) 6.9 × 10 (d) 4.9 × 10–11
8. The buffering action of an acidic buffer is maximum when its

pH is equal
(a) 5 (b) 7
(c) 1 (d) pKa
9. The pKa of a weak acid (HA) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffer solution of HA in
which 50% of the acid is ionized is
(a) 7.0 (b) 4.5
(c) 2.5 (d) 9.5
10. If 20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 30 mL of 0.2 M CH3COOH (pKa=4.74),

the pOH of the resulting solution is:
(a) 4.44 (b) 9.56
(c) 8.96 (d) 9.26
11. What is the pOH of a saturated solution of Cu(OH)2? (Ksp = 2.6 x 10−19)
(a) 6.1 (b) 7.30
(c) 7.90 (d) 8.42
12. The conjugate base of H2PO4− is:

(a) H3PO4 (b) HPO42−
(c) PO43− (d) P2O5
13. What is the concentration of Ba2+ when BaF2 (Ksp=1.0×10−6) begins to precipitate
from a solution that is 0.30M F−?
(a) 3.0×10−7 (b) 9.0 ×10−7
−5
(c) 3.3 ×10 (d) 1.1 ×10−5
14. Solubility of AgCl in 0.2 M NaCl is x and that in 0.1 M AgNO 3 is y. Then which of
the following is correct?
(a) x = y (b) x > y
(c) x < y (d) cannot be determined
15. The product of ionic concentration in a saturated solution of an electrolyte at a given

temperature is constant and is known as
(a) ionic product of the electrolyte (b) solubility product
(c) ionization constant (d) dissociation constant
Assertion-Reason type questions:

These questions consist of two statements each, printed as Assertion and Reason. Choose the
correct among the following four responses.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): If water is heated to 50ºC then pH will increase.

Reason (R): Kw increases with increase in temperature. Ans: d
2. Assertion (A): pH of 10−7 M HCl is less than 7 at 25 ºC.
Reason (R): At very low concentration of HCl, contribution of H+ from water is
considerable. Ans: a
3. Assertion (A): The ionisation of hydrogen sulphide in water is low in the presence of
HCl.
Reason (R): Hydrogen sulphide is a weak acid. Ans: b
4. Assertion (A): An aqueous solution of ammonium acetate can act as a buffer.
Reason (R): Acetic acid is a weak acid and NH4OH is a weak base. Ans: b
5. Assertion (A): All Arrhenius acids are also Bronsted acids.
Reason (R): All Lewis bases are also Bronsted bases. Ans: b
6. Assertion (A): If Ksp< ionic product, precipitate is formed.
Reason (R): Solubility product is the highest limit of ionic product of the electrolyte
in saturated solutions. Ans: a
7. Assertion (A): H3PO3 is a dibasic compound.
Reason (R): The two hydrogen atoms are directly attached to P. Ans: c
8. Assertion (A): H2O is amphoteric in nature.
Reason (R): H2O can accept a proton to form H3O+ ion and can donate a proton to
form OH− ion. Ans: a
9. Assertion (A): CH3COOH and CH3COO− are conjugate acid-base pairs.
Reason (R): These differ by H+. Ans: a
2+
10. Assertion (A): Pb is precipitated as PbS in group II.
Reason (R): An alkaline medium is needed in group II for precipitation. Ans: c
Answer the following questions:

1. For a weak electrolyte how the degree of ionisation is affected with dilution?
2. Write the conjugate bases of the following Bronsted acids: HF, H 2SO4, HCO3−.
3. What are the conjugate acids of the following Bronsted bases: NH3, H2O.
4. What is the effect of temperature on Kw?
5. A 10-8 M solution of an acid cannot have pH=8. Justify.
6. Write the necessary condition for precipitation.
7. Comment on the term “Common Ion effect” with an example.
8. Why Cu2+ is precipitated as sulphides in group II in the identification test of cations?
9. What happens if few drops of NaOH are added to a solution that contains acetic acid
and sodium acetate?
10. Zn is precipitated as ZnS in group IV in alkaline medium only. Explain.
Numerical problems:
1. Calculate the degree of dissociation and concentration of H 3O+ ions in 0.01 M
solution of formic acid (Ka = 2.1 × 10−4 at 298 K) Ans: 0.14, 0.0014
2. A 0.01 M solution of acetic acid is 1.34 % ionised (degree of dissociation = 0.0134) at
298 K. What is the ionization constant of acetic acid? Ans: 1.8 x 10−6
3. Find the pH value of (i) 0.001 M H2SO4 and (ii) 0.0008 M Ba(OH)2 solution.
Ans: 3, 11.2
4. Calculate the pH of 10−8 molar NaOH solution. Ans: 7.02
5. The pH of 0.04 M hydrazine solution is 9.7. Calculate its ionisation constant Kb and
pKb. Ans: 8.96 x 10−7, 6.04
6. The Ksp of CaF2 at 298 K is 1.7×10−10.Calculate its solubility in mol L−1.
Ans: 3.5 x 10-4
7. Calculate the solubility of A2X3 in pure water, assuming that neither kind of ion reacts
with water. The solubility product of A2X3, Ksp=1.1×10−23 Ans: 1.0 x 10-5 M
8. A buffer solution is made from 0.4M CH3COOH and 0.6M CH3COONa. If the
dissociation constant of CH3COOH is 1.8 x 10-5, what is the pH of the buffer
solution? (log 1.8 = 0.25) Ans: 4.87
2+ 2−
9. 0.03 mole of Ca ions is added to a litre of 0.01 M SO4 solution. Will it cause
precipitation of CaSO4? Ksp for CaSO4 = 2.4×10−5. Ans: Yes
10. In a basic buffer 0.0025 mole of NH4Cl and 0.15 mole of NH4OH are present.
Calculate the pH of the solution? (pKa = 4.74) Ans: 11.04

Ionic Equilibrium

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IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Multiple Choice Questions:

3. The pH of a 10−9 M solution of HCl in water is:

4. Which of the following does NOT act as Bronsted acid?

6. The following equilibrium exists in aqueous solution

7. The solubility of CaF2 in pure water is 2.3 × 10–4 mol dm–3.

8. The buffering action of an acidic buffer is maximum when its

10. If 20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 30 mL of 0.2 M CH3COOH (pKa=4.74),

12. The conjugate base of H2PO4− is:

15. The product of ionic concentration in a saturated solution of an electrolyte at a given

Assertion-Reason type questions:

1. Assertion (A): If water is heated to 50ºC then pH will increase.

Answer the following questions:

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