Design Thinking and Innovation-Basic

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 Evaluation Process
Continuous Assessment [IA Marks]: Total 100 Marks
• One Assignment: 50 marks
• Coursera/Linked in Course: 25 Marks
• Class Performance/Attendance: 25 marks
End Term Exams: Total 100 Marks
• (Written Exam): 50 Marks
• One Semester Project: 50 Marks [Project Presentation is must for each Group
(maximum 4 members)]
Question Paper Pattern for End Sem Exam:
• 5 Question of 2 marks
• 4 Questions of 5 Marks
• 2 Questions of 10 Marks
Each questions will have one alternative Questions 2
Syllabus: Introduction to Design Thinking, Importance of Design Thinking and Innovation
in Today’s World, Stages of Design Thinking, Design Thinking: A Non-Linear Process,
Understanding the User: Empathy and Empathy Mapping, Case Studies of Empathy
Mapping, Customer Journey Mapping, Case Studies of Customer Journey Mapping,
Techniques for generating ideas: Brainstorming and Its Importance, Techniques for
generating ideas: Mind Mapping and Its Importance, Divergent Thinking and Convergent
Thinking, Human Centered Design and Case Studies of Human Centered Design.

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❑ Design thinking is a blend of logic, powerful
imagination, systematic reasoning and intuition
to bring to the table the ideas that promise to solve the
problems of the clients with desirable outcomes. It helps to
bring creativity with business insights.
❑ It is not just a strategy to come up with feasible solutions to
a problem, but also a method to think of unimaginable
solutions and then trying to make them not just feasible,
but also viable.
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Empathize: Research Your Users' Needs

❑ Here, you should gain an empathetic understanding of

the problem you’re trying to solve, typically through

user research.

❑ Empathy is crucial to a human-centered design process

such as design thinking because it allows you to set

aside your own assumptions about the world and gain

real insight into users and their needs.

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Define: State Your Users' Needs and Problems
❑ It’s time to accumulate the information gathered
during the Empathize stage. You then analyze
your observations and synthesize them to define
the core problems you and your team have
identified.
❑ These definitions are called problem statements.
You can create personas to help keep your efforts
human-centered before proceeding to ideation.

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Ideate: Challenge Assumptions and Create Ideas
Now, you’re ready to generate ideas. The solid background of
knowledge from the first two phases means you can start to “think
outside the box”, look for alternative ways to view the problem
and identify innovative solutions to the problem statement you’ve
created. Brainstorming is particularly useful here.

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Prototype: Start to Create Solutions
❑ This is an experimental phase. The aim is to
identify the best possible solution for each
problem found.
❑ Your team should produce some inexpensive,
scaled-down versions of the product (or
specific features found within the product) to
investigate the ideas you’ve generated. This
could involve simply paper prototyping.
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Test: Try Your Solutions Out
Evaluators rigorously test the prototypes. Although
this is the final phase, design thinking is iterative:
Teams often use the results to redefine one or more
further problems. So, you can return to previous
stages to make further iterations, alterations and
refinements – to find or rule out alternative
solutions.

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 Design Thinking- A Non Linear Process

Overall, you should understand

that these stages are
different modes which
contribute to the entire design
project, rather than sequential
steps. Your goal throughout is
to gain the deepest
understanding of the users and
what their ideal
solution/product would be. 17
 Features of Design Thinking

❑ Finding simplicity in complexities.

❑ Having a beautiful and aesthetically appealing
product.
❑ Improving clients’ and end user’s quality of
experience.
❑ Creating innovative, feasible, and viable solutions
to real world problems.
❑ Addressing the actual requirements of the end
users.
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 How Design Thinking will Help You?

❑ To optimize the ability to innovate.

❑ To develop a variety of concepts, products, services, processes, etc. for end
users.
❑ To leverage the diverse ideas of innovation.
❑ To convert useful data, individual insights and vague ideas into feasible
reality.
❑ To connect with the customers and end-users by targeting their actual
requirements.
❑ How to use the different tools used by designers in their profession for solving
your customers’ problems.

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 Applications of Design Thinking
Business
• Design thinking is most popular in businesses.
• It helps them in optimization processes, especially with respect to product
creation, marketing, and contract renewal.
Information Technology
• The IT industry makes a lot of products that require trials and proof of concepts.
• The industry needs to empathize with its users and not simply deploy
technologies.
• IT is not only about technology or products, but also processes.
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 Applications of Design Thinking
Education
• The education sector in our economy demands the most when it comes to
creative solutions.
• It essentially can make the best use of design thinking through student
feedback.
Healthcare
• Design thinking plays a vital role in the healthcare industry as well.
• The expenditure in this sector is healthcare is continuing to increase by the day.
• A major concern of the experts worldwide is about bringing quality healthcare
to people at lower costs.
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 Applications of Design Thinking

❑ Entertainment
❑ Consumables
❑ Banking
❑ Travel and lodging
❑ Technology and communication

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 Empathy
What is Empathize?
❑ Empathize is the first stage of the design thinking process.
❑ Design teams conduct research to get personal grasps of their
users’ needs.
❑ They set aside assumptions to obtain insights into the users’
world by observing and consulting with users.
❑ This way, they can understand users’ experiences, motivations and
problems.

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 How to Empathize to Get the Right Insights
❑ Observing real users
❑ Conducting photo- and/or video-based studies in users’ natural
environments or sessions with the design team or consultants
❑ Personal photo/video journals
❑ Interviewing users
❑ Engaging with extreme users
❑ Analogous empathy
❑ Sharing inspiring stories
❑ Bodystorming
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 You Should Divide Your Observations into Three
Sections: What, How and Why.
What How Why
In What, note down the In How, describe how the In Why, try to interpret the
details of what happens person you observe carries scene. Based on the What
during the user out tasks. For instance, do and How observations, you
observation. What does the they put in a great deal of now need to guess the
person do? What happens effort? Does the person emotional drivers behind the
in the background? What frown or smile while they person you observe. They
does the person hold? Use carry out the task? Does the might frown while they
adjectives to describe what person use many ad hoc carry out a task because they
happens and try to be as tools to make the task are concerned they will hurt
concrete as possible. easier? Try to describe the themself in the process—
emotional impact they which means safety is a
experience as they perform driver of their behaviours.
the task.
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Empathy Mapping
❑ An empathy map is a template that organizes a user’s behaviors
and feelings to create a sense of empathy between the user and
your team. The empathy map represents a principal user and
helps teams better understand their motivations, concerns, and
user experience.
❑ There are four quadrants to a traditional empathy map. These
are: Does, Thinks, Says, and Feels. These quadrants will all ask
unique questions about how you can analyze the perspective of
the user and what they accomplish in their daily use. 30
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Says: The “says” portion of the Think: The “thinks” section of the empathy map
empathy map focuses on the things is focused on what goes through your customer’s
your principal user says to you about mind as they perform the actions stated in the
the product and its use. This data can “does” section. Not only does this break down
usually be easily gathered by what goes through their mind during the “does”
conducting a usability test or a survey section but also what they think about the entire
to better understand their opinions. experience of using your product/service.

Does: This section is dedicated to the Feel: The feels quadrant takes into account the
tasks that your user accomplishes as emotions of the user as they walk through your
they use your product/service. This is product/service. There can be a lot of contrasting
where the understanding of a customer feelings in this section, and it’s important to
journey is very helpful because you can think not only about what they feel about the
map out each step that your user takes entire process, but how they feel about each
and understand each specific task they specific step as well.
complete.
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Empathy Mapping Case Study-1 : Buying a Flight Ticket

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Empathy Mapping case study-2 : A New Mobile Phone

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Empathy Mapping Case Study-3 : Buying a TV

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Empathy Mapping Case Study-4 : Plan a Staff Party

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Problem Statement

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What Is a Wicked Problem?
A wicked problem is a social or cultural problem that’s difficult or
impossible to solve because of its complex and interconnected nature.
Wicked problems lack clarity in both their aims and solutions, and are subject
to real-world constraints which hinder risk-free attempts to find a solution.
Classic examples of wicked problems are these:
• Poverty
• Climate change
• Education
• Homelessness
• Sustainability
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 Characteristics of Wicked Problems
❖ There is no definitive formula for a wicked problem.
❖ Wicked problems have no stopping rule—there’s no way to know whether
your solution is final.
❖ Solutions to wicked problems are not true or false (right or wrong); they can
only be good or bad.
❖ You cannot immediately test a solution to a wicked problem.
❖ Every solution to a wicked problem is a “one-shot operation” because there is
no opportunity to learn by trial and error—every attempt counts significantly.
❖ Every wicked problem is essentially unique.

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 How to Tackle Wicked Problems
A Combination of Systems Thinking and Agile Methodology Can Help You
Tackle Wicked Problems

❑ Systems thinking is the process of understanding how components

of a system influence each other as well as other systems—and
therefore it’s pretty much perfect for wicked problems!

❑ Agile methodology, an iterative approach to design and product

development. Agile methodology helps to improve solutions through
collaboration.

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Together, systems thinking and agile methodology lead us to a better solution at
each iteration as they both evolve with the wicked problem.

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Problem Statement: Dry and Wet waste management
Mixing of dry and wet waste is notoriously known for several problems:
1. Nasty foul greenhouse gases when they break down in landfills.
2. Sewage line choking causing heavy waterlogs.
Come up with a technologically driven innovative solution to segregate dry and wet waste in
an efficient manner.

Problem Statement: Groundwater contamination

Groundwater contamination is known to kill 1in every 4 hours as per Bengaluru news. The
situation is even worse in Indian villages. Devise solutions to help track proper monitoring of
water contamination level and purifications in the rural background.

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Problem Statement: Non-contact and efficient delivery solutions
The COVID-19 pandemic has fostered people to re-evaluate their primacies very
quickly and has forced them to adapt to the constraints set by governments
imposing self-isolation.
Expand and develop a contactless home delivery system that can play a vital
role in ensuring a smooth-running lifestyle even within the houses.

Problem Statement: Rectify the problem of vapor formation on the spectacles

while wearing the mask.
While wearing masks in this pandemic situation is a compulsion, on the other
hand it creates a miserable condition for people using spectacles due to the
formation of vapors on glasses. Formulate an innovative idea related to this
problem.
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Home work1: Create an Empathy Map of any of your
Product that You would like to Develop. Formulate a
Problem Statement for that Product.

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