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Introduction
The mini project “Sagar City’ is the sample project for Sagar . The project aims at developing Sagar information system using the HTML language that enables an organization to maintain its library. The project demonstrates the creation of a user interface of a system, without the use of HTML The application uses basic HTML tag to generate menus, show web page and print text on the screen. To display customized text with colors and fonts according to application requirements, functions have been created in the application, which fetch the exact video memory addresses of a target location, to write text at a particular location. The website also implements the concept of structures to define the City items. It also effectively applies the various HTML concepts such as file Link, Tool and Picture..
1 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
HARDWARE:-
Pentium 133 or better( Compactible Processer).
64 MB RAM (32 MB minimum) Window XP or Window 7 or Window NT 4.0 Operating System. 500 MB free hard disk space and 132 MB swap space. Pointing Device(Mouse). Keyboard. CD-ROM drive Printer Modem(connection to internet). Moniter.
SOFTWARE:-
*Notepad. *Browser(Internet explorer, Google chrom or Mozila firefox
2 HTML HyperText Markup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web pages, as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically and, before the advent of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), included cues for the presentation or appearance of the document (web page), making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML allows images and other objects to be embedded and it can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page directly. Others such as <p>...</p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. HTML markup can also refer the browser to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the look and layout of text and other material. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit
3 History and Development In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, then a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.
HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images, and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.
Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as
such by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification: "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar.[9] The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already- implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.
4 After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.
Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
Tim bernerlee
5 HTML Elements An HTML element is very from the start tag to the end tag.
Start tag Element content End tag
<p> This is a paragraph </p>
<a href=”default.html”> This is a link </a>
<br> * The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
An HTML element starts with a start tag/ opening tag. An HTML element ends with an end tag/ closing tag. The element content is everything between the start and the tag. Some HTML element have empty content. Empty element are closed in the start tag.
HTML Attributes HTMl element can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information about an element. Attributes are always specified in the start tag. Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name =”value” .
Attribute Example HTMl links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the herf Attribute:
6 Example <a href=”http://www.abc.com”> This is a link</a>
HTML Heading Heading are defined with the <h1> to<h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
Example <h1> this is a heading</h1> <h2> this is a heading </h2> <h3> this is a heading</h3> <h4> this is a heading </h4>
HTML Paragraphs Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
Example <p> this is my hotel</p> <p> this is my garden</p> Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag.
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like<b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags.
HTML Text Formatting Tags
Tag Description <b> Defines bold text <em> Defines emphasized text
7 <i> Defines a part of text in alternate voice or mood <small> Defines smaller text <strong> Defines important text <sub> Defines subscripted text <sup> Defines superscripted text <ins> Defines inserted texr <del> Defines deleted texr <mark> defined marked/highlighted text
HTML Image –The <img> tag and the Src Attribute
In HTML, image are define with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty. which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag. To display an image on a page , you need to use the src attribute. Src stand for “source”. The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. <img src=”url” alt=”some_text”>
HTML Image – The Alt Attribute
The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed . The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text: < img src =”sk.gif” alt=”Smiley face”>
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason Cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or the user uses a screen reader) .
HTML Image – set Height and Width of an Image
8 The height and width attribute are used to specify the height and width of an image. The attribute value are specified in pixel by default.
HTML Tables
Table are define width the<table> tag.
A table is divided into rows with the <tr> tag.(tr stands for table row) A row is divided into data cells with the <td> tag. ( td stand for tacle data) A row can also be divided into heading with the <th> tag. (th stand for table heading) The <td> elements are the data containers in the table. The <td> elements can all sorts of HTML elements like text, images, lists, other Tables, etc.
The width of a table can be defined using CSS.
An HTML Table With a Border Attribute
Example <table border =”1” style =”width:300px”> <tr> <td>Jill</td> <td>Smith</td> <td>50</td>
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:
An ordered list: An unordered list:
1.The first list item :List item 2. The second list item :List item 3. The third list item : List item
HTML Unordered Lists
An Unordered list starts width the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with bullets ( typically small black circles).
<ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li> Milk</li> </ul>
10 How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
HTML Ordered Lists
An ordered starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the<li> tag. The list item are marked with numbers.
<ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol>
How the HTMl code above books in a browser:
1. Coffee 2. Milk
HTML Description Lists
A description list is a list of terms/names, with a description of each term/name.
The <dl> tag defines a description list. The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt>
11 HTML Block Elements
Most HTML elements are defined as defined as block level elements or as inline elements. Block level elements normally start (and end ) with a new line when displayed in a
Example: <h1>,<p>,<ul>,<table>
HTML Symbol Entities
HTML entities was described m the previous chapter.
HTML symbols like mathmetical operators, arrows, technical symbols and shapes, are Not present on a normal keyboard. To add these symbols to an HTML page, you can use the HTML entity name. If no entity name exists, you can use the entity number. If the character does not have an entity name, you can use a decimal (or hexadecimal) reference.
Example <p> I will display & euro;<p> <p> I will display & #8364;<p> <p> I will display & # x20AC;<p>
Will display as:
I will display € I will display € I will display €
12 Marquee tag The HTML <marquee> tag is used for scrolling piece of text or image displayed either Horizontally across or vertically down your web site page depending on the settings.
Example <html> <head> <title> HTML Marquee tag</title> </head> <body> <marquee direction=”up”>marquee text</marquee> </body> </html>
13 Snap shot and Coading
Home page Coading
<html> <head> <title> SAGAR CITY</title> </head> <body> <table border="3" width="100%" height="100%" bordercolor="red"> <tr width="100%" height="20%"> <td width="100%" height="20%" background="w.jpg"> <center><font face="times new roman" size="20" color="red">SAGAR CITY</font> </center> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10% bgcolor="blue" align="center"> <a href="home.html">Home</a> <a href="aboutus.html">About us</a> <a href="map.html">Map</a> <a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="60%"> <td width"100%" height="60%" background="sag.jpg" align="top"> <h2>SAGAR</h2> <p> Sagar (saugor) is a city in madhyapradesh state of central india a picturesque sitution on a super of the Vnndhya Range and 1758 it above sea level and around 180km northeast of sagar capital. Bhopal Its name is derivved from a karge lake arround which the city was settled its old British are spelling"saugor" was changed it's "sagar" after independence . The city attracted international <br>.
SAGAR a handsomely built ubiversity town with great natural beauty and culture haritage. Hindi is the official language of the city. while Bundelkhandi is the local dialect sagar is well known for its contribution to Hindi literature and hosts a number of
14 writters. poets and other leading artitst in their respective fields.</p><img src="city.jpg" widtth="300" height="100" align="right"></img> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10%" align="center"> Designed & developed By Bharti </td></tr> </table> </body:> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Education</title> </head> <body> <table border="3" width="100%" height="100%" bordarcolor="red"> <tr width="100%" height="20%"> <td width="100%" height="20%" background="w.jpg"> <center><font face="times new roman" size="20" color="red">SAGAR CITY</font> </center> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10% bgcolor="blue" align="center"> <a href="home.html">Home</a> <a href="aboutus.html">About us</a> <a href="map.html">Map</a> <a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="60%"> <td width"100%" height="60%" background="sag.jpg" align="top"> <h2>Education</h2> <P>UNiversity of sagar (now a Central University).established in 1946 thought the efforts of Dr. Harising Gour,it was named after him Dr. Harisingh Gour University.<br> it is the first university established in madhyapradesh and it is the 18th university established in India. Situted on top of hills overlooking the town it has an extensively<br> largr Unversity teaching Department(UTD) Campus, it gives a very beautiful view of the city having the Lakha Banjara lake in the center<br></p> <img src="dhsgsu.jpg" width"300" height="100" align="right"></img> <p>Sagar also has a government engineering college named Indira Gandhi Engineering College(IGEC) and a medical college to train doctors and nurses.it like B Pharma and M Pharma and PhD<br> in Pharmaccutics, Pharmacology, Quality Assurance and Pharmacogency.<br>
19 There is a state-level Police training acadmy JNPA( Jawahawlal Nehru Police Acadmy) and a police training school(PTS) also.</p> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10%" align="center"> Designed & developed By Bharti </td></tr> </table> </body> </html>
20 Education page
21 Entertainment Spot Page Coading
<html> <head> <title>Entertainment_Spot</title> </head> <body> <table border="3" width="100%" height="100%" bordarcolor="red"> <tr width="100%" height="20%"> <td width="100%" height="20%" background="w.jpg"> <center><font face="times new roman" size="20" color="red">SAGAR CITY</font> </center> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10% bgcolor="blue" align="center"> <a href="home.html">Home</a> <a href="aboutus.html">About us</a> <a href="map.html">Map</a> <a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="60%"> <td width"100%" height="60%" background="sag.jpg" align="top"> <h2>Entertainment_Spot</h2> <p>Sagar is full entertainment Common places to visit include the parks.One is located near bus stop in front of Govt. Girls College. The bus- stand side of Lakha Banzara lake is quits<br> beautiful as it provides the full view of the great lake and the hills behind it. There are also parks at Civil Lines. There is also the Varun Smriti park with a water park with a water <br> The city also has a stadium, A Sports Complex and a Mall at the Cantonment Stadium is not used for most of the part of year but beside a sports complex there is a huge play-ground<br></p> which is used on regular basic. The sports complex is quite active.<br></p> <img src="lake.jpg" width="300" height="100" align="right"></img><br> <p>Cinema include the Alankar takies,The Cine City.Cinplex(named Shahbaaz Auditorium) at Cantonment Area,and pletinum Plaza at Makronia. They play the all latest Bollywood and<br>
22 Hollywood movies.</p><br> <img src="par.jpg" width="300" height="100" align="right"></img><br></td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10%" align="center"> Designed & developed By Bharti </td></tr> </table> </body> </html>
23 Entertainment Spot Page
24 Temples Page Coading
<html> <head> <title>TEMPLES</title> </head> <body> <table border="3" width="100%" height="100%" bordarcolor="red"> <tr width="100%" height="20%"> <td width="100%" height="20%" background="w.jpg"> <center><font face="times new roman" size="20" color="red">SAGAR CITY</font> </center> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10% bgcolor="blue" align="center"> <a href="home.html">Home</a> <a href="aboutus.html">About us</a> <a href="map.html">Map</a> <a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> </td></tr> <tr width="100%" height="60%"> <td width"100%" height="60%" background="sag.jpg" align="top"> <h2>Temples</h2> <p>This city is full of religious structures such Masques, Tamples( hindu and Jain), Gurudwara and a few Churches.The Jamma Masijid is at<br> the Katra Square and Hanuman Tamples is near the Kachhari. Dada Darbaar,Pehelwan Babba, Bihari ji Mandir, Laxminarayan Mandir, Pared mandir,<br> Balaji sarkar are some important hindu tamples Chakraghat is the most beautiful place to visit with scenic beuty of lakha banjara lake and religous<br> temples alongwith diffrenet tastec at choupati. There is also a great temple near Makroniya(city stburb) at Jabalpur-Sagar state HIghway , having<br> a large statue of Lord shiva.</p><br> <img src="shiva.jpg" width="200" height"200" align="left"></img><img src="peeli.jpg" width="400" height="200" align="right"></img> </td>
25 </tr> <tr width="100%" height="10%"> <td width="100%" height="10%" align="center"> Designed & developed By Bharti </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
