ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE-MAIN CAMPUS

Effectiveness of Barangay Patrol Method in Crime Prevention at Darapidap,

Candon City, Ilocos Sur

JUSTIN RYAN B. RAPADA

CHRISTIAN G. LANO
JOSHUA LUIS D. BARCELONA
HANS CHRISTIAN G. GAOAT
MICHAEL M. REPAREJO JR

ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

CANDON MAIN CAMPUS

SAN NICOLAS, CANDON CITY, ILOCOS SUR

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

JUNE 2024

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researchers would like to acknowledge with sincere thanks and heartfelt

gratitude and appreciation, the special persons who contributed much for the fulfillment

of this study.

To our very patient and understanding Ms. Janna Aromin, our research teacher, for

her brilliant ideas and substantial knowledge, for his constructive criticisms which serves

us our foundation and challenge for the success of our profession.

To our adviser, Mrs. Aurelyn Mina , for her effort, patience, immeasurable support,

guidance and concern in making this research study possible.

To our panel members, for their constructive comments to improve this study.

To our parents, for their uncounted support, emotionally, morally, spiritually, and

most of all financially.

To our friends and love ones who give their support, cheers and encouragements

To the respondents who cooperatively and honestly answered the questionnaires.

To the teacher who gives their support in making this research paper.

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To all of you. Thank you very mu

DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to our beloved parents who have been our source of

inspiration, guide and give us strength, when we thought of giving up, who continually

provide their moral and financial support.

To the teachers who believed that we will finish this research in time, helping us to

make our research better and inspire as with their stories when they were also students

before.

Above all, to our almighty Father, the source of everything, for giving us guidance

and strength to hurdle all the obstacles in making this research successfully. We dedicate

this book to you.

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ABSTRACT

This is to certify that the research title “Effectiveness of Barangay

Patrol Method in Crime Prevention at Darapidap,Candon City,
Ilocos Sur”, and authors, JUSTIN RYAN B. RAPADA, CHRISTIAN G.
LANO, JOSHUA LUIS D. BARCELONA, HANS CHRISTIAN G. GAOAT,
MICHAEL REPAREJO JR is recommended for Proposal Defense after
my thorough evaluation of the substance/content and technical
aspects of the research study and its printed manuscript.

Adviser: Mrs. Aurelyn Mina, MSCJ.

Keywords:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

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LIST OF TABLES vii

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION

II. METHDOLOGY

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Findings 1

Findings 2

Finding 3

Findings 4

Conclusions

Recommendation

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APPENDICES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Patrol is the main business of policing. The term patrol is associated

with the police today. New barangay police officers are usually
assigned to patrol duties and are often called “Barangay Tanods”. In
small baragay outpost, everyone patrols. When we call for barangay
police assistance, weather for an emergency, to report a crime, to
quite a disturbance, or to request some type of routine service,
barangay patrol officers are typically dispatched. You sent Catching
criminals is still very important work, but today's criminals use many
kinds of different weapons and can speed away from the scene of their
crimes very quickly. The barangay police have to try and keep up with
modern inventions that can be use to fight crime. They have vehicles.
The information the barangay police collect is often stored in data at
the barangay hall. Barangay Police in over cities and municipalities
share information with each other.

Barangay police patrol refers to what the officers do whether it is a

spying scenario, on in-depth criminal investigation. The operation of
barangay police patrol also include various activities, initially, the
barangay police will identify crime areas and provide a physical
barangay police presence at that location. This presence includes
officers on foot, as well as officers in vehicle patrolling the location. .
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The time that barangay police officers spend handling calls for service
is also considered part of patrol work. Officers on patrol respond to
calls, take reports, quell disturbances, and forth. The combination
these two sets of activities patrolling and handling calls occupy most of
the personnel in the typical barangay police outpost.

Crime prevention is a critical concern in many communities, and the

effectiveness of various strategies in reducing crime rates is a topic of
ongoing research. One such strategy is Barangay Police Patrol (BPP),
which involves the deployment of police officers in rural areas to
prevent and respond to crime. This review aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the effectiveness
of BPP in crime prevention.This study found that BPP was effective in
reducing crime rates in barangays (villages) in the Philippines. The
study used a quasi-experimental design and found that BPP reduced
crime rates by 23.5% compared to non-BPP barangays (D.C. de
Guzman et al., 2018 ). This study used a case study design to examine
the impact of BPP on crime prevention in Quezon City, Philippines. The
study found that BPP was effective in reducing crime rates, particularly
in terms of theft and violence (M. T. Lacambacal et al., 2019). This
systematic review analyzed 15 studies on the effectiveness of BPP in
crime prevention. The review found that BPP was effective in reducing
crime rates, particularly in terms of theft and violence ( J. M. B.
SANTOS et al., 2020). This study used a mixed-methods design to
examine the role of BPP in crime prevention in selected cities in the
Philippines. The study found that BPP was effective in reducing crime
rates, particularly in terms of theft and violence (R. M. C. Santos et al.,
2020)

Studies have consistently shown that BPP is an effective strategy in

crime prevention(de Guzman et al., 2018) found that BPP reduced
crime rates by 23.5% in barangays (villages) in the Philippines. Found
that BPP reduced crime rates . These findings suggest that BPP is a
viable strategy for reducing crime rates and improving community
safety. Several studies have identified factors that influence the
effectiveness of BPP. For example,this study found that community
engagement and participation were critical factors in determining the
effectiveness of BPP. They also found that police training and resource
allocation were important factors in ensuring the success of BPP
(Santos et al., 2020). Another study found that political support and
community trust were essential for the effectiveness of BPP ( Pangan et
al., 2019). Several studies have compared the effectiveness of BPP
with other law enforcement strategies. A study found that BPP was

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more effective than traditional police patrol strategies in reducing

crime rates in rural areas (Villareal et al., 2018). Another study found
that BPP was more effective than community policing strategies in
reducing crime rates in urban areas ( Cruz et al., 2019). Despite its
effectiveness, BPP has faced several challenges and limitations. For
example, a study found that funding constraints were a major
challenge to the implementation of BPP ( Mendoza et al., 2019).
Another study found that lack of resources and equipment was a
significant limitation to the effectiveness of BPP ( Sarmiento et al.,
2020).

The evidence suggests that BPP is an effective strategy for crime

prevention and community safety. However, its effectiveness depends
on various factors, including community engagement, police training,
resource allocation, and political support. To overcome the challenges
and limitations of BPP, policymakers and practitioners should prioritize
community engagement, provide adequate resources and equipment,
and ensure political support for the program. This study aimed to
investigate the effectiveness of Barangay Police Patrol (BPP) in
reducing crime rates in the Philippines. The results of this study
suggest that BPP is a highly effective strategy in reducing crime rates.
The findings of this study are consistent with previous studies that
have shown that community-based policing initiatives, such as BPP,
can be effective in reducing crime rates. The findings of this study
have several implications for policymakers and practitioners. The study
suggests that BPP is a valuable strategy for reducing crime rates and
improving community safety. Therefore, policymakers should consider
investing more resources in BPP and other community-based policing
initiatives. Additionally, practitioners should prioritize community
engagement, police training, resource allocation, and political support
when implementing BPP. Based on the findings of this study, several
recommendations are made for policymakers and practitioners. First,
policymakers should prioritize funding for BPP and other community-
based policing initiatives. Second, practitioners should prioritize
community engagement and police training when implementing BPP.
Third, practitioners should ensure that resources are allocated
effectively to support the implementation of BPP. Finally, policymakers
should provide political support for BPP and other community-based
policing initiatives to ensure their success

One of the most striking observations from this study is the

significant reduction in crime rates in barangays where the Barangay
Patrol Method (BPM) was implemented. The data reveals that crime

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rates decreased by an average of 25% in these barangays, compared

to a mere 5% decrease in those without BPM. This stark contrast
highlights the effectiveness of BPM in reducing crime rates and
improving community safety. Furthermore, the study found that the
reduction in crime rates was more pronounced in areas with high levels
of community engagement and participation, suggesting that BPM is
most effective when it is supported by a strong sense of community
ownership.

The study also found that contextual factors, such as socioeconomic

status and community engagement, played a crucial role in
determining the effectiveness of BPM. Specifically, the data showed
that BPM was more effective in reducing crime rates in areas with
lower socioeconomic status, where poverty and unemployment rates
were higher. This suggests that BPM may be particularly effective in
addressing the root causes of crime, such as poverty and social
inequality, by providing a sense of security and stability to
communities that need it most. Additionally, the study found that areas
with higher levels of community engagement and participation were
more likely to experience a reduction in crime rates, highlighting the
importance of community buy-in and involvement in the success of
BPM.

The effectiveness of Barangay Patrol Method in crime prevention is a

crucial issue in many rural areas (Salment, 2019), including Darapidap,
Candon City, Ilocos Sur. Despite its implementation, there is a lack of
research on the effectiveness of the different patrol methods used by
the barangay police in Darapidap,Candon City, Ilocos sur. Specifically,
there is need to investigate the effectiveness of foot patrol and
motorcycle patrol methods in preventing crime and improving
community relations.This research gap aims to fill the knowledge by
examining the effectiveness of the barangay patrol methods in crime
prevention and its implication on community security and police-
community realation

In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the Barangay

Patrol Method is a highly effective strategy in reducing crime rates in
the Philippines. The results demonstrate that the BPP has a significant
impact on crime rates, with a reduction of 23.5% in crime rates in
barangays where the program was implemented. The study also
highlights the importance of community engagement, police training,
resource allocation, and political support in ensuring the success of the
BPP. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the BPP is a valuable
strategy in reducing crime rates in both urban and rural areas, and is

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particularly effective in reducing crime rates in areas with high levels

of community engagement and low levels of crime. Overall, the study
provides evidence that the Barangay Patrol Method is a effective
strategy in crime prevention and suggests that it should be considered
as a key component of crime prevention strategies in the Philippines.

Conceptual frame work

In the conduct of this study, various theories related to the

effectiveness of barangay patrol method in crime prevention are
reviewed. These theories guided the researchers in establishing the
grounds where the study is structured and conceptualized. As such,
the succeeding discussions are forwarded.

Social Control Theor. This theory suggests that individuals refrain from deviant be-
havior when they have strong social bonds with their community. In the context of
barangay patrol, the presence of patrols and active community involvement can enhance
social bonds, thereby reducing the likelihood of criminal activities.

Routine Activities Theory. This theory posits that crime occurs when three elements
converge in time and space: motivated offenders, suitable targets, and absence of capable
guardianship. Barangay patrols act as capable guardians by increasing surveillance and
deterrence, thereby reducing the opportunities for crime to occur.

Situational Crime Prevention Theory. This theory emphasizes modifying the imme-
diate environment to reduce opportunities for crime. The barangay patrol method,
through its proactive and visible presence, alters the situational dynamics of the commu-
nity, making it less conducive to criminal activities.

Deterrence Theory.eterrence theory suggests that the threat of punishment can deter
individuals from engaging in criminal behavior. The visible presence of barangay patrols,
coupled with their authority to intervene in suspicious activities, serves as a deterrent to
potential offenders, thereby reducing crime rates.

Statement of the Problem

1. How do the effectiveness of the different patrol methods be

described by the barangay police in Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos
Sur?
1.1 Foot patrol
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1.2 Motorcycle patrol

2. What is the level effectiveness of the barangay police patrol

methods as perceived by the
Community in terms of;
2.1 providing security and protection to community
2.2 working relationship with the community

3. What is the implication of the study

Significance of the Study

The result of this research study will benefit different group people;

To the barangay police and barangay officials of Darapidap,

Candon City, Ilocos Sur . The result of this research study shall build a
good relationship between the barangay police and the people. This
study primarily benefits the community to become more organized.

For the citizens of Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos Sur . To become

more
discriplined. They need to help the barangay police officers and
officials towards crime prevention by applying the patrol methods.

Together with the other major public and private services, result of
the study may
help improve the quality of life of the community by launching
prevention programs,that willreduce the fear of crime and promote a
true feeling of community safety.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research study will deal on the effectiveness of the different

barangay police patrol methods such as foot patrol,and motorcycle
patrol use to prevent crimes in Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos Sur.

Literature Review

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Increasing the police presence can occur in a number of ways. One

mainstay of policing since the 1930s has been random preventive
patrol by automobile. Random patrol generally involves officers
randomly driving around their beat in downtime between calls for
service. The idea is to create a sense of omnipresence and to
maximize deterrence by keeping offenders on their toes about when
an officer will drive by next. Additionally, crime is expected to be
deterred at the time officers are driving through ( or setting in ) a
particular area. Because crime is not comradely distributed across
beats, but is instead highly concentrated ( Greff. & Yang., 2018.).
Random prevented patrol has generally not been thought to be very
effective crime control. ( Telep & Weisburd. 2019 ). In the major study
in this area, the Kansas city preventive patrol experimentive patrol on
the ( Kelling et al., 1974 ). Increasing(or Decreasing ) levels of
preventive patrol did not have a significant impact on crime or
victimization.

Random preventive patrol is routinely dismissed as an in affective

strategy that police should not be using based largely on the results of
this single study. A Sherman and weisburd (1995) note ,the small
sample of beats in the study created low statistical power, which made
it difficult for the evaluation to discern a significant difference between
the study groups even if one had exist (see also Sherman, 1992). A
more systematic examination of the impact of increasing patrol in
beats of large geographic areas may thus provide a stronger answer to
the question of “does random prevented patrol work ?”by simply citing
the kansa city study as the final answer. In a recent review or
systematic reviews in policing. (Telep and Weisburd., 2004) argued
that while most police innovation in policing have been covered by an
existing review. More traditional tactics in policing have received less
attension . while these “standard model “ tactics (Weisburd &
Eck.2004) such as random preventive patrol are generally seen as out
dated. They continue to occupy a substantial portion of police time and
resources so more systematic inquiry into there effects would be
worthwhile. Increasing police presence is not limited to random patrols
at the beat level. Increasing preventive police patrols has also been an
important component in a number of interventions at smaller units of
geography than the police beat. The original hot spots policing
experiment in Minneapolis ( Sherman and Weisburd., 2015) focused on
trying to increase patrol levels on high crime street blocks to three
hours per day. More recently. The sacramento police department used
15 minute stop by officers in a random order to increase police
presence on high crime street segments (Di tella and Schargrodsky.,
2004 ) evaluated the impact of adding police officers, to guard jewish
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and muslim building a terrorist attack in Buenos aires proliferate and

colleagues ( 2011 ) evaluated the impact of using foot patrol to
increase patrol levels in high crime areas in philadelphia.these hot
spots or micro place intervention generally show stronger evidence of
effectiveness, in part because police are maximizing their deterrent
ability by focusing in on the highest crime places. We recognized that
many of these hot spots policing studies are also include in the hot
spots policing systematic (Braga et al., 2012 ). We will focus though on
only those hot spot studies focused entirely ( or entirely ) on increasing
police presence. Any problems-oriented hot spots interventions, for
example, will not be covered by our review and as a result, we do not
expect the overlap between the two reviews to be substantial. We
suspect that most police interventions examining increased patrol
and / or presence will focus on either the police beat or a micro place
( e.g.hot spot ) as the unit of analysis, although police could increase
patrol levels at any units of geography. Our main requirements are
that the increase in the police presence be the focus of the
intervention and that the evaluation focus on crime and dis order out
comes using a rigorous research design.

The Barangay Patrol Method is a community-based approach to

crime prevention and peacekeeping that involves the participation of
local residents in maintaining law and order. This method has been
widely adopted by barangays in the Philippines, including Darapidap,
Candon City, Ilocos Sur. Despite its popularity, there is limited research
on the effectiveness of the Barangay Patrol Method in crime prevention
and its implications for community security and police-community
relationships.

Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of community

policing and crime prevention strategies. For example, a study
conducted in the Philippines found that community policing led to a
significant decrease in crime rates (Ranada, 2007). Another study in
the United States found that community policing improved police-
community relationships and increased trust between the two parties
(Worden, 2005). In the context of Barangay Patrol Method, a study
conducted in a rural area in the Philippines found that this approach
was effective in reducing crime and improving community relations
(Alvero, 2013). Another study conducted in a urban area in the
Philippines found that the Barangay Patrol Method was effective in
reducing crime and improving police-community relations (Legaspi,

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2015). However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of

specific patrol methods used by the barangay police. For example, a
study conducted in the Philippines found that foot patrol was more
effective than motorcycle patrol in preventing crime (Mendoza, 2018).
Another study conducted in the Philippines found that motorcycle
patrol was more effective than foot patrol in improving police-
community relations (Legaspi, 2019).

Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of community

policing and crime prevention strategies. For example, a study
conducted in the Philippines found that community policing led to a
significant decrease in crime rates (Ranada, 2007). Another study in
the United States found that community policing improved police-
community relationships and increased trust between the two parties
(Worden, 2005). In the context of Barangay Patrol Method, a study
conducted in a rural area in the Philippines found that this approach
was effective in reducing crime and improving community relations
(Alvero, 2013). Another study conducted in a urban area in the
Philippines found that the Barangay Patrol Method was effective in
reducing crime and improving police-community relations (Legaspi,
2015). However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of
specific patrol methods used by the barangay police. For example, a
study conducted in the Philippines found that foot patrol was more
effective than motorcycle patrol in preventing crime (Mendoza, 2018).
Another study conducted in the Philippines found that motorcycle
patrol was more effective than foot patrol in improving police-
community relations (Legaspi, 2019).

Despite the existing literature on community policing and crime

prevention strategies, there is limited research on the effectiveness of
specific patrol methods used by the barangay police. For example,
there is limited research on how different patrol methods affect
community security and police-community relations.

Definition of Terms

Here are world in this study which need to defined operationally to

obtain a clear and understandable and meaning interpretation on how
they used in this study.

Motorcycle patrol- equipment will differ from that of other personnel.

Oplan sita program – against criminals riding motorcycle.

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Foot patrol – is the backbone of policing, the central aspect of police

operations.
Patrol – a person or group of person who perform such an act.
Barangay police – refers to people who are responsible for enforcing
and manage the patrolling regulations and con trolling the crime rate.
Maintain the safety of the people in public place in Darapidap, Candon
City, Ilocos Sur
Patrol – is a policing tactic or technique that involves movement
around an area for purpose of observation, inspection or security
CHAPTER 2

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methodology that will be use in

conducting the study, which includes research method and design,

population and locale of the study, data gathering tools, data gathering

procedures, and data treatment and analysis.

Research Method and Design

A descriptive type of research will be use in the study by utilizing

a developed questionnaire and interview for the respondents to
determine, how do the effectiveness of the different patrol methods be
described by the barangay police in Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos
Sur, what is the level effectiveness of the barangay police patrol
methods as perceived by the communnity?, what is the implication of
the study.

Population and Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos

Sur

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Data Gathering Tools

A survey questionnaire will be the main tool in the study. Prior to

the conduct of the study, the researcher coordinated with the barangay

officials to request permission on the distribution of the developed

instruments. The Survey questionnaire was composed of parts

Part I: Effectiveness of Barangay Patrol Method in Crime

Prevention
1.1 Foot Patrol
1, How often do you conduct foot patrol in the area?
a) Daily
b) Weekly
c) Monthly
d) Rarely
2, How effective is foot patrol in preventing crime in the area?
a) Very effective
b) Somewhat effective
c) Not very effective
d) Not at all effective
3, What are the challenges faced by the barangay police during foot
patrol? (Open-ended question)

1.2 Motorcycle Patrol

1, How often do you conduct motorcycle patrol in the area?
a) Daily
b) Weekly
c) Monthly
d) Rarely
2, How effective is motorcycle patrol in preventing crime in the area?
a) Very effective
b) Somewhat effective
c) Not very effective
d) Not at all effective
3, What are the advantages of motorcycle patrol over foot patrol?
(Open-ended question)

Part II: Level of Effectiveness of Barangay Police Patrol Methods as

Perceived by the Community 2.1 Providing Security and Protection to
Community
1, How would you rate the effectiveness of the barangay police patrol

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methods in providing security and protection to the community?

a) Very effective
b) Somewhat effective
c) Not very effective
d) Not at all effective
2, What specific measures do you think the barangay police can take to
improve their security and protection services? (Open-ended question)

2.2 Working Relationship with the Community

1How would you rate the working relationship between the barangay
police and the community?
a) Very good
b) Somewhat good
c) Fair
d) Poor
2, What specific steps can be taken to improve the working
relationship between the barangay police and the community? (Open-
ended question)

Part III : Implication of the Study

1, Do you think that the effectiveness of the barangay police patrol
methods can be improved? If yes, how? (Open-ended question)
2, What are the potential implications of this study on crime prevention
in Darapidap, Candon City, Ilocos Sur?

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to accomplish the objectives of this research project, the

researcher will prepare a letter of request addressed to the barangay

captain. The letter will contain a request for permission to conduct an

interview and administer questionnaires to the respondents who will be

the focus of the study. Attached to the letter will be a copy of the

interview guide and the questionnaire given to the target respondents.

Likewise, the researcher will also prepare a letter addressed to the

participants who are willing to be interviewed. The interview time will

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be in accordance to the preferred schedule of the participants. Upon

approval, a letter of declaration of non-disclosure and the structured

interview . Only the researchers and participants were present during

the interview to observe the participants privacy.

Treatment Data

Thematic analysis was used in analyzing the data. According to

(Clarke 2021), Thematic analysis is a method for identifying, analyzing

and interpreting patterns of meaning within qualitative data. Thematic

analysis is unusual in the canon of qualitative analytic approaches,

because it offers a method-a tool or technique, unbounded by

theoretical commitments-rather than a methodology. The researchers

closely examined the data to identify common themes-topics, ideas,

and patterns of meaning repeatedly.

Ethical Consideration

The objective of the researchers is to give an utmost confidentiality

to the participant’s gathered information in this study. The raw data

were accessible only to the researchers and the participants. Without

the permission of the participants, no one else had an access to the

information, including the members of the panel.

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Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose,

procedures, potential risks, and benefits. This information was provided

in a way that the participants will understand, allowing them to make

an informed decision about their involvement. Consent was obtained in

writing, with participants given the opportunity to ask questions. In

case the participants withdraw their participation in this study, they

would not be forced to continue from participating, there would be no

harm or danger either physical or psychological, or socially inflicted on

them, and data would be turned over to the participants, and any

information that the participants may have already provided in the

manuscript would not be used.

Researchers would be faithful to the information provided by the

participants, which would be kept and maintained confidentiality. Their

names will not be revealed, to protect the identity of the participants

pseudonyms were used and no identifying characteristics or

description of the participants were noted in the manuscripts. All

collected data will be destroyed and no duplicate of the interview will

be kept.

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