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scope of a variable

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10 views

scope of a variable

Uploaded by

kasithangamcse92
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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scope of a variable:

The scope of a variable in C is the block or the region in the program where a
variable is declared, defined, and used. Outside this region, we cannot access the
variable, and it is treated as an undeclared identifier.
Example
C
// C program to illustrate the scope of a variable
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
// Scope of this variable is within main() function
// only.
int var = 34;

printf("%d", var);
return 0;
}

Types of Scope Rules in C


C scope rules can be covered under the following two categories:
1. Global Scope 2.Local Scope
.
1. Global Scope in C
The global scope refers to the region outside any block or function.
 The variables declared in the global scope are called global variables.
 Global variables are visible in every part of the program.
 Global is also called File Scope as the scope of an identifier starts at the beginning
of the file and ends at the end of the file.
Example
C
// C program to illustrate the global scope
#include <stdio.h>
int global = 5; // variable declared in global scope
void display() // global variable accessed from // within a function
{
printf("%d\n", global);
}
int main() // main function
{
printf("Before change within main: ");
display(); // changing value of global // variable from main
function
printf("After change within main: ");
global = 10;
display();
}

Output
Before change within main: 5
After change within main: 10

2. Local Scope in C
The local scope refers to the region inside a block or a function. It is the space
enclosed between the { } braces.
 The variables declared within the local scope are called local variables.
 Local variables are visible in the block they are declared in and other blocks
nested inside that block.
 Local scope is also called Block scope.
 Local variables have no linkage.
Example
C
// C program to illustrate the local scope
#include <stdio.h>
// Driver Code
int main()
{
{
int x = 10, y = 20; // The outer block contains // declaration
of x and
// y, so following statement // is valid and prints // 10 and
20
{
printf("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
{
// y is declared again, // so outer block y is // not accessible in
this block
int y = 40; // Changes the outer block // variable x to 11
x++; // Changes this block's // variable y to 41
y++;
printf("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
} // This statement accesses // only outer block's //
variables
printf("x = %d, y = %d\n", x, y);
}
}
return 0;
}

Output
x = 10, y = 20
x = 11, y = 41
x = 11, y = 20

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