Work, Energy and Power

Work,
Energy
and
Power
Topic 3
WORK
Work is a force causing the displacement of an
object. Work is said to be done when an object
experiences displacement, i.e. there is a shift in
the position of the object.
Work has only

magnitude and
no direction.
Hence, work is a
scalar quantity.
Types of Work
POSITIVE WORK
It is said to be positive work when both displacement
and force are in the same direction.
NEGATIVE WORK
It is said to be negative work when both displacement
and force are in the opposite direction.
ZERO WORK
If there is no displacement, there is no work done.
Formula of Work
Work is the product of the applied force and
displacement in the direction of the force
applied. It is the dot product of the two
vectors- force and displacement.
Work Formula is given as
W = F xd
Unit of Work
The SI unit of work is Joule (J). It is defined as
the work done by a force of 1 N in moving an
object for a distance of 1 m in the direction of
the force.
1 Joule = 1 Newton x 1 Meter or 1 J = 1 Nxm
Example of Work
A boy applies a force of 10 Newton to displace
an object by 2 meters. Find the work done
using the work formula.
Solution: It is given that
Force (F) = 10N
Displacement (d) = 2 m
Using the Work Formula,
W = Fxd
W = 10 x 2 = 20 J
Thus, the work done is 20 J.
LET’S CALCULATE
Calculate the work done if 20 N of

force is applied on an object to
cause a displacement of 3 m.
If it takes 500 Joules of work to
move a chair 10m, what force was
needed?
What distance was your bike
moved by a force of 40N if the work
was 600Joules?
ENERGY
Energy is the ability to
perform work.
Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed,
and it can only be
transformed from one
form to another.
The SI unit of energy is
Joules (J).
There are also many different sources of energy, but they fall into
two categories:
Types of Energy
Kinetic Energy
The energy that an object possesses as a
result of its motion.
The kinetic energy of an object is measured
relative to other moving and stationary
objects in its immediate environment.
During collisions, kinetic energy can be
transferred from one moving object to
another.
SI Unit: Joule (J)
Determining factors: Speed/velocity and
mass
Types of Kinetic Energy
There are five types of kinetic energy that are,
Radiant Energy
Thermal Energy
Sound Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Kinetic Energy
Formula
where,
m is the mass of the object,
v is the speed or velocity of the object
Example of Kinetic
Energy
A vehicle having a mass of 150 kg, is moving with a
uniform velocity of 4 m/s. What is the amount of kinetic
energy possessed by the vehicle?
Solution:
Given,
Mass of the vehicle, m = 150 kg,
Velocity of the vehicle, v = 4 m/s
Kinetic of the vehicle is,
Hence, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is equal to 1200 J.

Potential Energy
Always determined by the position of
the body rather than its trajectory of
movement.
Potential energy is independent of the
environment of an object.
It is not possible to transfer potential
energy.
SI Unit: Joule (J)
Determining factors: Height or distance
and mass
Potential Energy
Formula
PE = m×g×h
where,
m is the mass of the body
g is the acceleration due to gravity
h is the height
Types of Potential Energy
There are two main types of potential energy,
and they are:
Gravitational Potential Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy is energy in an object that is held in a
vertical position, due to the force of gravity working to pull it down.
Gravitational
Potential Energy
Ug = mgh
where,
Ug = Potential Energy of a given object
m = mass of the object
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height of the object
Example of Potential
Energy
Find the potential energy of an object of mass 10 kg
when it is raised at a height of 6 m above the ground.
Take, g = 10 m/s2.
Solution:
Mass of the object m = 10 Kg
Height above the ground h = 6 m
Potential energy Ep = ?
Ep = mgh
Ep = 10 × 10 × 6
Ep = 600 J
Let’s Calculate!
A Ball of mass 22 kg is at a
certain height above the
ground. If the potential
energy of the object is 880 J,
find the height at which the
object is with respect to the
ground. Take, g = 10 m/s . 2
Elastic Potential Energy
Elastic potential energy is energy stored in objects that can be
stretched or compressed, such as trampolines, rubber bands and
bungee cords.
The more an object can stretch, the more elastic potential energy
it has.
Elastic Potential
Energy
U = 1/2 × Kx 2
where,
U is the Elastic Potential Energy
k is the Spring Constant
x is the displacement of the spring.
Example of Potential
Energy
A spring has a strength length of 0.7 m. Take k= 16.
What is it’s elastic potential energy?
Solution:
k = 16
Length (x)= 0.7 m
Elastic Potential Energy = ?
U=½ kx 2
2
U = ½ × 16× (0.7)
U = 3.92 J
POWER
The rate at which work is
performed is defined by
the physics definition of
power.
It is calculated by
dividing the amount of
work measured in joules
by the amount of time,
measured in seconds.
defined as the amount of
energy used or
transferred in a certain
amount of time.
The concept of power can
be applied in many
everyday situations, such
as driving a car, running
up stairs, and moving
furniture.
Formula of Power
As discussed, power is the rate of doing work. Therefore,
it can be calculated by dividing work done by time.
Unit of Power
The SI unit of power is Joules per
Second (J/s), which is termed
as Watt.
Watt can be defined as the
power needed to do one joule of
work in one second.
The unit Watt is dedicated in
honour of Sir James Watt, the
developer of the steam engine.
1 watt = 1 J/s = 1 kg-m2/s3
Example of Power
A garage hoist lifts a truck up 2 meters above the ground in
15 seconds. Find the power delivered to the truck.
[Given: 1000 kg as the mass of the truck]
First we need to calculate the work done, which requires the
force necessary to lift the truck against gravity:
F = mg = 1000 x 9.81 = 9810 N.
W = Fd = 9810N x 2m = 19620 Nm = 19620 J.
The power is P = W/t = 19620J / 15s = 1308 J/s = 1308 W.
Thank
You!

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Work,

Work has only

Work Formula is given as

Calculate the work done if 20 N of

Hence, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is equal to 1200 J.

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