Historical-Antecedents

Historical Antecedents in the Course
of Science and Technology

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, you are able to:
1. Explain how science and technology affected the society and
environment and vice versa;
2. Identify inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the
course of history; and
3. Discuss the scientific and technological developments in the
Philippines.
Antecedent- is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of
something.
Historical antecedents in science and technology are factors that paved

the way for the presence of advance and sophisticated scientific and
technological innovations today.
• Science and Technology Indeed play a major roles in the everyday life.
• The development in these field are not just products of people’s
imagination or a one-time thought process; they are also brought
about by gradual improvements to earlier works from different time
periods.
• Question
What is the driving force behind this continuous progress?
Ancient Times
In the ancient times, people were concerned with transportation and
navigation, communication and record-keeping, mass production,
security and protection, as well as health, aesthetics and architecture.
Transportation- to go places and discover new horizons,search for food

and find better locations for their settlements,trade surplus goods in
exchange for things they lacked.
Navigation assisted them in journeys to unfamiliar and strange areas in
the world,
Communication- essential to discover and occupy new places.
Record keeping- is also important to remember the places they had
been to and to documents the trade they made with each other.
Also vital to keep records of their history and culture so they could
establish their identities.
Weapons and armors- were important as well in the discovery of new

places or the establishments of new alliances with other tribes. There
was always a risk of conflict when people met others with different
cultures and orientations.
Why are conflicts more common during the ancient times?

A primary challenged they faced was the conservation of life. Different
illness and diseases both natural and man made, hampered the full
potential of a human being. Science and technology played a major role
in the discovery of cures to, if not the prevention of illnesses.
Engineering- for better transportation, establishments of structures for
protection from human attacks and natural disasters, and construction
of bigger and stronger infrastructures.Some of the structures build
during the ancient times still exist today and continually awe people.
Architecture-the development in engineering also ushered in the
introduction of architecture. During the ancient times, elaborate
architectural designs were signs of technological advancement of
particular civilization. Architecture would be considered a status
symbol among nations of how advance their technology is.it may also
establish the identity of a nation.
Summerian Civilization
Development of the first writing system known as cuneiform
What is the advantage of having a writing system?

Uruk City- the first true city in the world
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
Irrigation and dikes
Sailboats
Wheel
The Plow
Roads
Babylonian Civilization
• Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• Babylonians were great builders, engineers and architects.
• One of the major contribution is the Hanging Garden of Babylon-one
of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Egyptian Civilization
Ink
When Egyptians invented papyrus, engraving ceased to be used in
writing. As a result, Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with
different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. Ink must
withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history,
culture, and codified laws. It must also be tamper proof so that people
could not simply tinker with those written those by authorities.
Hieroglyphics
Cosmetics
• Function for both health and aesthetic reasons.
• Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and cure eye
diseases.
• Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena.
• Person wearing make up was protected from evil and that beauty was
a sign of holiness
Wig
Water Clock/Clepsydra- time keeping device
Greek Civilization
Greece is an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe and
known as the birthplace of western philosophy.
More than coliseum and Olympics,Greek civilization has contributed
much in the world especially in the fields of science and technology.
Alarm Clock
Water Mill
• Commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which
was necessary form of food processing
• Because milling was made possible by the use of watermills , the
mass production of rice, cereals flours and the like become common
Roman Civilization
The Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and
social entity in the west.
Considered to be the cradle of politics and governance during that
period
Newspaper
-one of the major contributions of the Romans is the newspaper. The
first newspaper , known as gazettes contained announcements of the
Roman empire to the people.
Bound books or Codex
With the invention of paper, it became easier for the civilization to
write down everything that happened in their time
Roman Architecture
Roman architecture is one of the most visual contributions of the
ancient Roman empire to the world.
Roman Numerals
Chinese Civilization
The Chinese civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in
Asia, if not the world.It was famous among other ancient civilization
because of it silk trade
Contributions
1. Silk
2. Tea Production
3. Greatwall of China
4. Gunpowder
Medieval/Middle Ages
Printing Press
Microscope
Telescope
War weapons
Modern Times
• Pasteurization
• Petroleum refinery
• Telephone
• Calculator
Philippine Inventions
Salamander Amphibious Tricycle
SALt lamp- Sustainable Alternative Lighting
Lamp
Medical Incubator-
Mosquito Ovicidal/ Larvicidal Trap System
E-Jeepney
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Historical Antecedents in the Course

of Science and Technology

Historical antecedents in science and technology are factors that paved

Transportation- to go places and discover new horizons,search for food

Weapons and armors- were important as well in the discovery of new

Why are conflicts more common during the ancient times?

What is the advantage of having a writing system?

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