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engine

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15 views

engine

Uploaded by

vickyegate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An engine is a machine designed to convert energy into mechanical work, typically to perform tasks such as

moving vehicles, generating electricity, or powering machines. Engines are crucial components in various
applications, ranging from automobiles to industrial machinery to power plants. There are several types of
engines, each with specific working principles and uses.

Types of Engines:
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE):

Definition: This is the most common type of engine used in vehicles and small machines. It works by burning
fuel (such as gasoline, diesel, or natural gas) inside a combustion chamber to generate power.
Working Principle: The fuel-air mixture is ignited inside a cylinder, causing an explosion that pushes a piston.
This movement of the piston is transferred to the crankshaft, which converts it into rotational motion.
Types:
Gasoline Engine: Uses gasoline as fuel. It often features spark ignition.
Diesel Engine: Uses diesel fuel. It relies on compression ignition (the fuel ignites due to high pressure).
Two-Stroke Engine: Completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston (used in small, lightweight machines
like motorcycles and chainsaws).
Four-Stroke Engine: Completes a power cycle in four strokes of the piston (commonly used in cars and trucks).
External Combustion Engine:

Definition: In these engines, combustion occurs outside the engine's working parts, and the heat is transferred
to the engine's working fluid.
Example: Steam engines, which burn fuel to heat water in a boiler, creating steam. The steam pressure then
drives a piston or turbine.
Electric Engine (Electric Motor):

Definition: An electric engine uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, typically by converting
electrical power into rotational motion using magnets and coils of wire.
Working Principle: An electric current passing through a coil in a magnetic field creates a force on the coil,
causing it to spin. This spinning motion is transferred to mechanical parts.
Applications: Electric cars, fans, household appliances, industrial machines.
Turbine Engines:

Definition: These engines convert the energy from moving fluids (such as steam, gas, or water) into
mechanical energy by spinning a rotor.
Types:
Gas Turbine Engine: Often used in aircraft, power plants, and marine vessels. They work by expanding high-
pressure gas from combustion through a turbine to generate power.
Steam Turbine: Often used in power plants. Water is heated to produce steam, which then spins the turbine
blades.
Jet Engine:

Definition: A type of gas turbine engine that propels aircraft by expelling a high-speed jet of gas.
Working Principle: Air is drawn in, compressed, mixed with fuel, and ignited. The resulting high-pressure
exhaust gases are expelled through the nozzle to generate thrust.
Applications: Airplanes, rockets, missiles.
Components of a Typical Engine:
Cylinder: The space where fuel combustion occurs. Most engines use multiple cylinders arranged in different
configurations (e.g., inline, V-shaped).
Piston: A movable component inside the cylinder that is pushed by the combustion of fuel and transfers this
force to the crankshaft.
Crankshaft: A rotating shaft that converts the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion to drive the
vehicle or machinery.
Valves: Components that control the intake of fuel/air mixture into the cylinder and the exhaust of combustion
gases. These are controlled by camshafts.
Spark Plug: In gasoline engines, a spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder.
Fuel System: Supplies the engine with the appropriate fuel (e.g., fuel injectors in modern engines or
carburetors in older models).
Cooling System: Prevents the engine from overheating, typically using a liquid coolant or air flow.
Lubrication System: Keeps engine parts lubricated to reduce friction and wear, ensuring smooth operation.
Working Cycle of an Internal Combustion Engine:

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