BB LEC- JAVIER administered topically to the wounds or consumed

orally.
1. Karl Landsteiner. 1900- 901
created the ABO blood group system after making 7. Philip Syng Physick. 1795
this discovery. In some way, blood types were conducted the first human blood transfusion in
categorized, leading Karl Landsteiner to state, "The 1795, and Dr. James Blundell performed the first
transfusion should be of the same blood type." This human blood transfusion for the purpose of treating
breakthrough significantly raised the safety of blood bleeding in England in 1818. Since the early 1900s,
transfusions. significant progress has been made in our
understanding of blood components, storage, and
2. Charles Drew 1904-1950 blood typing.
Drew found that the liquid known as plasma had a
longer shelf life than whole blood. This meant that 8. James Blundell.
the plasma could be divided, chilled, and then In 1818, he successfully administered human
mixed again with the other components in a blood to a patient who had suffered bleeding during
transfusion one week later. In addition to saving childbirth, making it the first successful
thousands of lives during World War II, his work human-to-human blood transfusion. bleeding after
established the foundation for long-term blood giving birth. Additionally, he authored two
preservation and storage methods that have publications on blood transfusion and abdominal
subsequently saved countless more. surgery. To complete the transfusion procedure, he
also created a number of equipment for blood
3. William Harvey. 1628 transfusion.
Blood circulation was initially described by an
English physician. In his 1628 De Motu Cordis, he 9. Record, Mackay, and Kekwick: 1946
provided a thorough description of blood's divided and made fibrinogen, which was applied to
characteristics and circulation. The English doctor fibronogenemia. and the plasma's prothrombin.
also made note of the heart's function in pumping These are utilized to address deficits in coagulation
blood so that it can circulate throughout the body. 1946.

4. Ibn-Al-Nafis. 1260 10. Levine and Stetson: 1939

Before William Harvey, an Arabic scholar and Rhesus was found blood group hierarchy
Middle Eastern scientist around the year 1260 and determined by a mother
also provided an early understanding of the who had delivered a stillborn child. They had
coronary and capillary circulations in addition to his identified an antibody, anti-D, that caused
well-known discovery of the pulmonary circulation. hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). They
therefore share credit for the Rh system's
discovery.
5. Richard Lower. 1665
He initiated a transfusion of dogs. In 1665, British 11. Eduard C. Lindeman
physician Richard Lower executed the first known 1913- Carried out vein-to-vein transfusion of blood
successful blood transfusion when he nearly killed by using multiple syringes and a special cannula.
a dog by bleed it to death and then used a tied However, a large number of knowledgeable
artery to revive it. Then, this evolved into a assistants were needed for this laborious, intricate
transfusion from animal to human. process. Transfusions from donor to recipient by an
unaided physician were not feasible until Unger
created his syringe valve device.
6. Jean-Baptiste Denise. 1667
He was the first to try blood transfusion for 12. Joseph Lister. 1867
hemorrhage, having successfully transfused a He used antiseptics in controlling infections during
young man's blood from a lamb's carotid artery into transfusions in 1867. The foundation for the use of
his vein in 1667. However, the young man antiseptics in surgery and medicine was
experienced transfusion reactions and eventually established by Joseph Lister, who also contributed
passed away, leading to the conclusion that it is to the introduction of germ theory. As the primary
impossible to transfuse animal blood into another strategy for treating wound infections today,
species. asepsis and sterile procedures have taken the
1667- Animal to human transfusion. On June 15, place of antisepsis.
1667, Denis carried out the first known
xenotransfusion, or the transfusion of human blood 13. Albert Hustin 1914
into an animal. Denis developed a hemostatic carried out the first non-direct transfusion with an
solution in 1673. The anti-bleeding fluid that was anticoagulant of sodium citrate. Before coagulation
took place, blood transfusions had to be
administered straight from the donor to the Murphy in Chicago and Cleveland's George Crile.
recipient. Although the technique makes blood transfusions
impractical, it opens the door for successful organ
14. Richard Lewisohn 1915 transplantation, for which Carrel is awarded the
Determine the minimum amount of sodium citrate Nobel Prize in 1912.
needed for anticoagulation. Furthermore, Richard
Weil shows that such anticoagulated blood can be 21. 1907 Ludvig Hektoen
stored in a refrigerator. Even though this is a hypothesized that cross-matching blood between
significant advancement in transfusion medicine, donors and recipients could increase transfusion
acceptance of sodium citrate use takes ten years. safety by removing incompatible combinations and
argues that crossmatching blood between donors
15. Francis Rous & J.R. Turner and recipients could increase transfusion safety by
1916- Introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for the removing incompatible combinations.
preservation of blood. He presents a
citrate-glucose solution that enables blood to be 22. Bernard Fantus 1937
kept in storage for a number of days following created the nation's first hospital blood bank, a lab
collection. The switch from vein-to-vein to indirect that could conserve and store blood donations, and
transfusion is facilitated by allowing blood to be he also coined the phrase "blood bank."
stored in containers for future transfusion.
23. 1940 John Eliot
first showed the first blood container, a vacuum
bottle that the red cross used extensively, and first
16. J.F. Loutit & Patrick L. Mollison
showed the effectiveness of using albumin, which
1943- Introduced the formula for the preservative is found in antibodies, in blood transfusions for
Acid Citrate- Dextrose. Loutit made a major impact patients with abnormalities.
on blood preservation; his research in the 1930s
set the stage for the advancement of better 24. 1940 Edwin Joseph Cohn
methods for storing blood. Mollison's contributions American biochemist who contributed to the
to the field of blood transfusion medicine are well development of blood fractionation techniques,
known. His contributions to the invention of blood which divide plasma proteins into different
type and cross-matching methods, which fractions. He oversaw a group of doctors, chemists,
guarantee compatibility between donors and and medical scientists that produced human
receivers, were significant. plasma fractions on a massive scale for use in
treating injured soldiers during World War II.
17. Pope Innocent VII -
1492 - Eirst attempted blood transfusion. Three
young guys had their blood drawn in 1492 and
handed to Pope Innocent VII, who was ill, in the
hopes of healing him; Sadly, each of the four
passed away. Even so, the result of this incident
was inadequate; it was the first documented blood
transfusion in history.

18. George Washington Crile

1906 - First surgeon who used direct blood
transfusion in surgery. As a Navy Surgeon, he also
took part in the Spanish-American War and the
First World War, helping to save many men' lives
with his blood transfusion and hygienic practices. In
the field of surgery, he is sometimes referred to as
the father of radical neck dissection.
1st blood bank- 1936 (Barcelona,
19. 1907 Reuben Ottenberg Spanish civil war)
conducted the first blood transfusion at Mount Sinai
Hospital utilizing blood typing and cross-matching,
and noted the Mendelian inheritance of blood
types.

20. Alexis Carrel 1912

finds a method to stop clotting by stitching the
recipient's vein straight to the donor's artery.
Physicians who use this direct, vein-to-vein
technique, often called anastomosis, include J.B.