Viking - Preaction System Manual

Preaction System Technical Manual for Installation, Operation and Maintenance
February 19, 2010
Form No. F_010808
Page II
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TECHNICAL DATA
PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM
The Viking Corporation, 210 N Industrial Park Drive, Hastings MI 49058 Telephone: 269-945-9501 Technical Services: 877-384-5464 Fax: 269-818-1680 Email: techsvcs@vikingcorp.com
Table of Contents I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION II. SYSTEM TYPES AND APPLICATIONS A. Single Interlock Preaction System 1. Pneumatic Release 2. Hydraulic Release 3. Electric Release B. Double Interlock Preaction System 1. Electric/Pneumatic Release 2. Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release 3. Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release C. Non-Interlock Preaction System 1. Electric Release 2. Pneumatic Release D. Trimpac E. Trimpac Surere III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS IV. PLACING THE SYSTEM IN SERVICE V. PREACTION SYSTEM INSPECTIONS, TESTS, AND MAINTENANCE A. Quarterly Waterow Alarm Test B. Quarterly Main Drain Test C. Annual Trip Test D. Maintenance VI. REMOVING THE SYSTEM FROM SERVICE VII. TROUBLESHOOTING VIKING PREACTION SYSTEMS A. System Trouble B. During Normal Power Supply Conditions, Faults, or Complete Loss of Power C. Loss of Power During Operation D. Troubleshooting System Components 1. PORV 2. Pneumatic Actuator
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The Viking Corporation, 210 N Industrial Park Drive, Hastings MI 49058 Telephone: 269-945-9501 Technical Services 877-384-5464 Fax: 269-818-1680 Email: techsvcs@vikingcorp.com
NOTE: SPRINKLER SYSTEMS ARE ENGINEERED TO MEET THE STANDARDS OF NFPA 13, FM GLOBAL, LOSS PREVENTION COUNCIL (FOC), ASSEMBLEE PLENIERE, VERBAND DER SACHVERSICHERER (VDS) OR OTHER SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS, AND WILL ALSO NEED TO COMPLY WITH THE PRO VISIONS OF GOVERNMENTAL CODES, ORDINANCES, AND STANDARDS WHERE APPLICABLE. THE SYSTEM MUST BE DESIGNED BY QUALIFIED DESIGN PROFESSIONALS IN CONJUNCTION WITH INSURING BODIES. THE USER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DESIGN AND CONFIGURATION OF THE SYSTEM, ITS APPROPRIATENESS FOR THE USE INTENDED AND ITS COMPLIANCE WITH ALL STANDARDS, CODES AND ORDINANCES. VIKING CORPORATION DOES NOT DESIGN SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY CONCERNING WHETHER ANY SPECIFIC SYSTEM INSTALLATION WILL BE SUFFICIENT FOR THE INTENDED USE OR WILL COMPLY WITH ANY STANDARD, CODE, OR ORDINANCE. ANY SYSTEM DEPICTED IN THIS MANUAL IS SHOWN FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
I.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A Preaction System is a sprinkler system employing closed automatic sprinklers connected to a piping system that contains air or nitrogen that may or may not be pressurized. A supplemental detection system (release line) is installed in the same area as the sprinklers. The basic components of a Viking preaction system include a Model E or F series deluge valve and conventional deluge trim (Figure 1), or a Model G-2000P, G-3000P, or G-4000P valve assembly (Figure 2) and trim. The associated release trims are unique to the specific type of preaction system desired (Figures 3-6). For systems using a Model E or F series deluge valve, an Easy Riser Check Valve is also typically added to the riser when supervisory air is required within the sprinkler system piping network (Figure 7). NOTE: The Model G series valve includes an internal check valve, eliminating the need for a separate check valve on the system riser. The G series valve assembly also includes all the necessary trim components for the preaction system operation.
Figure 1
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Figure 2 NFPA 13 defines three basic types of preaction systems: Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler piping upon operation of detection devices only. Double Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler piping upon operation of both the detection devices and automatic sprinklers. Non-Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler piping upon either operation of detection devices or automatic sprinklers.
The supplemental detection system is commonly electric or pneumatic or a combination of both. Detection systems used with electric release systems are commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-temperature heat detectors, rate-of-rise heat detectors, smoke detectors or other means determined as appropriate by the specifying engineers or AHJ. In accordance with NFPA 13, the preaction sprinkler system piping and fire detection devices shall be automatically supervised where there are more than 20 sprinklers on the systems. This is accomplished with air or nitrogen gas under pressure within the sprinkler piping. If the integrity of the sprinkler piping is comprimised, the pressure will be reduced activating a supervisory pressure switch that transmits the signal to the release control panel and/or fire alarm panel. Preaction systems are typically utilized where it is desirable to delay the introduction of water into the system piping until appropriate signals are received from the detection system and/or the supervised piping. Exactly which signals and how many signals have to be received before the valve opens is a function of the type of preaction system and associated detection. This technical manual will cover Viking preaction systems, trim components and their functions, as well as describe the proper operation, maintenance, and repair of valves and system devices.
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Figure 3: Single Interlock Release Trim for Systems Using a Model E or F Series Deluge Valve
Figure 4: Single Interlock Electric Release System Using a Model G Series Valve
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Figure 5: Double Interlock Release Trim for Systems Using a Model E or F Series Deluge Valve
Figure 6: Double Interlock Electric/Pneumatic Release System Using a Model G Series Valve
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II.
S Y S T E M T Y P E S A ND APPLICATIONS
Preaction systems are used in areas where a common wet pipe or dry pipe sprinkler system would present a greater potential of facility damage in the unlikely event of unintentional water discharge. Examples of this include: Computer rooms Telecommunications facilities Museums Libraries Coolers and freezers
A. Single-Interlocked Preaction System (Figures 8a-10c)

This type of system is used where it is desirable to have water available at the sprinkler when the sprinkler fuses. Viking single interlock systems may have a pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric detection system: 1. Pneumatic Release A pneumatically actuated system uses a pneumatic actuator subjected to a minimum 30 PSI (2 bar) air pressure for system water pressures of 175 PSI (12 bar) or less. For system water pressures above 175 PSI, up to a maximum of 250 PSI (17 bar), 50 PSI (3.4 bar) air pressure is required for the pneumatic actuator. When Using a Model E or F Series Deluge Valve: The pneumatic actuator is installed in the 1/2 release line above the pressure operated relief valve (PORV) and the emergency release. This is done to establish water pressure in the deluge valve prime chamber from air pressure in the detection system. Refer to Figures 8a and 8b. In fire conditions, when a heat activated releasing device opens to cause a loss of air pressure in the release line, the pneumatic actuator opens to vent the pressure in the deluge valve priming chamber and release the water faster than it can be replaced through the restricted priming line connection, opening the deluge valve (see Figure 8c). 2. Hydraulic Release This requires a hydraulic release system equipped with thermostatic (rate-of-rise) releases, and/or fixed-temperature releases, and/or pilot heads. The system piping remains empty until the deluge valve is activated by operation of the release system. When a releasing device operates, pressure in the priming chamber of the deluge valve is relieved faster than it can be replenished through the restricted orifice. Supply pressure overcomes the deluge valve clapper differential, forcing the clapper off its seat, allowing water to flow to the system outlets and sound the water flow alarm. (Refer to Figures 9a-9b). 3. Electric Release Electrically controlled preaction systems require an eletric solenoid valve controlled by an approved release control panel with compatible detection system. In the SET condition, water supply pressure is trapped in the priming chamber by check valve and normally closed solenoid valve. Refer to Figures 10a and 10b. In fire conditions, when the detection system operates, the system control panel energizes solenoid valve open. Pressure is released from the priming chamber faster than it is supplied through restricted orifice and the deluge valve opens (Figure 10c).
Figure 7
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Figure 8a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release
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Figure 8b: Single Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 8c: Single Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release - Priming Water After Pneumatic Actuator Opens
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Figure 9a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Hydraulic Release
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Figure 9b: Single Interlock Preaction System with Hydraulic Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 10a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release
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Figure 10b: Single Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 10c: Single Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release - Priming Water After Solenoid Opens
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With the Model G-2000, G-3000, or G-4000 Valve: When the detector operates, the solenoid valve opens (Figure 10d). Prime water is drained from the prime chamber, causing the G series valve to open, filling the sprinkler piping with water. Water from the intermediate chamber of the G series valve pressurizes the sensing end of the PORV, causing the PORV to open, which continually vents prime water pressure (Figure 10d).
Figure 10d: Single Interlock System with Electric Release System using a Model G Series Valve
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B. Double-Interlocked Preaction System (Figures 11a-13c)

This system is commonly used in freezers where flooding of the pipe can have serious consequences. The double interlock preaction system utilizes a detector system and pressurized air or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping. This system is arranged so that the deluge valve will open only when both pressure is reduced in the sprinkler piping and the detection system operates. If the detection system operates due to damage or malfunction, the valve will not open, but an alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is damaged or sprinkler is broken, the valve will not open but a supervisory alarm will sound. The operation of both a sprinkler and a detector (or release) is required before the valve will open, allowing water to enter the system piping. Viking strongly suggests that the detection system not be hung from or attached to the system piping. This is to help prevent accidental damage to both systems, which would cause the deluge valve to operate and cause unnecessary water damage. Viking double interlock systems commonly have a pneumatic or electric detection system: 1. Electric/Pneumatic Release Refer to Figure 11a and 11b. This system uses the same electrical detection system as previously discussed. The operation of an electric detection system depends on the activation of a detector, which signals the release control panel to open a solenoid valve and activate an electric alarm. However, the system will not trip unless a sprinkler fuses, releasing the air pressure on the pneumatic actuator, allowing it to open, relieving the release line pressure. When that happens, the deluge valve opens (Figure 11c). With the Model G Series Valve: With both the pneumatic actuator and solenoid valve open, prime water is drained from the prime chamber, causing the rolling diaphragm to collapse and the deluge valve to open, filling the sprinkler piping with water. Water from the intermediate chamber of the deluge valve pressurizes the sensing end of the PORV, causing the PORV to open, which continually vents prime water pressure (Figure 11d). 2. Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release In a pneumatic/pneumatic system, the air pressure is supplied to the release line through two independently controlled pneumatic actuators. One of these is controlled by air pressure maintained in the pneumatic release system. The other, by air pressure maintained in the sprinkler system. (Refer to Figures 12a and 12b.) In fire conditions, the release system operates and loss of pressure in that system causes the first pneumatic actuator to open. When a sprinkler operates, loss of pressure in the sprinkler piping causes the second pneumatic actuator to open, releasing water in the deluge valves priming chamber (Figure 12c). When water in the priming chamber is released, the deluge valve opens and fills the sprinkler piping. 3. Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release In double interlock electric/pneu-lectric systems, the first signal is the electrical detection system. The second signal required to trip the deluge valve is provided by an air supervisory switch on the sprinkler system piping. The air supervisory switch is connected to the Viking VFR-400 Panel, which is cross zoned with the detection system. (Refer to Figures 13a-13c). If system piping is damaged, an alarm will sound, but the system will not actuate. Similarly, if the electric detection system is damaged, the valve will not open.
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Figure 11a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneumatic Release
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Figure 11b: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pnematic Releaes - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 11c: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneumatic Release - Priming Water After Solenoid and Pneumatic Actuator Open
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Figure 12a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release
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Figure 12b: Double Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 12c: Double Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release - Priming Water After Releases Have Activated
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Figure 13a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release
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Figure 13b: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 13c: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release - Priming Water After Solenoid Opens
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C. Non-Interlock Preaction System (Figures 14a-15c)

The non-interlock preaction system utilizes a Viking deluge valve, which may be opened either by the fusing of a sprinkler in the sprinkler piping or by the operation of the detection system. The sprinkler piping contains air or nitrogen under pressure. If the detection system does not operate, the sprinkler system will operate as a dry pipe system. If the sprinkler piping is broken or the sprinkler operates, the valve will open and water will flow. If the detection system operates due to fire, damage, or malfunction, the valve will open, but the water will be contained in the sprinkler piping. The system is supervised to indicate low air pressure. 1. Electric Release For electrical actuation of the deluge valve, a tee is installed between the PORV and the pneumatic actuator and piped to a solenoid valve to an open drain. (Refer to Figures 14a-14c.) 2. Pneumatic Release For pneumatic detection in non-interlocked preaction systems, a pneumatic actuator is installed on the 1/2 tee above the emergency release. (Refer to Figures 15a and 15b.) The pneumatic release system and sprinkler system supervisory air supply are cross connected. Therefore, with a loss of air pressure in either the release line or sprinkler piping, the pneumatic actuator opens (Figure 15c) to vent the priming chamber of the deluge valve faster than the water can be replaced through the restricted orifice in the priming line connection, thus opening the deluge valve. When a sprinkler system operates before the detection system, the preaction system piping is cross connected to the pneumatic release line. The deluge valve will operate the same as before once the pneumatic actuator opens. A check valve is installed in the cross connection so the reaction to release devices is not delayed by the volume of air in the system piping.
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Figure 14a: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release
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Figure 14b: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 14c: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release - Priming Water After Solenoid or Pneumatic Actuator Open
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Figure 15a: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release
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Figure 15b: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release - Priming Water in Set Position
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Figure 15c: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release - Priming Water After Pneumatic Actuator Has Opened
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D. TRIMPAC
Vikings Trimpac is a factory assembled trim package including a specific release device for a single or double interlocked preaction system, with the standard trim contained in a single cabinet (Figure 16). Trimpac provides access doors for the emergency release and alarm test valve for manual operation of these trim valves. Trimpac is equipped with priming water pressure and water supply gauge view-ports for easy monitoring of water pressures. The enclosure protects trim valves from inadvertent operation, while stainless steel hoses (or field provided hard piping) from the valve body to the cabinet allows the assembly to be installed up to 5 ft away from the deluge/flow control valve.
Figure 16: Viking Trimpac
Figure 17: Trimpac Air Line Trim
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Trimpac can be utilized for systems regardless of valve size. A valve drain package is required for the deluge/flow control valve and is ordered based on valve size. NOTE: The Trimpac trim assembly must be installed to facilitate drainage, must be installed an area not subject to freezing, and must be installed above the elevation of the drip check valve. Refer to the technical data pages. Trimpac Air Line Trim Trimpac air line trim is for use with Trimpac single interlock or double interlock preaction systems including Surefire (see Figure 17 for example). The air line connects to the pneumatic sensing line of the Trimpac cabinet and includes approximately 10 ft of copper tubing, air gauge, an air maintenance loop (when used with a tank mounted compressor), pressure switch, check valve, and fittings. Note that the Trimpac air line trim is ordered separately from the Trimac. Refer to technical data pages for additional information.
E. TRIMPAC SUREFIRE
Vikings Trimpac Surefire is unique system that provides failsafe operation upon loss of the primary and secondary power supplies. The Surefire system is a factory assembled trim package for use with a deluge valve, with standard trim contained in a Trimpac cabinet as described on page 35. Trimpac eliminates the field assembly of the deluge valve trim and release module piping. Trimpac Surfire Single Interlock or Double Interlock Preaction Systems are designed with an electric release system. The system piping is normally dry and pnuematically pressurized to supervise the integrity of the piping, fitting and sprinklers. 1. Trimpac Surere Single Interlock Preaction System (Figure 18a) System water supply pressure enters the priming chamber of the deluge valve through the 1/2 (13 mm) priming line, which includes a normally open priming valve, strainer, restricted orifice, and check valve. In the SET condition, water supply pressure is trapped in the priming chamber by check valve, normally closed emergency release, pressure operated relief valve, pneumatic actuator, and normally closed release solenoid valve. Water supply pressure in the priming chamber holds the clapper of the deluge valve on the seat due to the differential design of the valve pressure. The clapper separates the inlet chamber from the outlet chamber, keeping the outlet chamber and system piping dry. In fire conditions, when the detection system operates, the VFR400 Control Panel activates the system alarm and energizes normally closed release solenoid valve open. Pressure is released from the priming chamber faster than it is supplied through restricted orifice. The deluge valve clapper opens to allow water to flow into the system piping and to alarm devices. Water entering the system piping increases pressure on the PORV, which vents the water supply to the prime chamber. Water will flow from any open sprinklers or nozzles. 2. Trimpac Surere Double Interlock Preaction System (Figure 18b) System water supply pressure enters the priming chamber of the deluge valve through the 1/4 (8 mm) hose and 1/2 priming line which includes a normally open priming valve, strainer, restricted orifice and check valve. In the SET condition, water supply pressure is trapped in the priming chamber by check valve, normally closed emergency release, pneumatic actuator, pressure operated relief valve (PORV) and normally closed release solenoid valve. Water supply pressure in the priming chamber holds the clapper of the deluge valve on the seat due to the differential design of the valve pressure. The clapper separates the inlet chamber from the outlet chamber, keeping the outlet chamber and system piping dry.
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Figure 18a: Trimpac Surefire Single Interlock Preaction System
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Figure 18b: Trimpac Surefire Double Interlock Preaction System
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In fire conditions, when the detection system operates, the VFR400 Control Panel activates the system alarm and initiates the appropriate detection alarms. No water enters the system piping at this time. When a sprinkler operates, system supervisory air is lost, and the low air pressure switch is activated. Only after both indicating circuits have operated, the VFR400 Control Panel energizes normally closed release solenoid valve open and normally open release solenoid valve closed. Pressure is released from the priming chamber faster than it is supplied through restricted orifice. The deluge valve clapper opens to allow water flow into the system piping and to alarm devices. Water entering the system piping increases pressure on the PORV, which vents off the water supply to the priming chamber. Water will flow from any open sprinklers or nozzles.
F.
SUREFIRE PREACTION SYSTEM WITH THE MODEL G SERIES VALVE (Figure 19)
Viking supervised Surefire Preaction Systems utilize the Model G-2000P, G-3000P, or G-4000P Valve. The system piping is pressurized with air or nitrogen for all Surefire systems as part of the fail safe release and to supervise the integrity of the piping under normal power conditions. This feature serves to prevent undetected leaks in the system piping network and allows automatic fire protection upon complete loss of power. If the system piping or a sprinkler is damaged, the supervisory pressure is reduced and a low air supervisory alarm is activated. Surefire preaction systems require one 24 VDC normally closed electric solenoid valve and one 24 VDC normally open solenoid valve controlled by the Viking VFR-400 Release Control Panel with a compatible detection system. In addition, a pneumatic actuator is required as part of the release system. In the set position, when air pressure is introduced into the sprinkler piping, the sensing end of the pneumatic actuator is pressurized. This closes the pneumatic actuator. The closed pneumatic actuator, and the normally closed solenoid valve prevent prime water from escaping the prime chamber of the deluge valve. When prime water enters the prime chamber, the rolling diaphragm is pressurized, causing it to expand downward onto the water seat. 1. Surefire Single Interlock Preaction System When the detection system operates, the normally closed solenoid valve is powered open. Prime water is drained from the prime chamber, causing the deluge valve to open, filling the sprinkler piping with water. Water from the intermediate chamber of the deluge valve pressurizes the sensing end of the D-1 PORV causing the PORV to open. The open PORV prevents water pressure from building in the deluge valve prime chamber. 2. Surere Double Interlock Preaction System When the detection system operates and a sprinkler head operates, the normally closed solenoid valve is powered open. Prime water is drained from the prime chamber, causing the deluge valve to open, filling the sprinkler piping with water. Water from the intermediate chamber of the deluge valve pressurizes the sensing end of the D-1 PORV, causing the PORV to open. The open PORV prevents water pressure from building in the deluge valve prime chamber.
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Figure 19: Surefire Preaction System
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III.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Section 7.3 of NFPA 13 provides the installation rules and characteristics that are unique to preaction systems. Also, refer to NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code for specific requirements on the design of electrical detection systems. System Size For single and non-interlock preaction systems, no more than 1,000 automatic sprinklers shall be controlled by any one deluge valve per section 7.3.2.2 of NFPA 13. For double interlock systems, system size is determined by ONE of the following, per section 7.3.2.3 of NFPA 13: 1. The system shall be designed to deliver water to the system test connection in no more than 60 seconds, starting at the normal air pressure on the system, with the detection system activated and the inspection test connection fully opened simultaneously. 2. System size shall be based on calculating water delivery based on hazard, in accordance with section 7.2.3.6 of NFPA 13 (same as for dry systems), anticipating that the detection system activation and sprinkler operation will be simultaneous. NOTE: Fires in higher hazard materials produce higher heat release rates are expected to activate a greater number of sprinklers, as reflected in the table. A larger number of open sprinklers results in water moving faster from the deluge valve and piping to the open sprinklers. NFPA 13 requires any calculation program and method to be listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. System is to be sized so that initial water discharge at the system test valve or manifold outlet is not more than those in Table 1, starting at normal air pressure on the system and at the time of fully opened test connection. 3. System size shall be designed to deliver water to the system test connection in no more than 60 seconds, starting at the normal air pressure on the system, with the detection system activated and the inspection test connection, arranged to comply with Table 1, opened simultaneously. NFPA 13 permits a listed quick-opening device to be used to help meet the above requirements.
NFPA 13-2007 edition. TABLE 1: SYSTEM WATER DELIVERY Hazard Residential Light Ordinary I Ordinary II Extra I Extra II High Piled Number of Most Remote Sprinklers Initially Open 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 Maximum Time of Water Delivery 15 seconds 60 seconds 50 seconds 50 seconds 45 seconds 45 seconds 40 seconds
Supervision Single interlock preaction systems have a minimum pressure requirement of 7 PSI (0.5 bar) per NFPA 13, while non-interlock and double interlock preaction systems are required to maintain a minimum supervising air pressure as follows: 1. For Viking non-interlock preaction systems and double interlock preaction systems with pneumatic/ pneumatic release or electric/pneumatic release: Provide 30 PSI (2.1 bar) pneumatic pressure to the pneumatic release system (or sprinkler system) and pneumatic actuator for system water pressures of 175 PSI (12 bar) or less. For system water pressures above 175 PSI, up to a maximum of 250 PSI (17 bar), provide 50 PSI (3.4 bar) pneumatic pressure to the pneumatic release system (or sprinkler system) and pneumatic actuator.
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TABLE 2: RECOMMENDED PNEUMATIC SUPERVISORY PRESSURES AND SETTINGS FOR VIKING DOUBLE INTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEMS WITH ELECTRIC/PNEU-LECTRIC RELEASE (FOR SYSTEMS USING A MODEL E OR F SERIES DELUGE VALVE) Device Air Maintenance Device Low-Air Alarm Contact Setting on Release System Pressure Supervisory Switch Setting for Contacts on Release System Pressure Supervisory Switch to activate Release Control Panel Initiating Circuit For Supervisory Pressure of 30 PSI (2.1 bar) Set to Maintain 30 PSI (2.1 bar) 25 PSI (1.7 bar) On Pressure Drop For Supervisory Pressure of 10 PSI (.7 bar) Set to Maintain 10 PSI (.7 bar) 7.5 PSI (.52 bar) On Pressure Drop
20 PSI (1.4 bar) on Pressure Drop
5 PSI (.34 bar) on Pressure Drop
Set release system air pressure supervisory switch to activate at 25 PSI (1.7 bar) on pressure drop for system water pressures of 175 PSI (12 bar) or less. For system water pressures above 175 PSI, up to a maximum of 250 PSI (17 bar), set the air pressure supervisory switch to activate at 45 PSI (2.4 bar) on pressure drop. Air pressure supervisory switch should be wired to activate an alarm to signal a low air pressure condition. Activation of an alarm to signal a high pressure condition may be required. Refer to applicable installation standards and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 2A. For Viking double interlock preaction systems with electric/pneu-lectric release using a Model E or F series deluge valve: Refer to the settings in Table 2. Recommended pneumatic supervisory pressure in the closed sprinkler piping is 30 PSI (2.1 bar). The air supervisory switch should be equipped with two sets of independently adjustable contacts. On systems with a Model E or F series deluge valve, use the Viking Pressure Supervisory Switch as air supervisory switch. For 30 PSI (2.1 bar) supervisory pressure: Adjust one set of contacts of air supervisory switch to activate at 25 PSI (1.7 bar) on pressure drop. These contacts should be wired to activate a Low-Air supervisory alarm. The other set of contacts in the air supervisory switch should activate at 20 PSI (1.4 bar) on pressure drop. Wire these contacts to activate the remaining initiating circuit of the system control panel configured for cross-zoned operation. For the VFR400 Release Control Panel, refer to the appropriate wiring diagram packed with the panel. Activation of an alarm to signal a high-pressure condition may be required. Refer to applicable installation standards and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Installation Standards may allow supervisory pressures lower than those recommended above. For pneumatic supervisory pressure of 10 PSI (.7 bar), use Viking Alarm Pressure Switch as air supervisory switch. For 10 PSI (.7 bar) Supervisory Pressure: Adjust one set of contacts of air supervisory switch to activate at 7.5 PSI (.52 bar) on pressure drop. These contacts should be wired to activate a Low-Air supervisory alarm. The other set of contacts in air supervisory switch should activate at 5 PSI (3.4 bar) on pressure drop. Wire these contacts to activate the remaining initiating circuit of the system control panel configured for cross-zoned operation. For the VFR400 Release Control Panel, refer to the appropriate wiring diagram packed with the panel. Activation of an alarm to signal a high-pressure condition may be required. Refer to applicable installation standards and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Note: When using supervisory pressures, settings, or equipment other than those recommended above, verify that air regulation equipment and air supervisory switches used are compatible with the supervisory pressure setting used. Supervisory pressures other than the recommended settings noted above may affect operation of the system. Release Devices The release system shall serve all areas that the preaction system protects to ensure that in the event of a fire, the release system will activate and provide water to the system and the affected area. There are a number of release system devices that can be used in the detection system. The simplest of these is to use sprinklers in a pilot line under system water pressure. The pilot line is piped to the area protected with connections to the emergency release.
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NOTE: Section 6.9.2.3 of NFPA 13 requires the alarm apparatus for preaction systems to consist of alarms actuated independently by the detection system and the flow of water (Figures 20a-20c). Preaction systems activated by pilot sprinklers are not required to have an independent detection system alarm.
Figure 20a: Preaction System with Pilot Line Loss of Air Activates General Alarm
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Figure 20b: Preaction System with Electric Detection Activates General Alarm
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Figure 20c: Preaction System with Electric Detection - Emergency Release
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Releasing devices, including automatic sprinklers used as releasing devices, are listed with specific spacing requirements that must be followed. Any listed sprinkler can be used on the system, however, Viking recommends the Microfast Model M Fixed Temperature Release because of its maximum spacing allowance (Figure 21). NOTE: Where thermal activation is utilized, the activation temperature of the release system shall be lower than the activation temperature of the sprinkler to allow the releasing device to operate before the sprinkler system. While simple, using automatic sprinklers as a method of release may not be fast enough in many situations. To speed up system operation, the most common release device utilized is the Viking Model C Rate of Rise Release. The Model C will activate the system when the temperature in the protected area increases at a rate of more than 15 F per minute. Pressure from the release line flows through a small hole in the releases diaphragm to exert pressure on the diaphragm, forcing the clapper in the release closed against its seat. The mechanics of release operation begin with a rapid change in temperature. When the release is subjected to a rate of temperature increase greater than 15 F per minute, the tube element expands more rapidly than the rod element because of its relatively large surface area and small mass (Figure 22).
Figure 21
Figure 22: Model C-1 Thermostatic Release
Figure 23
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The force pulling on the lever arm depresses a schrader valve stem, sending the pressure above the diaphragm faster than it can be replenished through the small hole in the diaphragm (Figure 23). The pressure under the clapper lifts it, allowing the release line pressure to be vented through the drain outlet (Figure 24). The unit is self-resetting when operated as a rate of rise device. The unit may also be equipped with a fixed temperature release that will release the system at a preset temperature regardless of the rate of temperature increase. The release can be mounted at any angle and there is no limit on the number of them that can be on a single line (Figure 25).
NFPA 13-2007 edition.
Figure 24
Figure 25: Model C-1 Thermostatic Release
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Device Compatibility All components of pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical systems shall be compatible to ensure that all system components function as an integrated unit. For example, in electrical systems, the solenoid valve must be listed with the deluge valve, and the fire detection system, including the control panel. Correct coordination of the detection devices, the releasing equipment, and the control panel is imperative for prompt and reliable operation of the system. Hydraulic Release System Requirements Hydraulic release systems may utilize rate-of-temperature rise, fixed-temperature, manual releasing devices, or combinations thereof. Hydraulic release systems are normally the least expensive of possible release systems; however, they must not be installed in areas that are not subject to freezing. Release Lines: Use galvanized steel pipe or corrosion-resistant tubing, such as copper or brass for release lines. Do not exceed 1,000 ft. (304.8 m) of (15 mm) pipe in a release-line system. In systems over this capacity, larger pipe sizing is required. Maximum Allowable Height Of Release Line Above The Deluge Valve: Under certain conditions, the deluge valve may be subject to water columning. To prevent this, hydraulic release system piping must not exceed the maximum elevation allowed for hydraulic release piping above the deluge valve as indicated in the listing. Refer to current technical data for the Viking deluge valve used. Pneumatic Release System Requirements Pneumatic release systems may utilize rate-of-rise, fixed-temperature, manual releasing devices, or combinations thereof. Pneumatic release systems may be used in most areas. Valve trip-time may vary depending on the length of the release line and the air pressure maintained on the release system. Air is commonly used in the release line where freezing is a concern. However, air systems require a dry air supply, a means of transitioning from air to water in the release line, and a release line maximum of 1,000 ft. The device used to accomplish the transition is Vikings Model H-1 Pneumatic Actuator (Figure 26). Its inlet is subject to system water pressure (Figure 27). Its priming chamber is subject to release line air pressure of 30 PSI minimum and its outlet is open to drain (Figure 28). Air pressure on the priming chamber of the actuator forces the diaphragm and piston assembly to seal the inlet from the outlet (Figure 29). With its differential design, the relatively low pressure in the priming chamber will control a higher water inlet pressure. When a pilot line release opens and relieves air pressure in the actuator priming chamber, the inlet pressure and the spring force the diaphragm and the piston assembly to move, allowing the inlet water pressure to be relieved through the outlet (Figure 30).
Figure 26
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Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
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Pressure to be Maintained in a Pneumatic Release System: For recommended pneumatic (air or nitrogen) pressures to be maintained in pneumatic release systems, refer to current Viking technical data for the system used. For additional information concerning pneumatic release system equipment, devices, and installation instructions, refer to the Viking Engineering and Design Data book section describing Pneumatic Supplies. Release Line Restriction: All pneumatic-release systems must be equipped with a restricted orifice in the air or nitrogen supply to ensure that the automatic air supply cannot replace pneumatic pressure as fast as it escapes when a releasing device operates. This restriction is already incorporated in the Viking air maintenance device and release line air supply assembly. The air maintenance device contains a 1/16 inch (.16 mm) orifice (Figure 31), which restricts the flow of air into the system so that when a sprinkler opens, air pressure will not enter the system faster than it will discharge through a sprinkler. The bypass valve is kept closed and opened only to speed up the filling of the system piping to the required pressure in the required time. Reducing Trip Time: If the system trip time is excessive, it can be substantially reduced by one or more of the following: 1. Add a check valve (Circle Seal or equivalent) in branch portions of the release-line system. (Install so flow is toward releasing device). 2. Install an optional accelerator on the pneumatic release system to provide earlier alarms and/or allow the system to trip faster. An accelerator may be necessary to meet system discharge time requirements. Release Line Dehydrator: Due to problems that accumulated condensation can cause, especially on freezer systems, all pneumatic release systems must be provided with a properly sized and maintained air dehydrator installed on the air supply (Figure 32). It is important that the color of the desiccant be checked at regular intervals to ensure its drying capability. Pneumatic Supply: Refer to Viking technical data, system data, and associated schematic drawings for the preaction system used. Also, refer to the Viking Engineering and Design Data book section describing Pneumatic Supplies for additional information on pneumatic (air or nitrogen) equipment, devices, and installation requirements.
Figure 31 Electric Release System Requirements Viking preaction systems can be activated electrically through the use of a solenoid valve (Figures 32 and 33). The solenoid reacts to device actuation by opening, relieving pressure from the priming chamber of the deluge valve (Figure 34). Note the electrical characteristics of the solenoid valve, as it must be compatible with the system control panel and other electrical components. Observe all manufacturers technical instructions.
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Figure 32: Release Line Dehydrator (Shown with a Model F-1 Deluge Valve and Trim)
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Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
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Location of Release and Pressure Switch: The location of the solenoid valve is shown on the various system data sheets. Flow through the release must be in the direction indicated. The pressure switch in the release control unit system is located in the alarm line. Manually-Operated Release System Requirements Manually operated release systems are usually integrated into one of the other types of release systems. NFPA 13 requires the manual release device to be a stand-alone arrangement to ensure operation, regardless of the potential failure of the associated detection system. Normally a system will incorporate a manual (emergency) release at the valve, exits, operator station, or other convenient locations to operate the system during a fire emergency. Any time the handle inside emergency release is pulled, pressure is released from the priming chamber; the deluge valve will open but the water will be contained in the sprinkler piping. Water motor alarm and alarms connected to alarm pressure switch will activate. If a sprinkler head opens, water will flow from the system. Release Control Panel The release panel is an essential component for system operation and is required to be listed. Note that NFPA 72 (sections 3.3.64 and 3.3.67) provides the following definitions related to the release control panel (fire alarm control unit) and fire alarm system: Release Control Panel The release panel is an essential component for system operation and is required to be listed. Note that NFPA 72 (sections 3.3.64 and 3.3.67) provides the following definitions related to the release control panel (fire alarm control unit) and fire alarm system: Fire Alarm Control Unit: A component of the fire alarm system, provided with primary and secondary power sources, which receives signals from initiating devices or other fire alarm control units, and processes these signals to determine part or all of the required fire alarm system output function(s). Releasing Service Fire Alarm Control Unit: A protected premises fire alarm control unit specifically listed for releasing service that is part of a fire suppression system and which provides control outputs to release a fire suppression agent based on either automatic or manual input. Fire Alarm System: A system or portion of a combination system that consists of components and circuits arranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate the appropriate response to those signals. Releasing Fire Alarm System: A protected premises fire alarm system that is part of a fire suppression system and/or which provides control inputs to a fire suppression system and/or which provides control inputs to a fire suppression system related to the fire suppression systems sequence of operations and outputs for other signaling and notification. Devices for Test Purposes and Testing Apparatus Where detection devices installed in circuits are located where not readily accessible for testing, Section 7.3.1.7 of NFPA 13 requires an additional detection device to be provided on each circuit for test purposes at an accessible location. The device shall be connected to the circuit at a point that will ensure a proper test of the circuit. The testing device used must be capable of producing the heat or impulse necessary to operate any normal detection device and shall be furnished by to the property owner with each installation. Where explosive vapors or materials exist, other methods of testing that dont involve an ingnition source (such as hot water or steam) shall be used.
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Figure 36 Water Control Valves Section 7.3.1.2 of NFPA 13 requires the automatic water control valve to be provided with hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical manual means for operation that is independent of detection devices and of the sprinklers (Figure 36). Valve Rooms and Protection Against Freezing The deluge valve, system water control valves and supply pipes must be protected against freezing. A heated enclosure may be required. NFPA 13 section 7.3.1.8.2 requires valve rooms to be lighted and heated with a permanent heat source, such as a baseboard or unit heater. Note: Heat tape is not permitted to be used in lieu of heated valve enclosures to protect deluge valves and supply pipe against freezing. Pressure Gauges NFPA 13 requires listed pressure gauges to be installed below the deluge valve and on the air supply to deluge valves. Refer to NFPA 13 section 8.17.3 for additional information on gauges.
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Auxiliary Drains Section 8.16.2.5.3 of NFPA 13 requires auxiliary drains where a change in piping direction prevents drainage of system piping through the main drain valve. Where the capacity of trapped sections of pipe is less than 5 gal (18.9 L), the drain shall consist of a valve at least 1/2 (15 mm) and a plug or nipple and cap. Where the capacity of isolated trapped sections of system piping is more than 5 gal (18.9 L), the auxiliary drain shall consist of two 1 (25 mm) valves and one 2 x 12 (50 mm x 305 mm) condensate nipple or equivalent, accessibly located in accordance with Figure 8.16.2.5.3.4 of NFPA 13. Note that listed equivalent products are now available. Tie-in drains are not required on preaction systems protecting non-freezing environments. Adjacent trapped branch lines must be provided with tie-in drains. It is recommended to limited the number of branch lines tied together; the tie-in drains are restricted to a maximum of 1 (25 mm). Auxiliary drains located in areas subject to freezing shall be readily accessible. Systems with low point drains shall have a sign at the preaction valve indicating the number of low point drains and the location of each individual drain. NOTE: Auxiliary drains are not for pipe drops supplying dry pendent sprinklers installed in accordance with section 7.2.2 of NFPA 13.
NFPA 13 or NFPA 72-2007 edition.
IV. V.
PLACING THE SYSTEM IN SERVICE

(Refer to technical data.)
PREACTION SYSTEM INSPECTIONS, TESTS, AND MAINTENANCE

NOTICE: THE OWNER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING THE FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEM AND DEVICES IN PROPER OPERATING CONDITION. THE DELUGE VALVE MUST BE KEPT FROM FREEZING CONDITIONS AND PHYSICAL DAMAGE THAT COULD IMPAIR ITS OPERATION. WARNING: ANY SYSTEM MAINTENANCE THAT INVOLVES PLACING A CONTROL VALVE OR DETECTION SYSTEM OUT OF SERVICE MAY ELIMINATE THE FIRE-PROTECTION CAPABILITIES OF THAT SYSTEM. PRIOR TO PROCEEDING, NOTIFY ALL AUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION. CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO EMPLOYMENT OF A FIRE PATROL IN THE AFFECTED AREAS. It is imperative that the system be inspected and tested on a regular basis in accordance with NFPA 25. During all inspections, testing, and maintenance activities the valve, trim, piping, alarm devices, and connected equipment must be visually inspected for foreign matter, physical damage, freezing, corrosion, or other conditions that may inhibit the proper operation of the system. The following recommendations are minimum requirements. The frequency of the inspections may vary due to contaminated or corrosive water supplies and corrosive atmospheres. In addition, the alarm devices, detection systems, or other connected equipment may require more frequent inspections. Refer to the system description, sections in this manual specifically for each component of the system and type of release system, applicable codes, and the authority having jurisdiction for minimum requirements. Prior to testing the equipment, notify appropriate personnel. Weekly visual inspection of the Viking deluge valve is recommended. 1. Verify that the main water supply control valve is open and that all other valves are in their normal operating position and appropriately secured. For normal operating position, refer to trim charts and system data for the system used. 2. Check for signs of mechanical damage, leakage, and/or corrosive activity. If detected, perform maintenance as required. If necessary, replace the device. 3. Verify that the valve and trim are adequately heated and protected from freezing and physical damage.
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A. Quarterly Water Flow Alarm Test

Quarterly testing of water flow alarms and performance of a main drain test is recommended and may be required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 1. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction and those in the area affected by the test. 2. To test the local electric alarm (if provided) and/or mechanical water motor alarm (if provided), OPEN the alarm test valve in the deluge valve trim. a. b. c. d. Electric alarm pressure switches (if provided) should activate. Electric local alarms should be audible. The local water motor gong should be audible. If equipped with remote station alarm signaling devices, verify that alarm signals were received.
3. When testing is complete, CLOSE the alarm test valve. 4. Verify: a. All local alarms stop sounding and alarm panels (if provided) reset. b. All remote station alarms reset. c. Supply piping to water motor alarm properly drains. 5. Verify that the alarm shut-off valve is OPEN, and the alarm test valve is CLOSED. 6. Verify that the outlet chamber is free of water. No water should flow from the drip check when the plunger is pushed. 7. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction and those in the affected area that testing is complete.
B. Quarterly Main Drain Test

1. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction and those in the area affected by the test. 2. Record pressure reading from the water supply pressure gauge. 3. Verify that the outlet chamber of the deluge valve is free of water. No water should flow from the drip check when the plunger is pushed. 4. Fully OPEN the flow test valve. 5. When a full flow is developed from the flow test valve, record the residual pressure from the water supply pressure gauge. 6. When the test is complete, SLOWLY CLOSE the flow test valve. 7. Compare test results with previous flow information. If deterioration of the water supply is detected, take appropriate steps to restore adequate water supply. 8. Verify: a. Normal water supply pressure has been restored to the inlet chamber, the priming chamber, and the release system. The pressure on the priming chamber water pressure gauge should equal the system water supply pressure. b. All alarm devices, and valves are secured in normal operating position. For normal operating position, refer to trim charts and system data for the system used. 9. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction that the test is complete. Record and/or provide notification of test results as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
C. Annual Trip Test

CAUTION! Performing this test results in operation of the deluge valve. Water will flow into the sprinkler piping and from any open sprinklers and/or nozzles. Take necessary precautions to prevent damage. 1. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction and those in the area affected by the test. 2. Fully open the flow test valve to flush away any accumulation of foreign material.
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3. Close the flow test valve. 4. Trip the system by operating the release system. Allow a full flow to pass through the deluge valve. Water ow alarms should operate. 5. When test is complete: a. b. c. d. Close the main water supply control valve. Close the priming valve. Open the auxiliary drain valve. Open all system main drains and auxiliary drains. Allow the system to drain completely.
6. Perform Semi-Annual Maintenance. 7. Place the system in service. Refer to INSTALLATION: PLACING THE VALVE IN SERVICE in the appropriate deluge valve technical data page. NOTE: Deluge valves supplied by brackish water, salt water, foam, foam/water solution, or any other corrosive water supply should be flushed with good quality fresh water before being returned to service. 8. Notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction that the test is complete. Record and/or provide notification of test results as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
D. Maintenance
Where difficulty in performance is experienced, the valve manufacturer or his authorized representative shall be contacted if any field adjustment is to be made. After Each Operation 1. Sprinkler systems that have been subjected to a fire must be returned to service as soon as possible. The entire system must be inspected for damage, and repaired or replaced as necessary. 2. Deluge valves and trim that have been subjected to brackish water, salt water, foam, foam/water solution, or any other corrosive water supply should be flushed with good quality fresh water before being returned to service. 3. Perform SEMI-ANNUAL maintenance after every operation. Semi-Annual Maintenance for Model E or F Series Deluge Valves 1. Remove the system from service. (Refer to deluge system data that describes systems with the release system used for additional information.) a. Close the main water supply control valve and priming valve. b. Open the auxiliary drain valve. c. Relieve pressure in the priming chamber by opening the emergency release valve. 2. Inspect all trim for signs of corrosion and/or blockage. Clean and/or replace as required. 3. Clean and/or replace all strainer screens. Note: The screen in the priming line strainer must be cleaned from time to time and the other devices in the priming line may need to be replaced as well. The plug on the strainer provides access to visually check the screen. The plug should not be removed while the system is under pressure. 4. For Halar coated deluge valves, check the Halar coating for physical damage. If necessary, make repairs to the affected area to inhibit potential corrosion. Refer to the paragraph below Halar Coating Repair instructions. 5. Refer to PLACING THE VALVE IN SERVICE in the appropriate deluge valve technical data page. Every Fifth Year 1. Internal inspection of deluge valves is recommended every five years unless inspections and tests indicate more frequent internal inspections are required. Refer to Disassembly instructions provided below. 2. Internal inspection of strainers and restricted orifices is recommended every five years unless inspections and tests indicate more frequent internal inspections are required. 3. Record and provide notification of inspection results as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
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Halar Coating Repair If the Halar coating becomes chipped, immediately repair the damaged area to inhibit the potential for corrosion. Follow instructions below: 1. Wipe clean and prepare the area to be repaired as instructed. 2. Using a hand held torch, gently heat the Halar coating around the area needing repair to the melting point of the Halar. 3. Allow the heated Halar to flow together. 4. Allow the coating to cool as directed in the instructions. Valve Disassembly 1. Remove the valve from service. a. Close the main water supply control valve and priming valve. b. Open the auxiliary drain valve. c. Release the pressure in the priming chamber by opening the emergency release valve. 2. Disconnect and remove necessary trim from the cover and remove cap screws. For 2 through 8 deluge valves only: 3. Lift cover from body. 4. Remove the clapper assembly by lifting it from body. 5. Inspect seat. If replacement is necessary, do not attempt to separate it from body. The seat is not removeable. 6. To replace the diaphragm rubber, remove the circle of screws. Remove the clamp ring. The diaphragm rubber can be removed. 7. To replace the seat rubber assembly, the clapper assembly must be removed from the valve (see Step 3 above). Remove the circle of screws. The seat rubber assembly can be removed. For 1-1/2 deluge valves only: 3. Lift the cover from the spacer. 4. Remove the spacer and the rolling diaphragm and clapper assembly from the body. 5. To replace the clapper assembly, remove the screw and sealing-washer assembly. Install the new clapper assembly and discard the old. 6. To replace the lower diaphragm, remove the screw and sealing-washer assembly, and the clapper. Install the new diaphragm and discard the old. 7. To replace the upper diaphragm rubber, remove the screw and sealing-washer assembly, and the clamp plate. Install the new diaphragm and discard the old. NOTE: PRIOR TO INSTALLING A NEW DIAPHRAGM RUBBER, SEAT RUBBER OR LOWER DIAPHRAGM, MAKE CERTAIN THAT ALL SURFACES ARE CLEAN AND FREE OF FOREIGN MATTER. THE SEAT MUST BE SMOOTH AND FREE OF NICKS, BURRS OR INDENTATIONS. NOTE: THE CLAPPER RUBBER MUST BE INSTALLED WITH THE RIDGE ON THE CLAPPER RUBBER FACING TOWARDS THE CLAPPER. Valve Reassembly 1. Prior to reassembly, flush the valve of all foreign matter. The valve seat must be clean and free from all marks and scratches. 2. To reassemble, reverse disassembly procedure. For the 1-1/2 deluge valves only: 3. When installing diaphragms, care must be taken to assure all bolt holes are aligned. Also, the fabric side (rough side) of the diaphragms must be positioned toward piston. Prior to tightening screws, install the clapper assembly into the spacer. a. Insert the upper diaphragm through the opening in spacer from the bottom surface of the spacer to the top. The clapper assembly must be toward the inlet chamber of the valve.
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NOTE: THE SPACERS OUTSIDE DIAMETER IS TAPERED. THE DIAMETER OF THE BOTTOM IS GREATER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE TOP. b. Align bolt holes and tighten screws. 4. Place the cover, with cap screws inserted in the holes, upside down on a work bench. 5. With the top side of the spacer and upper diaphragm toward the cover, place the clapper assembly and spacer, described in Step 3, over the threaded ends of cap screws. a. Upper diaphragm must be flat between the cover and spacer. b. The piston should protrude from the spacer, and the clapper assembly should be visible (facing up). 6. Gently roll the lower diaphragm over the protruding piston and position the bolt holes of the lower diaphragm over the threaded ends of the cap screws. 7. Taking care not to cut the diaphragm, tuck the lower diaphragm between the spacer and piston around the entire circumference of the piston while gently pushing the piston into the spacer. 8. Carefully position the cover with cap screws and piston assembly on the valve body. 9. Remove the cover with cap screws and verify that upper diaphragm is properly tucked between the spacer and piston around the entire circumference of the piston. 10. Install cover and cap screws. a. Lower diaphragm must be flat between the spacer and body. b. Cross tighten cap screws uniformly. Do not over-tighten. 11. The valve must be operated after reassembly to verify all parts function properly. Maintenance for the Model G Series Valve (Refer to Figures 37-48.) 1. Close the water supply main control valve (Figure 37), placing the system out of service. 2. Open the flow test valve located in the base of the Model G Series Valve (Figure 38). 3. Close the air (or nitrogen) supply to the preaction system piping and pilot line (Figure 39). 4. Close the priming valve (Figure 40). 5. Relieve all pressure from the preaction system piping and pilot line. If the system has operated (Figure 41), open the main drain valve to allow the system to drain completely. 6. To remove the cover from the body (Figures 42a-42b): a. b. c. d. e. f. Remove the coupling from the top of the Model G Series Valve. Remove the section of pipe directly above the deluge valve, if provided. Remove the air supply line. Remove the coupling or open the union below the main drain, if provided. Remove the cover screws. The cover and trim that is still connected may now be removed from the body. (It may be necessary to pry the valve open as the diaphragm may bond itself to the cover and body over time.)
7. To remove / replace the check diaghphragm (Figure 43): a. The check diaghphragm may be lifted from the valve body. b. If nescessary, replace the check diaphragm. 8. To inspect the prime chamber and coupling for leaks (Figures 44-45): Note: If desired, it is possible to set the Model G Series Valve and inspect for leaks with the cover removed. a. Remove the pneumatic actuator (for pneumatic release systems) and temporarily plug the 1/2 prime line. (Plug the outlet of the NO solenoid valve on Surefire Preaction Systems. b. Slowly open the prime valve. c. With prime water established, partially open the main water supply control valve. d. Visually inspect the inside of the deluge valve for leaks.
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e. Close the water supply control valve. 9. To remove / replace the prime coupling (Figures 46-47): a. b. c. d. Remove the 1/4 socket set screw and nylon ball (for the Model G-4000P Valve only). Open the 1/2 union on the prime line. Using a wrench on the flats of the coupling, remove the coupling from the valve body. Inspect the coupling and 2 o-rings. Replace if necessary.
10. To remove / replace the prime chamber assembly (Figure 48): a. The prime chamber assembly is now held in place by two flanges on the outside diameter of the assembly. Slide the prime chamber assembly toward the prime line and remove from the body. b. Inspect and replace if necessary. c. Inspect the seat. The seat should be clean and free of foreign material. If the seat is damaged, the Model G Series Valve must be replaced. 11. To re-assemble the valve: a. Place the prime chamber assembly in the valve body. Make sure the two flanges are positioned in the groove. b. Thread the prime coupling into the valve body. Make sure the end of the prime coupling is inserted into the prime chamber assembly. c. Replace the nylon ball and socket set screw (Model G-4000P Valve only). d. Tighten the 1/4 socket set screw (Model G-4000P Valve only). e. Lay the check diaphragm into the valve body. f. Position the cover on the valve body, and install and tighten the cover screws. g. Re-install any trim that was removed. h. Place the valve in service by following the steps below. 12. Set the Model G Series Valve: a. Open the flow test valve (Figure 49). b. Establish air pressure on the system (Figure 50). c. When air pressure has been established, open the priming valve. Prime water pressure will enter and expand the valves internal diaphragm assembly onto the valve seat, effectively closing the valve (Figure 51). Verify prime pressure has been established on the prime pressure gauge. d. Verify that no water flows from the drip check when the plunger is pushed (Figure 52). e. When the priming pressure has been verified as being established, slowly open the water supply control valve (Figure 53). f. When flow is developed from the flow test valve, CLOSE the flow test valve (Figure 54). g. Fully open the water supply main control valve. h. Secure all valves in their normal operating position. i. Notify Authorities Having Jurisdiction and those in the affected area that the system is in service. j. The system is now fully operational.
VI.
REMOVING THE SYSTEM FROM SERVICE

WARNING: The system should be placed out of service only for repairs. The work must be completed in a manner to minimize the time that the system must be out of service. All hazardous activities in the effected area shall be terminated until the system is placed back in service. Any system impairment shall be coordinated with the owner, local authority having jurisdiction, and other related parties. Place a roving fire patrol in the area covered by the system until the system is back in service. Prior to turning off any valves or activating any alarms, notify local security guards and/or central alarm station (if used) so that a false alarm will not be signalled and result in a local fire department response. 1. Close the water supply control valve. 2. Close the priming valve.
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3. Open all auxiliary drain valves and inspectors test valve. 4. Silence alarms (optional). To silence electric alarms controlled by pressure switch and to silence water motor alarm, close alarm shut-off valve. NOTE: ELECTRIC ALARMS CONTROLLED BY A PRESSURE SWITCH INSTALLED IN THE (15 mm) NPT CONNECTION FOR A NON-INTERRUPTIBLE ALARM PRESSURE SWITCH CANNOT BE SHUT OFF UNTIL THE DELUGE VALVE IS RESET OR TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE. NOTE: SPRINKLER SYSTEMS THAT HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO A FIRE MUST BE RETURNED TO SERVICE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. THE ENTIRE SYSTEM MUST BE INSPECTED FOR DAMAGE, AND REPAIRED OR REPLACED AS NECESSARY. 5. Replace any thermostatic releases that have been damaged. Replace any fixed temperature releases or pilot heads that have operated. To drain the hydraulic release piping (optional), pull the handle inside the emergency release. 6. Replace any sprinklers and/or spray nozzles that have been damaged or exposed to fire conditions. 7. Perform all maintenance procedures recommended in technical data describing individual components of the system that has operated. 8. Return the system to service as soon as possible. Refer to PLACING THE SYSTEM IN SERVICE.
VII.
TROUBLESHOOTING VIKING PREACTION SYSTEMS

A. System Trouble
Single Interlock Systems with Pneumatic Release: In the event of an air supply failure and slow leakage of air from the pneumatic release system, alarms connected to air supervisory switch will signal a low air pressure condition. Failure to restore air supply to the pneumatic release system will result in operation of the pneumatic actuator and the deluge valve will open. Similarly, if the release system operates due to mechanical damage or malfunction, the deluge valve will open. Water will flow from any open sprinklers and/or spray nozzles on the system. Water motor alarm and alarms connected to alarm pressure switch will activate. Single Interlock Systems with Electric Release: If a sprinkler opens prior to operation of the detection system, or any time supervisory pressure in the sprinkler piping is lost, the air supervisory switch will signal a low air pressure condition, but the deluge valve will NOT open. If the detection system operates due to mechanical damage or malfunction, the deluge valve will open but the water will be contained in the sprinkler piping. Water motor alarm and alarms connected to alarm pressure switch will activate. Double Interlock Systems with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release: If a sprinkler opens prior to operation of a releasing device, or any time supervisory pressure in the sprinkler piping is lost, alarms connected to the air supervisory switch will signal a low air pressure condition, but the deluge valve will NOT open. If the pneumatic release system (alone) operates due to damage or malfunction, alarms connected to the air supervisory switch will activate, but the deluge valve will NOT open. Double Interlock Systems with Electric/Pneumatic Release: If a sprinkler opens prior to operation of the detection system, or any time supervisory pressure in the sprinkler piping is lost, alarms connected to air supervisory switch will signal a low air pressure condition but the deluge valve will NOT open. If the electric detection system (alone) operates due to damage or malfunction, alarms connected to system control panel will activate but the deluge valve will NOT open. Double Interlock Systems with Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release: If a sprinkler opens prior to operation of the detection system, or any time supervisory pressure in the sprinkler piping is lost, alarms connected to air supervisory switch will signal a low-air pressure condition but the deluge valve will NOT open. If the electric detection system (alone) operates due to damage or malfunction, alarms connected to system control panel will activate, but the deluge valve will NOT open.
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TECHNICAL DATA
B. During Normal Power Supply Conditions, Faults or Complete Loss of Power

During normal power conditions if the system piping and/or the sprinklers are damaged, the low pressure supervisory switch will activate a supervisory alarm at the VFR400 Release Control Panel and the normally open solenoid valve will be powered closed to prevent the deluge valve from opening. In the event of a fire during a fault on the input circuit wiring, loss of primary AC power or complete loss of all power, the deluge valve will open allowing water flow if the following conditions occur: 1. The initiating devices activate causing the VFR400 Release Control Panel to enter an alarm and release condition. The normally closed solenoid will open allowing water pressure to be relieved from the priming chamber of the deluge valve. With pressure relieved from the prim-ing chamber, the deluge valve will open and allow water flow. Water will not be discharge into the protected area until a sprinkler head operates. 2. During a fault condition on the input wiring which caused a trouble alarm on the VFR400 release control panel or a complete loss of normal AC power and standby battery backup power the normally open solenoid is prevented from operating. During this condition activation of a sprinkler head will allow a pneumatic release of the deluge valve. Water pressure will be relieved from the priming chamber, the deluge valve will open and allow water to flow.
C. Loss of Power During Operation

If all power fails while the system is flowing water, the normally open release solenoid will open and the normally closed release solenoid will remain closed. The PORV is already pressurized open to prevent pressure in the chamber from building up. Water from main supply will continue entering the system, and through any open sprinkler(s).
D. Troubleshooting System Components

1. PORV The Viking Model C-1 PORV is a field serviceable part that is made up of various components. This device is essentially a hydraulic latch which holds the valve open, even when using resettable detection devices. Problem: The PORV wont reset after the valve water supply is shut off and the system is drained. Remedy: 1. There is water pressure still being applied to the sensing end of the PORV. Break the union in the sensing line to see where the water is coming from, and correct the problem. There should be no water pressure in the sensing line once the system is shut down and drained. 2. There are metal shavings, mud or silt caught under the clapper of the PORV. Remove the drain line from the discharge end of the PORV, then slightly open the priming line valve. With the eraser end of a pencil, push on the clapper and let some water flow out the discharge end of the PORV. This may wash the metal shavings, mud, etc, away from the underside of the clapper. If it does not clear the obstructions, then the PORV must be removed, disassembled, cleaned, reassembled and installed. 3. There is mud or silt, etc, inside the PORV at the sensing end, keeping pressure on the diaphragm and schrader core valve. This is very common where river water or non-potable water is being used. The PORV must be disassembled, cleaned, then reassembled. 4. The valve stem of the schrader core valve is bent, or the diaphragm at the sensing end is distorted. With the priming valve closed and the system still shut down, remove the six screws at the sensing end of the PORV, inspect the diaphragm for distortion, and check the schrader core valve to inspect the stem. If the diaphragm is distorted or the schrader core valve stem is bent, replace with new.
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TECHNICAL DATA
5. The hole through the diaphragm at the discharge end of the PORV is plugged. The PORV must be disassembled and the diaphragm checked for obstructions in the diaphragm hole, by bending the diaphragm back and fourth at the location of the hole. This will break loose any obstructions. Problem: The PORV doesnt operate when the valve trips, and it doesnt vent the priming chamber. (No water flows out of the drain after the valve trips.) Remedy: 1. The diaphragm at the discharge end of the PORV is split, and is allowing water to enter the chamber behind the clapper faster than it can be vented through the schrader core valve. The PORV must be disassembled and the diaphragm checked for tears, etc. 2. The drain from the schrader valve is plugged, and is not venting the water from the chamber behind the clapper. Check the drain line to see if it is properly piped, and not obstructed. These outlets are occasionally plugged. Remove the plug and use steel piping to run the drain to the drip cup. 3. The hole through the diaphragm at the discharge end of the PORV is plugged. The PORV must be disassembled and the diaphragm checked for obstructions in the diaphragm hole, by bending the diaphragm back and fourth at the location of the hole. This will break loose any obstructions. 4. Some drain piping installations from the connection of the PORV were run in copper tubing instead of steel pipe. Check the tubing for dings or bends because the tubing may be pinched. If the drain from the schrader valve is plugged or pinched off, the PORV will not function properly. 2. Pneumatic Actuator The Viking Model H-1 and corrosion resistant Model R-1 Pneumatic Actuators are both spring loaded to open, rolling diaphragm, piston operated valves. They are used wherever a separation is required between the detection and operating systems. There is a factory drilled weep hole drilled into the spacer. The weep hole is there to identify either an air leak or water leak in the device. NOTE: THERE ARE SEVERAL VIKING DEVICES THAT LOOK SIMILAR TO THE VIKING MODEL H-1 PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR, SUCH AS THE PSOV AND THE ANTI-FLOOD DEVICE. DO NOT REPLACE ONE DEVICE WITH A SIMILAR LOOKING DEVICE. ALWAYS REPLACE THE DEVICE WITH AN EXACT REPLACEMENT PART. Problem: There is air coming out of the weep hole in the pneumatic actuator. Remedy: The upper diaphragm is torn, scuffed, or cut, and is leaking air out through the diaphragm. With the system shut down, remove the air piping from the top of the pneumatic actuator. Unscrew the 3 #10 x 24 x 1 HHS from the cover, and remover the cover and the upper diaphragm. Inspect the device inside, and make sure there are no burrs, etc., that could cut the diaphragm. Replace the diaphragm, and reassemble the device. Place the device back into the valve trim, and re-pressurize the system with air. Check for leaks, then return the system to service as described in the current applicable technical data pages.
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Viking - Preaction System Manual

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What are the different types of preaction sprinkler systems described in the manual?

What are the different types of preaction sprinkler systems described in the manual?

What components are required for a basic preaction sprinkler system?

What components are required for a basic preaction sprinkler system?

Preaction System Technical Manual for Installation, Operation and Maintenance

February 19, 2010

Form No. F_010808

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

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PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

A. Single-Interlocked Preaction System (Figures 8a-10c)

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 8a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 9a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Hydraulic Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 10a: Single Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

B. Double-Interlocked Preaction System (Figures 11a-13c)

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 11a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneumatic Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 12a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 13a: Double Interlock Preaction System with Electric/Pneu-Lectric Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

C. Non-Interlock Preaction System (Figures 14a-15c)

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 14a: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Electric Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 15a: Non-Interlock Preaction System with Pneumatic Release

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 16: Viking Trimpac

Figure 17: Trimpac Air Line Trim

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 18a: Trimpac Surefire Single Interlock Preaction System

PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Figure 18b: Trimpac Surefire Double Interlock Preaction System