YÖKDİL Çıkmış Sorular

T.C.
Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi
YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI
YABANCI DİL SINAVI (YÖKDİL)
(Sonbahar Dönemi)
İNGİLİZCE
SOSYAL BİLİMLER
3 KASIM 2019
Bu testlerin her hakkı saklıdır. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, testlerin tamamının veya bir kısmının Merkezimizin yazılı izni olmadan kopya edilmesi,
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testlerin hazırlanmasındaki mali külfeti peşinen kabullenmiş sayılır.
2019-YÖKDİL
İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER
Sonbahar/İNGİLİZCE/SOS BİL
Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. Although there is some disagreement regarding ----
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
how to define transfer of learning, it is clear that it
involves seemingly simple similarity relations.
A) peculiarly B) importantly
1. In the US, the recent trend toward accountability in
education has increased the legal ---- for becoming
C) precisely D) intentionally
and remaining certified as a teacher.
A) requirements B) incidents E) fiercely
C) facilities D) attitudes
E) implications
5. Ancient explorers named the Canary Islands Canaria

from the Latin word canis because of the large dogs
---- the islands.
A) resisting B) treating
2. Being an island, Britain has always had a fresh ----
of fish and seafood, both from the sea and
C) inhabiting D) replacing
freshwater rivers.
A) prospect B) supply E) inheriting
C) opportunity D) reception
E) appeal
6. All species of plants and animals tend to produce

more offspring than the environment can support,
and this ---- intense competition for living space,
resources, and mates.
3. Tour operators occupy a ---- role in tourism industry,
A) results in B) sets out
given their role as agents that design, organise,
package, market and operate vacation and other
C) works out D) puts off
tours.
A) significant B) dependent E) takes on
C) vague D) current
E) descriptive
1 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

2019-YÖKDİL Sonbahar/İNGİLİZCE/SOS BİL
7. The Amish ---- from a relatively small founding 10. The tension in Britain ---- modernism and the
population, and each major settlement ---- largely bourgeois theatre that had surfaced before the First
genetically isolated from both other Amish World War was not resolved ---- after the Second.
settlements and the surrounding U.S. populations A) between / until B) among / by
for over 200 years.
A) originate / will remain C) from / over D) towards / with
B) originated / has remained E) through / for
C) had originated / remained
D) were originating / remains
E) have originated / had remained
11. Venice’s vibrant commerce, ---- its peak during the

early to middle years of the Renaissance, brought
traders from ---- the known world to the port city.
A) about / on B) through / along
C) at / around D) in / beyond
8. A popular social networking site says if everything
---- as planned, they ---- a new privacy-protected E) with / off
messaging service by the end of 2020.
A) has gone / start B) is going / will be starting
C) had gone / will start D) went / are to start
E) goes / will have started
12. Anthropologists may have difficulty in separating

out the field from astronomy, geology or botany, ----
it is not so obvious how anthropology may be
distinguished from the many other branches of
science.
A) although B) until
9. The biological basis ---- variations in human
intelligence is not well understood, but research in C) because D) just as
neuroscience, psychology, and other fields has
begun to yield insights ---- what may underpin such E) in case
differences.
A) through / to B) in / about C) of / by
D) for / into E) at / from

13. Philosophy occurs in all cultures and daily life, ---- 16. In some groups the bonds among members
only in Western philosophy is there a distinct way of are strong and enduring due to harmony achieved
thinking that consists of hypotheses and through close relationships, ---- in other groups
generalisations about the natural and human members are loosely linked and lack a sense of
worlds. ‘groupness’.
A) since B) so that C) provided that A) as if B) whereas C) since
D) but E) otherwise D) just as E) provided that
14. When a young child says 'mouses' instead of 'mice,' 17. The ancient Egyptians’ fascination with science and
this is good evidence that the child is learning the new technology resulted in inventions ---- the
regular forms of the language and knows how to calendar and door lock, which are still used today.
make plurals ---- he or she has not yet learned the A) in contrast with B) in spite of
irregular forms.
A) once B) whether C) even if C) such as D) regardless of
D) just as E) as if E) in terms of
15. Egyptians built irrigation canals to carry water and 18. Tokyo is one of the wealthiest, safest, cleanest, and
created a calendar that predicted the annual most creative cities in the world ---- being partly
flooding of the Nile ---- they could maximise food destroyed and rebuilt twice in the past hundred
production. years.
A) in case B) so that C) even if A) despite B) due to
D) while E) as though C) rather than D) together with
E) unlike

19. Although the composer Johann Strauss Jr.

immortalised the Danube River in his famous waltz
entitled On the Beautiful Blue Danube, the Danube
River is not blue – its waters appear ---- greenish ----
brown.
A) no sooner / than B) the more / the more
C) as / as D) either / or
E) so / that
20. In Costa Rica, responsibility for national parks is

given to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy
and Mines, ---- main goal is mineral exploitation, not
conservation of resources.
A) how B) whose
C) who D) which
E) that

21. - 25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. 23.
A) in the hope of B) on behalf of

Mali’s largest ethnic group, the Bambara live primarily in
the western part of the country. They have settled (21)----
C) for the sake of D) despite
the Niger River. They speak Bamana, a language used
throughout Mali, (22)---- in the areas of business and
trade. The Bambara are farmers who produce large E) such as
quantities of sorghum and groundnuts, and their main
crop is millet. Environmental hardship (23)---- drought
often makes farming difficult so people may keep
livestock to supplement their diet. Often they trust their
neighbours, the Fulani herdsmen to look after their
domestic animals. This arrangement allows the
Bambara (24)---- on farming during the short rainy
season from June to September. Men help women with
the farming duties (25)---- women can leave the fields 24.
earlier to prepare meals for their families.
A) focusing B) to have focused
C) focused D) to focus
E) having focused
21.
A) along B) about C) in
D) with E) from
25.
A) in case B) whether C) so that
D) although E) once
22.
A) decently B) urgently C) particularly
D) preventively E) prematurely

26. - 30. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) to have descended B) to descend

South Africa is a large country with its fertile agricultural
land. It is rich (26)---- natural resources - gold, diamonds,
C) having descended D) to be descending
metallic ores and coal. Industrially, it has for a long time
been the most developed country in the sub-Saharan
Africa. Its ethnically varied population, including social E) descend
groups such as Africans, Europeans, Asians (27)----
people of mixed Asian-African descent, grew rapidly in
the second half of the 20th century from 13 to 43 million.
In the late 19th century, South Africa was a British
colony. The white Afrikaners, (28)---- from Dutch
colonisers, broke away and declared their
independence. (29)---- they finally defeated them in two
wars, the British allowed South Africa to run its own
affairs as a self-governing Dominion in 1910. Numerous 29.
segregation laws were passed, which reduced 'Natives'
(Africans) to a poor underclass of labourers and
servants. These laws, which discriminated against the A) Unless B) If C) Whether
Africans, (30)---- them to live in reserves, prevented them
from owning land outside the reserves and controlled D) After E) In case
their movement inside the country.
26. 30.
A) of B) in C) by A) fixed B) forced C) inspired
D) for E) at D) promised E) improved
27.
A) owing to B) in terms of C) as well as
D) unlike E) in spite of

31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

33. ----, whereas anxiety is created from an image of
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
danger that is not present in that actual moment.
A) Fear often triggers our defence mechanism in various
ways
31. ----, with advances made by cosmology in evaluating
evidence from carefully observed phenomena. B) Fear is explained by a general activation of our
A) The human understanding of the universe has sympathetic nervous system
dramatically changed over time
C) Fear is a powerful yet delicate emotion that can cause
B) Cosmology touches at several points also of concern physical paralysis
to religion, ethics and philosophy
D) Fear is defined as an emotional state triggered by
C) The word ‘cosmology’ is itself of fairly recent origin, genuine danger that is in front of you
first used by philosopher Christian Wolff
E) Fear is considered to be one of the most primitive
D) Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, its emotions of humankind
structure, composition, history, and future
E) Much of cosmological theory has no immediate

relevance to understanding the environment of living
organisms on earth
34. Because social historians believe in the importance

of groupings of people, ----.
A) their passions often centre on the activities and beliefs
of certain leaders
32. ----, though there is no reliable figure to determine
B) some other branches of history also focus on
the size of the population.
individuals as causes of change
A) The origins of slavery were not precisely understood
until the end of the eighth century C) they present their findings in terms of single events
rather than social groups
B) In Classical times, the possession of at least one slave
was regarded as a basic human right D) they spend relatively little time on individual biography
C) Slaves in Athens are thought to have outnumbered E) they work to use familiar sources in new ways as
those in any other Greek community much as possible
D) Slavery was an integral part of the ancient Greek life
for centuries
E) In Greek history, slaves who had faithfully served their

masters earned their freedom

35. Although Gae Aulenti is considered Italy’s most 37. In hunter-gatherer societies, many social
famous female architect, ----. arrangements, such as cross-group marriage, do
A) she experiments with relations among materials, not eliminate serious conflicts, ----.
distances and measurements A) therefore they are respected by all societies
B) her well-deserved reputation is due to her outstanding B) but they channel them into the ways that prevent
architectural designs for theatre and museums killing
C) she has had little influence on practice and theory in C) while they may lead to more complex situations
the architecture schools
D) yet they may eventually cause the breakdown of both
D) her museum designs always take into account viewing
societies
objects from different perspectives
E) since many people do not participate in such
E) her best-known project is the design of the famous
arrangements
museum Musée d’Orsay
38. ----, some anthropologists believe that it does not

36. Even though the effects of climate change on some
differ fundamentally from the simple systems of
rivers will be limited, ----.
communication employed by other animals.
A) water pollution harms a river’s ecology by killing off
A) Though a human being is a highly intelligent creature
organisms
B) today’s methods for controlling rivers are remarkably B) Although human language is regarded to be highly
different from those employed in the past sophisticated
C) unique climatic and geographic conditions determine a C) While 'human' is placed within a classification of
river’s annual discharge regime animals
D) rivers contain only a minuscule portion of the total D) As chimpanzees are closest to humans in
water on earth problem-solving
E) they will pose serious threats to most of the rivers in E) Because culture sets humanity radically apart from
the world animals

39. ----, new shipping routes are becoming navigable. 41. Hot yoga, which typically involves going through 26
tough poses in a warm and humid room, may just be
A) Though sailors have to learn to operate vehicles in
a waste of effort, ----.
Arctic conditions
A) leading improvements in the blood vessels of the
B) Even if the Arctic is attracting new interest from participants
governments
B) making people sweat intensely, which is seen as a
C) As the Arctic Circle warms and large masses of ice good sign of health
melt
C) offering little benefit compared to yoga at a normal
D) Although Britain has deployed its military forces in the temperature
Arctic
D) reducing the percentage of yoga groups’ body fat of 2
E) If the Arctic becomes vulnerable to new environmental percent
threats
E) creating a slight but still meaningful impact on muscle
strengthening
40. ----, the most important questions that psychologists

address have remained constant.
A) Even though psychology has changed dramatically
over its history
B) Given that there has been an increasing influx of

researchers into the field of psychology
C) Since the study of psychology spans many different

topics at many different levels of explanation
D) As the earliest psychologists known are the Greek

philosophers Plato and Aristotle
E) While the psychological disorder known as depression

affects millions of people worldwide

42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

43. Ancient Greek philosopher Parmenides is said to
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
have drawn up an excellent set of laws for his city,
but we know nothing of his political philosophy.
A) Kendisinin siyasi felsefesi ile ilgili hiçbir bilgi
42. Before the 16th century there was a gradual
bulunmamakla birlikte antik Yunan filozofu
increase in the world's population and economy
Parmenides’in kendi şehri için mükemmel bir kanunlar
although epidemics and famine caused temporary bütünü hazırlamış olduğu rivayet edilmektedir.
halts.
A) Salgın hastalıklar ve kıtlık geçici sektelere neden olsa B) Antik Yunan filozofu Parmenides’in kendi şehri için
da 16. yüzyıldan önce dünya nüfusu ve ekonomisi mükemmel bir kanunlar bütünü hazırlamış olduğu
kademeli biçimde artıyordu. söylenmektedir, ancak biz onun siyasi felsefesi ile ilgili
hiçbir şey bilmiyoruz.
B) 16. yüzyıl öncesinde dünya nüfusu ve ekonomisinde
yaşanan kademeli artışa rağmen salgın hastalıklar ve C) Antik Yunan filozofu Parmenides’in siyasi felsefesi
kıtlık geçici sektelere neden oldu. hakkında hiçbir şey bilmiyoruz, ancak kendi şehri için
mükemmel bir kanunlar bütünü hazırlamış olduğunu
C) 16. yüzyıl öncesindeki salgın hastalıklar ve kıtlık, söyleyebiliriz.
dünya nüfusu ve ekonomisindeki kademeli artışın
geçici olarak sekteye uğramasına neden oldu. D) Antik Yunan filozofu Parmenides’in kendi şehri için
mükemmel bir kanunlar bütünü hazırladığı
D) Salgın hastalıklar ve kıtlık geçici sektelere neden olsa söylenmesine rağmen biz onun siyasi felsefesi ile ilgili
da 16. yüzyıl öncesinde dünya nüfusu ve bilgi sahibi değiliz.
ekonomisinde kademeli bir artış vardı.
E) Siyasi felsefesi ile ilgili hiçbir şey bilmememize
E) 16. yüzyıl öncesinde dünya nüfusu ve ekonomisindeki rağmen, antik Yunan filozofu Parmenides’in kendi
kademeli artışın sekteye uğramasının nedeni, salgın şehri için mükemmel bir kanunlar bütünü hazırladığı
hastalıklar ve kıtlıktı. söylenmektedir.

44. French chemist Antoine Lavoisier sought to 45. Being untouched and untamed, the Norwegian
modernise chemistry by giving it new theoretical Lofoten Islands, far above the Arctic Circle, are
foundations, and though some of his ideas were everything an adventurer could wish for and more.
misunderstood, on the whole he was enormously A) El değmemiş ve değiştirilmemiş hâliyle, Kuzey Kutup
successful. Dairesi’nin oldukça yukarısında olan Norveç Lofoten
A) Bazı fikirlerinin yanlış anlaşılmasına rağmen, Fransız Adaları, bir maceraperestin isteyebileceği her şey ve
kimyager Antoine Lavoisier kimyayı yeni teorik daha fazlasıdır.
temellere dayandırarak çağdaşlaştırmada genelde çok
başarılıydı. B) Kuzey Kutup Dairesi’nin oldukça yukarısında
olan Norveç Lofoten Adaları'nda bir maceraperestin el
B) Fransız kimyager Antoine Lavoisier kimyayı yeni teorik değmemiş ve değiştirilmemiş olarak isteyebileceği her
temellere dayandırıp çağdaşlaştırmaya çalıştı ve şey fazlasıyla mevcuttur.
genelde çok başarılı oldu ancak bazı fikirleri yanlış
anlaşıldı. C) Kuzey Kutup Dairesi’nin ötesini arzulayan bir
maceraperestin isteyebileceği her şey ve fazlası, el
C) Fransız kimyager Antoine Lavoisier kimyayı yeni teorik değmemiş ve değiştirilmemiş olarak Norveç Lofoten
temellere dayandırarak çağdaşlaştırmaya çalıştı ve Adaları'nda bulunur.
bazı fikirlerinin yanlış anlaşılmasına rağmen genelde
çok başarılı oldu. D) Bir maceraperestin Norveç Lofoten Adaları'nda el
değmemiş ve değiştirilmemiş hâliyle bulunmasını
D) Kimyayı yeni teorik temellere dayandırarak isteyebileceği her şey ve daha fazlası Kuzey Kutup
çağdaşlaştırmanın yollarını arayan Fransız Dairesi’nin oldukça ilerisindedir.
kimyager Antoine Lavoisier genelde çok başarılı oldu
ancak bazı fikirleri yanlış anlaşıldı. E) El değmemiş ve değiştirilmemiş şeyler peşinde olan
bir maceraperest, Kuzey Kutup Dairesi’nin oldukça
E) Kimyayı yeni teorik temellere dayandırarak yukarısında bulunan Norveç Lofoten Adaları'nda
çağdaşlaştırması bazıları tarafından yanlış anlaşılsa istediğini fazlasıyla bulur.
da Fransız kimyager Antoine Lavoisier’in fikirleri
genelde çok başarılı oldu.
46. Most of the archaeological work done today is part

of anthropology, which studies humans in all their
biological and cultural aspects.
A) Günümüzde yürütülen arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu,
antropolojinin bir parçası olarak insanları tüm biyolojik
ve kültürel yönleriyle inceler.
B) Günümüzde yapılan arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu,
antropolojinin bir parçasıdır ve insanları tüm biyolojik
ve kültürel yönleriyle inceler.
C) Günümüzde yürütülen arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu,

insanları tüm biyolojik ve kültürel yönleriyle inceleyen
antropolojinin bir parçasıdır.
D) Günümüzdeki arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu, insanları

tüm biyolojik ve kültürel yönleriyle araştıran
antropolojinin bir parçası olarak yürütülür.
E) Günümüzdeki arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu,
antropolojinin bir parçası olduğu için insanları tüm
biyolojik ve kültürel yönleriyle inceler.

48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye

47. For years, self-publishing has given talented
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
authors the means to share their works with
audiences that would otherwise never read them.
A) Kendi yayıncılığını yapmak, yıllarca yetenekli
48. Modern diş fırçasını Çinliler icat etmiştir ancak
yazarlara çalışmalarını başka türlü asla okumayacak
Avrupa’ya hiç ulaşmadığından, yeniden icadı William
olan kitlelerle paylaşma aracı sağlamıştır.
Addis’e ithaf edilmektedir.
B) Yetenekli yazarlar yıllarca bireysel yayıncılığı araç A) The reason why the reinvention of the modern
olarak kullanarak, çalışmalarını başka türlü asla toothbrush is credited to William Addis is that it never
okumayacak olan okuyuculara ulaştırmışlardır. reached Europe despite being invented by the
Chinese.
C) Kendi yayıncılığını yapmak, yetenekli yazarların
yıllarca çalışmalarını başka türlü asla okumayacak B) The Chinese invented the modern toothbrush but as it
kitlelerle paylaşmak için kullandıkları bir yöntem never reached Europe, its reinvention is credited to
olmuştur. William Addis.
D) Bireysel yayıncılık yaparak kitlelere ulaşan yetenekli C) Had the modern toothbrush invented by the Chinese
yazarlar bu yöntemi yıllarca kullanarak eserlerini reached Europe, its reinvention would not be credited
başka türlü okumayacak olan okuyuculara to William Addis.
ulaştırmışlardır.
D) The reinvention of the modern toothbrush, which had
E) Kendi yayıncılığını yapmak, yıllarca yetenekli been invented by the Chinese but never reached
yazarların normalde çalışmalarını asla okumayacak Europe, is credited to William Addis.
kitlelere ulaşmasının aracı olmuştur.
E) Although the Chinese invented the modern toothbrush,
it never reached Europe, which makes William Addis
be credited with its reinvention.

49. Bir çalışmaya göre, deneyim ve zekânın satranç 51. Dünyanın her yerinden milyonlarca insan ülkenin
becerileri ile bağlantılı olmasına karşın, en yüksek güzel manzarasını ve büyüleyici mirasını görmeye
korelasyonu çocukların bir günde oyunu oynayarak geldiğinden, turizmin İngiltere’nin en büyük
geçirdikleri saat sayısı vermiştir. endüstrilerinden biri olduğu söylenir.
A) According to a study, although experience and A) Britain is said to be visited by millions of people from
intelligence were related to chess skills, the highest around the world who want to see its beautiful scenery
correlation was with the number of hours a day and amazing heritage, thus tourism is the biggest
children spent playing the game. industry in the country.
B) According to a study, despite the number of hours a B) Tourism is said to be the biggest industry in Britain
day children spent playing the game, the highest because millions of people from around the globe go
correlation with chess skills was produced by to the country to see not only its beautiful scenery but
experience and intelligence. also its amazing heritage.
C) A study found that chess skills were somewhat related C) It is said that one of Britain’s biggest industries is
to experience and intelligence, but a stronger tourism since millions of people from around the world
correlation was with the number of hours a day visit the country in the hope of seeing its beautiful
children spent playing the game. scenery and amazing heritage.
D) A study found that even though the number of hours a D) Tourism is said to be one of Britain’s biggest
day children spent playing the game had the highest industries, as millions of people from around the globe
correlation with chess skills, experience and arrive to see the country’s beautiful scenery and
intelligence were also important. amazing heritage.
E) It was found by a study that no matter how high a E) Millions of people from around the world are said to
child's experience or intelligence were, the highest visit Britain for its beautiful scenery and amazing
correlation with chess skills was with the number of heritage, which makes tourism one of the biggest
hours a day children spent playing the game. industries in the country.
50. Ultraviyole koruma sağlayan kıyafetler giymek,

ihtiyaç duyduğunuz güneş kremi miktarını %90’a
kadar azaltabilir.
A) Wearing clothes providing ultraviolet protection can
reduce the amount of sunscreen you need by up to 90
percent.
B) The amount of sunscreen you need can be reduced by
up to 90 percent by wearing clothes providing
ultraviolet protection.
C) When you wear clothes that provide ultraviolet

protection, you can reduce the amount of sunscreen
you need by up to 90 percent.
D) You can use 90 percent less sunscreen if you wear

clothes providing ultraviolet protection.
E) By wearing clothes that provide ultraviolet protection,

you can reduce the amount of sunscreen you need by
up to 90 percent.

54. - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü

52. Kırmızı, genellikle öfke ve saldırganlık ile sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek
ilişkilendirilen bir renk olsa da araştırmalar cümleyi bulunuz.
motivasyonunuzu artırmak için onu
kullanabileceğinizi göstermektedir.
54. During the period from 1500 to 1800 European cities
A) Red, which is a colour often associated with anger and
not only grew markedly in size but came to exercise
aggression, can be used to boost your motivation as
an unprecedented influence over society in general.
studies show.
As a result, some historians have considered this
B) Red is a colour that is often associated with anger and era the true beginning of historical urbanisation.
aggression, although studies show that you can use it ---- The number of European cities with more than
to boost your motivation. 10,000 people increased from 154 in 1500 to 364 by
1800.
C) Although red is a colour that is often associated with
anger and aggression, studies show that you can use A) By 1800, London was rapidly approaching the size of
it to boost your motivation. Imperial Rome.
D) Despite being often associated with anger and B) A few key factors combined to produce this new phase
aggression, red is a colour that you can use to of urbanisation.
boost your motivation as studies show.
C) Urban influences affected many rural areas both
E) Even though red is a colour that is often associated culturally and economically.
with anger and aggression, studies show that using
it can boost your motivation. D) The rise of a merchant capitalist economy provided
new levels of urban capital.
E) Clearly a notable growth of the urban population took

place at the time.
53. Tolstoy’a göre mutluluğu sosyal statü aracılığıyla

aramak, kişiyi sürekli kaygıya ve statü kaybı
endişelerine açık hâle getirir.
A) Seeking happiness through social status, according to
55. Hermann von Helmholtz is a name that is not uttered
Tolstoy, obviously leads one to experience relentless
anxiety as well as concerns about losing status. frequently enough anymore. ---- He invented and
popularised the ophthalmoscope, participated in
B) For Tolstoy, if one seeks happiness through social describing non-Euclidean geometry, and published
status, it is clear he or she will end up feeling constant across many disciplines, including physiology,
anxiety and concerns about losing status. psychology, physics, and philosophy.
C) According to Tolstoy, to pursue happiness through A) For one thing, he began his academic career in an
social status opens one to constant anxiety and army medical school.
concerns about losing status.
B) So, he decided at an early age to study Kant’s theories
D) Tolstoy believed that those who seek happiness and he continued his career with this interest.
through social status experience persistent anxiety
due to concerns about losing status. C) Over a hundred years after his death, researchers
have tested some of his most brilliant insights.
E) When happiness is sought through social status, one
becomes open to constant anxiety and concerns D) However, this remarkable scientist, and philosopher,
about losing status, says Tolstoy. contributed to modern science with numerous
concepts and inventions.
E) Perhaps Helmholtz’s most notable achievement was

his characterisation of the human brain as a
‘prediction machine’.

56. Ludwig van Beethoven is one of the most important 58. Advances in communication and information
figures in Western music. ---- For example, he had technologies are changing the ways we interact with
hearing problems from a very early age. While still a each other. For some, these changes have opened
boy, he supported his family as a traveling up new venues and opportunities. ---- For others,
performer. At the age of 17 he impressed Mozart in these same changes have been associated with
Vienna, Austria, and moved there to study with loss: the loss of traditions, or jobs, or significant
Haydn. He amazed many people in high social relationships. But whatever form these changes
circles with his piano playing. The musical visions take, few realise the magnitude, intensity, and long
expressed in his many works were often far ahead term implications of these transformations.
of their time. A) While societies live under a multitude of conditions,
A) He composed some of the most astonishing music they are not immune to these changes.
ever written, but had a troubled life.
B) Distant places are increasingly accessible, and work
B) There is evidence that Beethoven lived in more than and learning can occur from any location that has an
60 different places during his 35 years in Vienna. Internet connection.
C) During his early years, Beethoven was always C) In some areas we are witnessing extremely rapid
exploring new directions to transform music. societal transformation, and in other places only
certain groups are affected.
D) Among his most famous early works are two piano
D) Yet, there has been little attention focused on the
sonatas: the Pathétique and Moonlight sonatas.
social side of globalisation.
E) His work marked the crossover between the Classical
E) Thus, we have been gradually losing our critical
and Romantic periods in the history of music.
thinking skills.
57. Becoming popular in the 16th century with both

59. History has come to mean many things. It is an
commoners and nobles, the violin has remained a
account of past events, in sequence of time; it is the
democratic instrument, universal and versatile. The
study of events, their causes and outcomes; and it
development of the modern violin was gradual and
is all that is preserved or remembered about the
complex. ---- The influence of the two stringed
past. For evidence, historians use written accounts
rabab, which is an Arabian violin introduced to
and artefacts such as weapons and tools. ----
western Europe in the 11th century, and the
Otherwise, events, even important ones, might
three-stringed rebec, which appeared in Spain
disappear from memory.
between the 11th and 13th centuries, is also
reflected in the modern violin. A) Oral history is a good source of local history.
A) Maple and spruce trees have been the most favoured
B) Religious records give details of marriages and
types of wood to make violins.
funerals.
B) The city of Brescia was the earliest to excel in violin C) Historians look for rational explanations for the events.
craft.
C) It became more influential after being incorporated into D) This is because people record things in some way to
orchestras. remember them.
D) It evolved from a variety of other stringed instruments. E) History is written by those who play a major part in it.
E) Stringed instruments have a long history in folk music.

60. - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla

okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan 62. (I) Many Chinese children do not have brothers or
cümleyi bulunuz. sisters. (II) This is owing to government policies trying to
reduce the population growth. (III) To control the rising
population, the government offers special benefits to
60. (I) Although people often use the terms frontier, couples with only one child. (IV) Many people in China
boundary, and border interchangeably, historians have have been moving from the country to cities, where
emphasised important distinctions between frontiers and there are relatively well-paid jobs to help them afford
boundaries. (II) Frontiers are above all zones of their children’s education. (V) Although this has slowed
interaction. (III) While the term frontier can be traced down the rate of growth, China’s population still grows
back to medieval Spain, historians in the United States by millions each year.
have debated its role in US history for centuries. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
(IV) They can arise as a result of cross-cultural
encounters, population movements, and the absence of
state authority or an effective monopoly of violence.
(V) In contrast, borders are established by states to
separate their subjects and territories from other political
jurisdictions.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
63. (I) Alchemy was a form of chemistry studied in the

Middle Ages. (II) Traditionally, the central aim of
practising alchemists was to discover how to turn base
metals into gold. (III) Second to this was a search for the
elixir of life, which would cure all sickness and enable
immortality. (IV) The science of modern chemistry had
its early experimental roots in alchemy. (V) Medieval
61. (I) There is controversy in current linguistics over the alchemists sought a philosopher’s stone, which they
formal differences between Old English and modern believed would make both tasks possible.
English. (II) The history of Old English poetry is rather A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
different from that of Old English prose, and also much
more difficult to fully perceive. (III) The major reason for
this is that the vast majority of Old English poetry is to
be found in only four manuscripts, all compiled in the
late 10th to early 11th century. (IV) These manuscripts
are: the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, the Beowulf
Manuscript and the Junius or Caedmon Manuscript.
(V) There is very little doubt that these manuscripts
were, by and large, compilations of poetry written at
different times during the Old English period.
64. (I) Delays, cancellations and overcrowding are enough
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V to put many people off from travelling by train, but the
price of a ticket can often be the real prohibitive factor.
(II) Sometimes, it might be the easiest or only way to
get from one place to another. (III) Fortunately, it is
possible to reduce how much you pay with some tricks.
(IV) Buying at the ticket office just before you travel is
usually the most expensive option. (V) Instead, you can
go to an agent or look online to book an advance ticket.

65. (I) In Roman agriculture, each field had to be plowed

between three and six times before it would be
completely ready. (II) Oxen, which were used to pull
plows, were quite expensive. (III) After plowing, the
farmer had to fertilize the fields, which demanded that
manure be mixed into the soil, often by hand.
(IV) Fertilization was followed by the actual sowing of the
seeds. (V) Once the seeds were sown, the soil had to be
worked over with hoes and weeded by hand.

66. - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 67. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
A) Copernicus wrote many books in his lifetime.
Copernicus, a Polish-born, Italian-educated churchman,
took a big step toward the scientific revolution in 1543 B) Copernicus lived a long and healthy life.
when he published his theories about how the Earth and
planets move in relation to the Sun. Copernicus said C) Galileo’s findings were similar to Copernicus’.
that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre around which
the universe revolved. Copernicus delayed releasing his D) Galileo and Copernicus wrote a book together.
findings, but at the urging of supporters, he published
his book The Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres E) Galileo also had trouble with the Catholic Church.
around 1543, the year of his death. His Sun-centred
universe, along with the notion that the Earth spins on
its axis, upset some other astronomers and churchmen.
To claim that God would place his creation on a
spinning ball that revolved around another heavenly
body struck many people as ridiculous, as it was against
the teachings of the Catholic Church. The controversy
only caught fire, however, after 1610, when physicist
and astronomer Galileo Galilei of Pisa published a book
68. Which of the following is true about Copernicus
about his own astronomical observations, which
supported those of Copernicus. The Catholic Church according to the passage?
banned Copernicus’ book, The Revolution of the A) Copernicus’ book was rewritten by Galileo centuries
Heavenly Spheres, in 1616 and did not lift the ban until later.
1835.
B) Galileo worked hard to immediately lift the ban on
Copernicus’ book.
C) It was forbidden to read Copernicus’ book for a very

long time.
D) Copernicus thought neither the Earth nor the Sun was

66. One can understand from the passage that the centre of the universe.
Copernicus’ book ----.
E) Galileo’s research was the main reason for the ban on
A) was published following his death
Copernicus’ book.
B) was published immediately after it was written
C) reached a great number of readers
D) upset astronomers in particular
E) was a breakthrough in the world of science


cevaplayınız. 70. The underlined word in the passage 'ransacked' is
closest in meaning to ----.
A) admired B) neglected
Srirangam Island, at the confluence of the Kaveri and
Kollidam Rivers in south-eastern India’s state of Tamil, C) utilised D) damaged
is home to a 2,000-year-old temple complex, major
parts of which are still in use today. However, much of E) altered
the complex is hidden or destroyed. Many older sections
are buried under sediment as a result of centuries of
flooding, and the complex was ransacked in the 14th
century by general Ulugh Khan. Recent excavations at
the site, guided by geologists with knowledge of flood
sediment layers, have begun to reveal what was
presumed to have been lost. Researchers including
geologist Mu Ramkunar of Periyar University have
uncovered parts of the temple destroyed by Ulugh Khan 71. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
and unearthed artefacts such as pendant lamps and
statues of the deity Gopalakrisnan with his consorts. A) the geophysical surveying techniques used were not
Using geophysical surveying techniques, they have also sophisticated enough to study the parts ruined by
identified what they believe to be the tomb of religious Ulugh Khan
scholar and teacher Sri Manavala Mamunigal, who
restored the temple complex in the 15th century. B) geologists specialising in sediment layers contributed
The tombs have been left unexcavated for religious a great deal to the rediscovery of the buried sections
reasons.
C) many artefacts unearthed from the tombs will never be
seen by the public as this is not permitted for religious
reasons
D) Sri Manavala Mamunigal restored the temple primarily
to make it his burial place
E) the researchers from Periyar University are wrong

69. The temple on Srirangam Island mentioned in the about their assumptions that the temple complex might
passage ----. have been restored previously
A) is still used today although most of its parts are buried
or damaged
B) was constructed in the 14th century by Ulugh Khan

after conquering the island
C) has been revealed to contain 2,000-year-old artefacts

belonging to Ulugh Khan
D) has many older sections still in good condition despite

centuries of flooding
E) will not be reopened for religious reasons when its

reconstruction is complete


cevaplayınız. 73. According to the passage, when the reign of Mary
Tudor ended, ----.
A) the people of London were happy and hopeful
Mary Tudor had never enjoyed good health, and it got
worse rapidly after she became queen. Desperate to B) her half-sister ruled the country unwillingly
conceive an heir, she suffered the humiliation of two
phantom pregnancies during which she displayed all the C) the Londoners understood that she actually had a
symptoms of an expectant mother although she was not miserable life
pregnant in reality. But her swollen stomach may have
been due to a cancerous tumour. Early in 1558, as Mary D) Elizabeth ordered the churches to toll their bells
persisted in believing that she would soon be delivered
of an heir, it was obvious to everyone else that she was E) Roman Catholicism was immediately abolished
dying. By 28 October, wracked with pain, she finally
acknowledged that there would be no ‘fruit of her body,’
and confirmed that the crown would pass to Elizabeth.
She begged her half-sister to uphold the Roman
Catholic faith, but the knowledge of how unlikely
Elizabeth was to honour this request tormented Mary
until her last breath. Upon hearing that Mary was dead
and that Elizabeth was now queen, there was great
rejoicing in London. All across the capital, church bells 74. What is the primary purpose of the author?
were rung and at night bonfires were lit, around which
thousands of people gathered to make merry. The brief, A) To criticise Mary Tudor and her brutal reign over
brutal reign of Mary Tudor was over: now the nation’s London
hopes rested upon her beautiful and charismatic
successor. B) To highlight the importance of being a charismatic
leader
C) To emphasise the need for quality medical care in

medieval times
D) To describe events leading up to Elizabeth’s becoming

queen
72. It can be understood from the passage that Mary
E) To acknowledge the accomplishments of Elizabeth
Tudor ----.
A) was in good health before she became queen
B) had two babies who both died soon after birth
C) lied to her nation about her physical condition
D) never believed she would have a legitimate heir
E) died in pain possibly due to a cancerous tumour


cevaplayınız. 76. The underlined word in the passage 'vigorous' is
A) skilful B) memorable
Whenever photographer Gabriele Galimberti meets
people on his travels, he asks the same question: "Can I C) energetic D) flexible
see what’s in your medicine cabinet?" Some are shy;
others proud to do so. He asks this question to reveal E) optimistic
who the people are. “The medicines they use tell us
about their desires, their wants, their diseases. It’s very
intimate,” says Galimberti. What can our medicines say
about us? For one, how affluent we are. Cabinets in
developed countries tend to overflow with
pharmaceuticals. People in less developed countries
collect medications more slowly. People take pills to be
physically stronger and thus more vigorous, to sleep
more (or sometimes less), to age more slowly, or for 77. According to the passage, which of the following is
other reasons. View the different cabinets’ contents, and true about how cultures use medicine?
cultures start to take shape. In Paris and New York,
Galimberti saw large numbers of antidepressants and A) Medicines are more frequently used to slow down
antianxiety pills. Indian people tended to choose aging in developed countries compared to less
medicines with Indian labels, independent of quality or developed ones.
potency. African cabinets had drugs from China, often B) Regardless of the nation they belong to, people tend
unlabelled. Yet all the people photographed had to stockpile medicines even if they do not really need
something in common: None of them were sick. them.
C) In some countries, due to poor living standards,

medicine cabinets do not show much about the
culture.
D) Indian people tend to choose antidepressants made in

their own country although they are not very effective.
75. Why does Galimberti ask people to show him their
medicine cabinets? E) African countries prefer medicines imported from
A) To examine diseases common across different nations China because they do not have labels.
B) To see whether people react positively or negatively to

such questions
C) To help them improve their economic conditions
D) To collect detailed personal information from a wide

range of nations
E) To compare developed and less developed countries

regarding quality of health care


cevaplayınız. 79. Sceptics of the results produced in 2017 ----.
A) wanted further genetic testing to be conducted on the
remains
A richly furnished grave excavated in 1878 near the
Viking town of Birka in eastern Sweden had long been B) reviewed the evidence again with staff from Uppsala
assumed to hold a powerful male warrior. The grave University
was equipped with a range of weapons, as well as a set
of gaming pieces and a gaming board, which were seen C) doubted the rank of the warrior in the grave, not the
as indications that the warrior in the grave was a military accuracy of the genetic analysis
commander. A pair of horses was also found in the
grave, one bridled as if prepared to ride off into battle D) have been proven wrong by the new sex determination
once again in the afterlife. More than a century later,
several researchers concluded – and genetic analysis E) created controversy by publicly opposing the results
confirmed – that this Viking warrior was actually female.
When these results were reported in 2017, sceptics
wondered whether there had been a testing mistake, or,
perhaps, whether the person in the grave had been a
warrior after all. A new review of the evidence led by
Neil Price of Uppsala University concludes that the
person in the grave was indeed biologically female, and
that there is no reason to doubt that she was a warrior in
a position of great authority. “Ever since its excavation, 80. Which of the following conclusions can be reached
the burial has been interpreted as that of a high-status based on the passage?
warrior,” says Price. “We think so, too, for exactly the A) Despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, not all
same reasons as everyone else has always thought so, Viking warriors were female.
but in light of the new sex determination, she was a
female high-status warrior.” B) Even if evidence is conclusive, some refuse to believe
Viking women were able to hold high military positions.
C) Testing mistakes occur frequently in archaeology,

which means that all results should be questioned.
D) Excavation of burial sites is a tricky process and

requires several different types of testing.
78. According to the passage, the Viking grave found in
Sweden did NOT include ----. E) Researchers at Uppsala University are more
A) a variety of weapons open-minded than those at other Swedish higher
education institutions.
B) items indicating military rank
C) life-size models of animals
D) items used for entertainment
E) horses prepared for battle
TEST BİTTİ.
22 CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
2019 YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI YABANCI DİL SINAVI
2019 - YÖKDİL
03-11-2019
İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER
1. A 48. B
2. B 49. A
3. A 50. A
4. C 51. D
5. C 52. C
6. A 53. C
7. B 54. E
8. E 55. D
9. D 56. A
10. A 57. D
11. C 58. B
12. C 59. D
13. D 60. C
14. C 61. A
15. B 62. D
16. B 63. D
17. C 64. B
18. A 65. B
19. D 66. E
20. B 67. C
21. A 68. C
22. C 69. A
23. E 70. D
24. D 71. B
25. C 72. E
26. B 73. A
27. C 74. D
28. C 75. D
29. D 76. C
30. B 77. B
31. A 78. C
32. C 79. D
33. D 80. B
34. D
35. C
36. E
37. B
38. B
39. C
40. A
41. C
42. D
43. B
44. C
45. A
46. C
47. A
T.C. Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(YÖKDİL/1)
İNGİLİZCE
SOSYAL BİLİMLER
1 MART 2020
2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/SOS
BİL
1.-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. Almost all we know of Siddhartha Gautama’s life
comes from biographies written by his followers
centuries after his death, and which differ ---- in
many details.
1. Although Søren Kierkegaard is widely regarded as
A) sustainably B) coincidentally
the father of existentialism, his ---- as an important
thinker was long delayed.
C) widely D) gradually
A) reluctance B) redundancy
E) efficiently
C) recognition D) rebellion
E) rejection
5. Originating from the 17th-century pleasure gardens

of France, amusement parks are controlled
environments that ---- visitors through the
2. Toronto is known worldwide for its multicultural ----, simulation of space, place and experience.
which provides one of the most important reasons
to visit the city. A) entertain B) threaten
A) composition B) endurance C) protect D) respect
C) obstacle D) implementation E) interrupt
E) destruction
6. Hunter-gatherer societies usually ---- bands of

approximately 50 individuals who are related to each
3. Song and dance are the ---- elements of ballet, which other through marriage or some other ceremonies.
distinguishes it from theatre, in which song and
dance may be present, but are not necessary A) fall behind B) put on
elements.
C) bring down D) consist of
A) sufficient B) fragile
E) come through
C) temporary D) essential
E) vague

2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/SOS BİL
7. Most sociologists ---- that over the past decades, the 10. The Enlightenment was a period characterised by a
concept of family ---- significant and rapid changes. decline ---- religious authority and the replacement
A) should agree / would undergo of the medieval focus on the next world by a greater
emphasis ---- mankind’s place in this world.
B) agree / has undergone A) off / to B) for / at
C) need to agree / had undergone C) from / with D) about / by
D) might agree / used to undergo E) in / upon
E) had agreed / will have undergone
11. Most theories of development attempt to define the

social, economic, or political conditions ---- which
8. Though it is now part of Greater London, Hampstead humans are able to live ---- dignity and fulfilment.
in England ---- once a separate village, and it ---- a A) for / onto B) through / from
village character to this day.
A) would be / will retain C) around / across D) under / with
B) has been / is retaining E) above / along
C) had been / retained
D) is / has retained
E) was / retains
12. Many supermarkets place high-demand items such

as milk in the back of the store ---- consumers will
need to walk through the entire store and perhaps
purchase extra items.
A) before B) so that
9. Archaeological sites can develop ---- great or small
C) as if D) until
amounts of time and space, and ---- large or small
actions of humans and nature.
E) as soon as
A) in / above B) over / through
C) for / on D) from / at
E) along / beyond

13. ---- access to technology resources was previously 16. ---- the ancient Greeks did not invent the style of
cited as the most challenging obstacle for teachers, sandals, they created many types of them such
the lack of time to learn new programmes and to as leather ones.
infuse them in their teaching is currently seen as a A) As B) Even though
major challenge.
A) Since B) Whereas C) If D) Once
C) In case D) As if E) Given that
E) Whenever
17. In 2000, the total value of goods and services

exchanged between countries ---- international trade
14. There are about 30 species of coffee, ---- only two was roughly $6.9 trillion.
species provide most of the world market with
A) contrary to B) instead of
coffee.
A) as B) or C) on behalf of D) rather than
C) otherwise D) so E) as a result of
E) but
18. ---- print media which enables adults to have some

control over the kinds of information children could
15. When first introduced, gasoline-powered vehicles access, visual media signals the end to such
remarkably impacted the delivery of newspapers control.
---- they could be distributed throughout cities and
A) Due to B) Similar to
rural areas to more readers more quickly.
A) unless B) because C) before C) Along with D) As a consequence of
D) just as E) although E) In contrast to

19. In ancient Rome, pearls were ---- rare and expensive

---- they were reserved almost exclusively for the
noble and affluent.
A) whether / or B) as / as
C) so / that D) either / or
E) such / that
20. The Orkney Islands are situated in the path of the

warm Gulf Stream, ---- continuously washes
nutrients ashore and keeps the winters relatively
mild.
A) which B) where C) when
D) how E) what

21.-25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) might have been treated
Water is essential for life, not only in terms of its B) would have been treated
biological utility, but also for its social, economic, health,
technical, financial, and political dimensions. (21)----, C) must be treated
historically, the availability of a domestic water supply
has been a significant factor in the development of D) is able to be treated
civilisations. If naturally occurring freshwater is polluted
as a result of human activities, various processes are E) could have been treated
(22)---- to convert the raw water to a quality fit for a
particular use, such as drinking. In most cases, because
of high levels of pollution by humans, water (23)---- before
and after its use. The behaviour of humans (24)---- their
consumption of water also has historical, geographical,
and cultural dimensions. Water has various uses,
including agricultural, recreational, industrial, and
domestic. (25)---- a limited amount of usable water, there
is competition, sometimes tension, among various water
users. Both market-oriented and hierarchy-based rules
24.
are used to distribute water among its various
consumers. A) prior to B) regarding
C) despite D) for the sake of
E) except for
21.
A) However B) Even so
C) Instead D) For instance
E) In contrast
25.
A) Towards B) Into
C) From D) Above
E) With
22.
A) required B) reversed
C) received D) disrupted
E) eliminated


A) bring back B) call off
Public-private partnerships may not always seem to be a C) engage in D) take away

desirable solution at first. Most organisations prefer to
stay on paths they know well, (26)---- goals and work E) find out
practices with other groups that think and act like them
– governments working with governments, businesses
with businesses, and non-profit groups with non-profit
groups. Governments and private firms have long
worked together under simple arrangements, (27)----
government purchase of products produced by the
private sector. However, both parties often hesitate to
(28)---- more complex relationships. Governments are
frequently concerned that private businesses will take
advantage of them, (29)---- businesses often consider 29.
government approaches to be burdensome and a waste
of time. Therefore, it is useful to allow some time for trust A) while B) so
to be established (30)---- the key partners.
C) for D) given that
E) only if
26.
A) having been shared B) sharing
C) to be shared D) being shared
E) to have shared 30.

A) along B) behind
C) against D) at
E) among
27.
A) except for B) despite
C) rather than D) such as
E) as opposed to

31.-41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

33. ----, while public universities receive a mixture of
state appropriations and student tuition.
A) Universities are very labour intensive, with the major
portion of expenditures being devoted to salaries and
31. Although American community colleges have
benefits
existed since the late 19th century, ----.
A) little sociological attention has been paid to these B) Public and private enterprises have some specialised
institutions until recently accounts for the unique functions of those institutions
B) many scholars view them as a great invention of US C) Most private universities depend heavily on student
higher education tuition as the major source of revenue
C) they have made post-secondary education accessible D) The objectives of public colleges and universities differ
to many Americans from those of commercial enterprises
D) they have been accepting students from all around the E) The primary sources of revenue vary depending on
world for master's degree whether an institution is public or private
E) they have had several important functions throughout

its history
34. Even though the 17th-century French philosopher

René Descartes has been remembered primarily for
his contributions to philosophy, ----.
32. Even though online shopping has become extremely
popular all over the globe, ----. A) he was one of the leading philosophers of his time
A) some online platforms ensure that their consumers’
B) he also showed curiosity about many aspects of the
personal information remain confidential
natural world
B) not only teenagers but also young adults are doing
C) many people encounter Descartes only through his
online shopping more frequently
writings
C) many industries are voluntarily following strict
D) his rationalistic ideas have been praised by many
self-regulation processes to avoid its abuse
researchers and philosophers
D) policy guidelines for regulating and authenticating the
E) almost all philosophers after him were deeply
e-trade have been released
influenced by his works
E) most buyers are a bit worried about placing their faith
in faceless, online companies for some products

35. Whereas fantasy deals with the impossible, ----. 37. The long tradition of Greek bronze sculpture started
A) social and political arguments in science fiction have during the third millennium BC, ----.
been emphasised even more since the 1900s A) but bronze was easier to cast and stronger than pure
copper
B) the beginnings of science fiction go back to prehistoric
myths and tales of fantastic voyages and adventures B) when the advantages of using bronze in sculpture
became evident
C) science fiction stories may be set in the future as well
as in the past or even in the present day C) since bronze was an alloy made of 90 percent copper
and 10 percent tin
D) science fiction describes events that could actually
occur according to accepted theories D) supposing that early Greek bronze statues were rather
simple designs
E) science fiction is thought to have reached its most
characteristic modern form by the late 1800s E) as sculptors employed various techniques depending
on the type of the material
36. An electronic book is the result of combining a

digital text with an electronic reading device ----. 38. ----, Limbu, one of the ethnic languages spoken in
A) although computers and other electronic devices have Nepal, is likely to be completely extinct by the end of
always supported the reading of text files this century.
A) Although at present it is highly unlikely that the next
B) because the text coding in e-books provides many of generation of speakers will be raised in this language
the features that people value in printed works
B) When today’s generation of young adults eventually
C) while this technology offers advantages such as start to show interest in their native language
keyword-searching and note-taking
C) Whereas there are reportedly very few isolated
D) once the integration of printed text with electronic households where this language is still spoken today
devices has potential in education
D) Unless necessary measures are taken to revitalise
E) so that the text can be read in the same manner as a this language through the primary school system
paper-based book
E) Because many linguists think that the language needs
urgent grammatical documentation

39. Many studies report an increased tendency to bully 41. The first Americans were mainly hunters ----.
in today’s society ----. A) though their prey were mostly large herbivores such as
A) so that the Internet makes it easier for bullies to project bison and mammoths
their own feelings of inadequacy onto complete
strangers B) if the wooded environment had not provided them with
a diverse range of foods
B) because in our competitive world, people will do
anything to inflate their fragile status, including pulling C) although occasional finds of plant material show that
others down they had a varied diet
C) although more and more people commit online hate D) as they obtained food by cultivating a number of local
crime against other users based on their race, religion plants
or gender
E) because this way of life survived until the appearance
of European settlers
D) given that school administrators around the globe have
developed a growing awareness of the impact of
bullying
E) since psychotherapists describe bullying as a

transfer of shame, a coping mechanism simply to
suppressing our own shame by disgracing others
40. Although Freud was flexible in his own thinking, and

he reformulated his own theories multiple times, ----.
A) he was not the first clinician to practice psychotherapy
B) many of his ideas were greatly supported by his

contemporaries
C) he aspired to make psychoanalysis an applied science
D) he linked childhood experiences to adult emotional

adjustment
E) he was less tolerant of the divergent views of his

followers

42.-47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

43. Of the many different relationships we form over the
course of the life span, the relationship between
parent and child is among the most important.
A) Tüm hayatımız boyunca kurduğumuz birçok farklı
42. Although Siberia feels far away to many Americans,
ilişkiye kıyasla ebeveynlerin çocukları ile kurdukları
it actually sits only 90 kilometres from Alaska, which
ilişki hepsinden çok daha önemlidir.
is separated from Asia by the glacial waters of the
Bering Strait. B) Tüm hayatımız boyunca kurduğumuz birçok farklı
A) Sibirya birçok Amerikalıya çok uzak gelse de aslında ilişkiden en önemli olanlarından biri de ebeveyn ve
Asya’dan Bering Boğazı’nın buzlu suları ile ayrılan çocuk arasındaki ilişkidir.
Alaska’ya yalnızca 90 kilometre uzaklıktadır.
C) Ebeveyn ile çocuk arasındaki ilişki, tüm hayatımız
B) Sibirya birçok Amerikalıya çok uzak gelmektedir, ancak boyunca kurduğumuz birçok farklı ilişki içinde en
Asya'dan Bering Boğazı'nın buzlu suları ile ayrılmış önemli olanıdır.
olan Alaska'ya aslında sadece 90 kilometre
uzaklıktadır. D) Tüm hayatımız boyunca birçok farklı ilişki kurarız,
ancak bunların arasında en önemlisi ebeveyn ile çocuk
C) Bering Boğazı’nın buzlu suları ile Asya’dan ayrılmış arasındaki ilişkidir.
olan Sibirya, aslında Alaska’ya sadece 90 kilometre
uzaklıkta olduğu hâlde pek çok Amerikalı tarafından E) Tüm hayatımız boyunca kurduğumuz birçok farklı ilişki
uzak bir yer olarak görülür. içinde ebeveyn ile çocuk arasındaki ilişki en önemlileri
arasındadır.
D) Aslında Alaska’ya yalnızca 90 kilometre kadar yakın
olmasına rağmen birçok Amerikalı, Asya’dan Bering
Boğazı’nın buzlu suları ile ayrılmış olan Sibirya’yı çok
uzak bir yer olarak düşünmektedir.
E) Aslında Asya’dan Bering Boğazı’nın buzlu suları ile

ayrılmış olan Alaska'ya sadece 90 kilometre uzaklıkta
olsa da birçok Amerikalı Sibirya’yı çok uzak bir yer
olarak düşünmektedir. 44. The term ‘urbanisation’ is used to define the
economic and social changes that accompany
population concentration in urban areas and the
growth of cities.
A) ‘Kentleşme’ terimi, ekonomik ve sosyal değişimlere
bağlı olarak kentlerin büyümesiyle meydana
gelen nüfus yoğunluğunu tanımlamak için kullanılır.
B) Kentsel alanlardaki ekonomik ve sosyal değişimlerin

yanı sıra nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentlerin büyümesini
tanımlamak için de ‘kentleşme’ terimi kullanılır.
C) ‘Kentleşme’ terimi, kentsel alanlardaki nüfus yoğunluğu

ile kentlerin büyümesinin yol açtığı ekonomik ve sosyal
değişimleri tanımlamak için kullanılır.
D) Kentsel alanlardaki nüfus yoğunluğu ile kentlerin

büyümesiyle birlikte oluşan ekonomik ve sosyal
değişimler, ‘kentleşme’ terimi kullanılarak tanımlanır.
E) ‘Kentleşme’ terimi, kentsel alanlardaki nüfus

yoğunluğuna ve kentlerin büyümesine eşlik eden
ekonomik ve sosyal değişimleri tanımlamak için
kullanılır.

45. Archaeology, which combines the accumulated 46. International organisations count countries and
knowledge of centuries of investigation, gives us the states as their members, and these organisations
story of the human past on our planet. have some official role in the international system,
A) İnsanlığın gezegenimizdeki geçmişinin hikâyesini most notably as providers of collective security.
sunan arkeoloji, yüzyıllar boyunca süren araştırmaların A) Uluslararası kuruluşların, ülkeleri ve devletleri üyeleri
sonucunda biriken bilgiyi bir araya getirmektedir. olarak kabul etmesinin sebebi, bu kuruluşların özellikle
müşterek güvenlik sağlayıcısı olarak uluslararası
B) Arkeoloji, yüzyıllardır devam eden araştırmalar sistemde resmi bir rol yüklenmiş olmalarıdır.
sonucunda biriken bilgiyi bir araya getirmekte ve
insanlığın gezegenimizdeki geçmişinin hikâyesini B) Özellikle ülkeleri ve devletleri üye olarak kabul eden
sunmaktadır. uluslararası kuruluşlar müşterek güvenlik sağlayıcısı
olarak uluslararası sistemde resmi bir rol
C) Arkeoloji, bizlere insanlığın gezegenimizdeki oynamaktadır.
geçmişinin hikâyesini sunarken, yüzyıllardır devam
eden araştırmalar sonucu birikmiş olan bilgiyi bir araya C) Uluslararası kuruluşlar, ülkeleri ve devletleri üyeleri
getirmektedir. olarak görmektedir ve bu kuruluşların özellikle
müşterek güvenlik sağlayıcısı olarak uluslararası
D) Yüzyıllardır devam eden araştırmalar sonucunda sistemde resmi bir rolü vardır.
birikmiş olan bilgiyi bir araya getiren arkeoloji, bizlere
insanlığın gezegenimizdeki geçmişinin hikâyesini D) Ülkeleri ve devletleri üyeleri olarak kabul eden
sunmaktadır. uluslararası kuruluşlar, özellikle müşterek güvenlik
sağlayıcısı olarak uluslararası sistemde resmi bir rol
E) Yüzyıllar boyunca yapılan araştırmalar sonucu biriken yüklenmiştir.
bilgi, arkeoloji tarafından bir araya getirilerek bizlere
insanlığın gezegenimizdeki geçmişinin hikâyesi E) Özellikle müşterek güvenlik sağlayıcısı olarak
sunulmaktadır. uluslararası sistemde resmi bir role sahip olan
uluslararası kuruluşlar, ülkeleri ve devletleri üyeleri
olarak saymaktadır.

48.-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca

47. Although European explorers had ventured into Asia
en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
in the 1st century AD, the first significant European
contact with the continent began in 1498, when the
Portuguese fleet of Vasco da Gama arrived in the
west coast of India. 48. 'Feodalizm' terimi, Avrupa’da 9. yüzyıl civarında
A) Avrupalı kâşifler Asya’ya MS 1. yüzyılda gitme ortaya çıktığı iddia edilen, askeri insan gücü
cesaretini göstermiş olsalar da, kıta ile kayda değer ilk oluşturmayı amaçlayan siyasi sistemi tanımlamak
Avrupalı teması Vasco da Gama’nın Portekizli için kullanılmaktadır.
filosunun Hindistan’ın batı kıyılarına vardığı 1498'de A) 'Feudalism' is a term allegedly used to describe the
başlamıştır. political system that emerged in Europe around the 9th
century with the purpose of raising military manpower.
B) Avrupalı kâşifler Asya’ya MS 1. yüzyılda gitme
cesaretini göstermiş olsalar da, Vasco da Gama’nın B) It is claimed that the term 'feudalism' has been used to
Portekizli filosunun Hindistan’a vardığı yıl olan 1498, refer to the political system that arose in Europe
kıta ile kayda değer ilk Avrupalı temasının around the 9th century to raise military manpower.
başlangıcıdır.
C) 'Feudalism' as a term describes the political system
C) MS 1. yüzyılda Asya’ya gitme cesareti gösteren which allegedly arose in Europe around the 9th
Avrupalı kâşiflere rağmen, kıta ile kayda değer ilk century for raising military manpower.
Avrupalı teması Vasco da Gama’nın Portekizli filosuyla
Hindistan’ın batı kıyılarına vardığı 1498'de D) The political system that is claimed to have arisen in
gerçekleşmiştir. Europe around the 9th century to raise military
manpower has been called as 'feudalism'.
D) MS 1. yüzyılda Asya’ya gitme cesareti gösteren
Avrupalı kâşiflerden sonra, kıta ile kayda değer ilk
E) The term 'feudalism' has been used to describe the
Avrupalı teması Vasco da Gama’nın Portekizli
political system aiming to raise military manpower that
filosunun Hindistan’ın batı kıyılarına vardığı 1498
allegedly arose in Europe around the 9th century.
yılında olmuştur.
E) Avrupalı kâşifler Asya’ya MS 1. yüzyılda gitme

cesaretini göstermiş olmalarına rağmen, kıta ile kayda
değer ilk Avrupalı temasının başlaması Vasco da
Gama’nın Portekizli filosunun Hindistan’ın batı
kıyılarına vardığı 1498 yılına dayanır.

49. Renkler, ne yediğimizden ne giydiğimize kadar 51. On bin yıldan daha uzun bir süre önceki tesadüfi
günlük kararlarımızın çoğunu bilinçli veya bilinçsiz keşfinden bu yana çay, dünya üzerinde su dışında
olarak etkiler. en çok tüketilen sıvı hâline gelmiştir.
A) Colours influence many of our daily decisions such as A) Tea was accidentally discovered more than ten
what we eat and what we wear consciously or thousand years ago, and except water, it has become
unconsciously. the most consumed liquid on Earth.
B) Consciously or unconsciously, colours have an B) Since its accidental discovery over ten thousand years
influence on our daily decisions as to what we eat or ago, tea has become the most consumed liquid on
what we wear. Earth, apart from water.
C) Colours influence many of our daily decisions C) Ever since it was discovered accidentally over ten
consciously or unconsciously from what we eat to what thousand years ago, tea has been the most frequently
we wear. consumed liquid together with water.
D) Many of our daily decisions like what we eat and wear
D) From the time it was accidentally discovered, which
are influenced consciously or unconsciously by
was over ten thousand years ago, tea has become the
colours.
second most consumed liquid on Earth after water.
E) Like many of our daily decisions, colours influence
what we eat and what we wear consciously or E) The reason why tea has become the most frequently
unconsciously. consumed liquid on Earth after water is that it has been
more than ten thousand years since its discovery.
50. Haçlı Seferleri sırasında Orta Doğu’ya ulaşan

savaşçıların arasında, yeni bir ülkede yeni bir hayata
başlamaya hevesli Avrupalı göçmenler de
bulunuyordu.
A) Alongside the warriors who arrived in the Middle East
during the Crusades, European immigrants were also
willing to begin a new life in a new land.
B) Among the warriors who arrived in the Middle East

during the Crusades, there were also European
immigrants eager to begin a new life in a new land.
C) The warriors who arrived in the Middle East during the

Crusades were accompanied by European immigrants
who were eager to begin a new life in a new land.
D) When the warriors arrived in the Middle East during the

Crusades, there were also European immigrants
among them, who wanted to have a new life in a new
land.
E) European immigrants were among the warriors who

arrived in the Middle East during the Crusades with the
aim of beginning a new life in a new land.

52. Tarih boyunca deniz kabuğundan sigaraya kadar 53. Gazetelerin televizyon yayıncılığına göreceli olarak
çeşitli nesneler ödeme araçları olarak kullanılmıştır, başarılı bir biçimde uyum sağlamasına rağmen,
ancak MÖ 8. yüzyılda altın ve gümüş baskın hâle televizyon öncesi dönem muhtemelen gazetelerin en
gelmiştir. parlak dönemi olarak kabul edilmektedir.
A) Various items ranging from seashells to cigarettes A) Even after the relatively successful adaptation of
were used as means of payment throughout history, newspapers to television broadcasting, the
but gold and silver became predominant in the 8th pretelevision era is accepted to be the heyday of
century BC. newspapers.
B) Gold and silver predominated as means of payment in B) Even though the pretelevision era is likely to be seen
the 8th century BC, but a number of items from as the heyday of newspapers, the adaptation of
seashells to cigarettes were used throughout history. newspapers to television broadcasting was relatively
successful.
C) Not only silver and gold, which predominated in the 8th
century BC, but also various items such as seashells C) The pretelevision era is most probably considered the
and cigarettes were employed throughout history as heyday of newspapers, but their adaptation to
means of payment. television broadcasting was regarded as relatively
successful.
D) Throughout history, a wide range of items including
seashells and cigarettes were in use as means of D) Though newspapers were adapted to television
payment, but nothing compares to gold and silver, broadcasting with relative success, it is likely that the
which became predominant in the 8th century BC. pretelevision era is considered to be the heyday of
newspapers.
E) Although gold and silver became predominant as
means of payment in the 8th century BC, a variety of E) Despite the relatively successful adaptation of
items such as seashells and cigarettes were used newspapers to television broadcasting, the
throughout history. pretelevision era is likely to be regarded as the heyday
of newspapers.

54.-59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü

sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek 55. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the
cümleyi bulunuz. world’s most well-known painting. It is difficult to
think of another piece of artwork that has been
analysed, talked about and written about to quite the
54. Migration is the movement of people from one same degree as this one. ---- Some believe that the
geographic location to another. Migration may result model was da Vinci’s own mother, Caterina, or
from many different causes. In some cases, Princess Isabella of Naples, or a Spanish
economic opportunities may motivate individuals to noblewoman named Costanza d’Avalos. Some even
move. Algerian guest workers in France are an suggested that da Vinci based the portrait on his
example of this situation. ---- For instance, violence own likeliness due to the subject’s slightly
emerging from internal conflicts in Rwanda and masculine facial features.
Sudan has created mass migrations during recent
A) The painting was eventually acquired by King Francis I
years.
of France and is now the property of the French
A) Migration affects not only the recipient region or Republic.
country but also the region or country of origin.
B) Perhaps the most plausible answer came from art
B) War and political unrest also frequently lead to historian Vasari, who suggested that the model was
large-scale movements of people. Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo.
C) Migration may boost economic productivity by using C) But however famous the portrait is, the true inspiration
labour in a more efficient manner. behind that half-smile has never been truly discovered.
D) Contrary to the common view, migration may also D) It has remained on permanent display at the Louvre
produce opportunities as well as challenges. Museum in Paris since 1797 where it continues to
attract huge crowds.
E) Migration is categorised in many ways to better
describe the characteristics of these movements. E) A 500-year-old note by one of da Vinci’s friends, which
stated that the artist was working on the portrait, was
recently discovered.

56. The principal source of revenue in Afghanistan 57. Ancient Rome had no police force, at least not in the
traditionally came from the agricultural sector. For a way that we tend to think of it today. This was not
long time, the country was capable of producing not unusual or unique, since the police force in its
only enough food to feed its entire population but modern sense did not develop until the 18th and
surplus food to export abroad. ---- Given that the 19th centuries. ---- Up until recently, none of these
country could grow crops only to live on, not to sell, was perceived to be the particular responsibility or
the decline in income levels increased poverty, duty of the state. Rome did possess a legal system,
dramatically causing various economic difficulties at but this system was only applied to cases that were,
the same time. on the whole, brought to the court by private
citizens.
A) Moreover, the private sector played a major role in the
country’s traditional economic activities in 2000. A) The job of the modern police is to prevent crime,
investigate crimes that have been committed, and
B) Besides, the country had many economic relations with catch criminals.
the former Soviet Union in the past.
B) During the republic, it was strictly forbidden to have
C) However, it was in 2001 that the country was no longer military forces within the pomerium, the sacred
able to produce enough food. boundary of the city.
D) Similarly, the agricultural sector has never produced at C) The city streets were considered to be particularly
full capacity for decades in Pakistan. dangerous at night due to robberies.
E) In addition, the telecommunications infrastructure has D) Interpersonal violence seems to have been permitted
improved vastly since 1999. or at least ignored and was seen as a way of settling
disputes.
E) The state intervened in cases in which a crime was

perceived to have been committed against the state.

58. Students’ fundamental motor skills are already 59. Ecotourism organisations play a major role in
developing when they begin kindergarten, but are researching the viability of ecotourism as a
not yet perfectly coordinated. Five-year-olds can sustainable development tool. Universities provide
generally walk satisfactorily for most school-related funding and facilities for this research, and also
purposes. For some at this age, running still looks a function as a forum for related debate. ---- A good
bit like a hurried walk, but usually it becomes more recent example is the Canadian public agency
coordinated within a year or two. Similarly with Canadian Tourism Commission’s efforts to
jumping, throwing, and catching. ---- Whoever is document Canadian ecotourism practices in the
responsible, it is important to notice if a child does publication Catalogue of Exemplary Practices in
not keep more-or-less to the usual developmental Adventure Travel and Ecotourism. This document
timetable. will serve as a learning tool for other ecotourism
A) From kindergarten to the end of high school, students entrepreneurs.
improve basic motor skills, double their height and A) However, they have not established the basic
triple their weight. standards for the sector.
B) Students who are clumsy are aware of how it could B) Some government agencies also play a major role in
negatively affect their status among their peers. this effort.
C) Even if physical skills are not a special focus of a C) Ecotourism provides important benefits especially for
classroom teacher, they can be quite important to the areas affected by climate change.
students themselves.
D) Public universities should take more active roles in the
D) Failure in developing necessary motor skills generally development of ecotourism.
results in poor self-esteem and traumatic experiences.
E) There is a need for guiding certification programmes in
E) Assisting such developments is usually the job either of ecotourism.
physical education teachers, or of classroom teachers.

60.-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda

parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi 62. (I) The term ‘graphics’ is often taken for granted and
bulunuz. used in a generic sense. (II) Graphic designers are
professionals who may even coordinate the production
of a printed material. (III) In fact, graphics are a powerful
60. (I) The Byzantine Empire, which developed organically way to communicate in today’s visually oriented society.
out of the Roman Empire and its ancient Mediterranean (IV) Most publications need strong, dominant visual
civilisation, has no clear starting point. (II) The term elements to make them more interesting to the reader.
Byzantine is modern, coined by historians to underline (V) They are extremely useful to help attract attention,
the distinctive qualities of the civilisation centered in unify a look, convey special meaning, and add impact.
Constantinople. (III) Many date its origins to the year 330
AD, when Emperor Constantine I established his new
imperial capital, Constantinople. (IV) Others favour the
mid-6th century during the reign of Justinian I the Great,
the last emperor to speak Latin as his native tongue.
(V) Still others argue that it only emerged as a distinctive
civilisation after the Arab conquests of the 7th century.
63. (I) Many people who struggle with insomnia already know
the basics of 'sleep hygiene': make sure your bedroom is
dark, keep a regular bedtime, only use the bed for sleep,
etc. (II) However, they have probably also found those
tips to be insufficient. (III) Insomnia is a disaster that will
ruin the following day as well. (IV) That is because sleep
gets sabotaged by what psychologists call an 'ironic
61. (I) Egyptology as a discipline did not fully develop until effect': the harder you try to fall asleep, the more difficult
Jean-François Champollion’s decipherment of ancient it gets. (V) To avoid this, you need to reduce your
Egyptian in 1822. (II) Since then, it has dealt with all emphasis on sleep.
aspects of ancient Egypt, including language and A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
literature, architecture, archaeology, art, and overall
historical developments. (III) Major finds, such as the
tomb of Tutankhamun, the workmen’s village at Giza,
and, more recently, the origins of the alphabet have
fuelled public interest in Egyptology and the field as a
whole. (IV) Ancient Egyptian civilisation lasted from
approximately 3000 BC until the date of the last known
hieroglyphic inscription in 395 AD. (V) With
archaeologists and historians making great discoveries
every year, the perceptions of key issues in ancient
Egyptian civilisation continue to change. 64. (I) Mycenaean society was greatly influenced by the
Minoans who had developed on the island of Crete.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (II) Although the Minoan culture had faded at the time the
Mycenaeans came to Crete, the Mycenaeans adopted
much of the Minoan culture. (III) For example, in the
early years their hairstyles were similar to the Minoans
but much more carefully styled in long curls held in place
by richly decorated crowns. (IV) Later, Mycenaean men
cut their hair short or bound it closely to their head and
grew beards. (V) After the fall of the Minoan and
Mycenaean civilisations in about 1200 BC, Greek society
developed.

65. (I) Just over a year ago, an eager team of archaeologists

dug under the mud of a slum in Cairo erected on the
ruins of the pharaonic city of Heliopolis. (II) They
recovered a gigantic statue, which was believed by them
to represent the pharaoh Ramses the Great. (III) His
policies allowed the Hellenes to establish colonies on
Egyptian soil for the first time. (IV) However, there was
slight disappointment when it was discovered that the
statue was not of Ramses but a lesser-known
7th-century BC ruler of Egypt, Psamtik I. (V) Despite
the disappointment, though, this discovery was instantly
celebrated by archaeologists not only in Egypt but also
around the globe.

66.-68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 67. What was especially interesting about the research
on Canadian technical advisors in Kenya?
A) Psychological adjustment at the end of the first year
As difficult as they may be in some cases, culture shock was directly related to culture shock.
experiences serve as the very force that drives strangers
to learn and adapt. It is through the presence of stress B) Some participants who experienced higher levels of
that strangers are compelled to strive to achieve the culture shock were found to be more effective in their
level of learning and self-adjustment, which is necessary jobs.
in order to meet the demands of the environment and to
work out new ways of handling their daily activities. In a C) The level of professional effectiveness was unrelated
study of Canadian technical advisors who were on to the magnitude of culture shock within the first year.
two-year assignments in Kenya, researchers found that
the intensity and directionality of culture shock was D) All of the subjects in the study showed greater
unrelated to patterns of psychological adjustment at the effectiveness in their jobs when they were subjected to
end of the first year in the alien land. Of particular further culture shock.
interest is the finding that, in some instances, the
magnitude of culture shock was positively related to the E) In some cases, patterns of culture shock and
individuals’ social and professional effectiveness within psychological adjustment were found to be related to
the new environment (i.e., the greater the culture shock, the environment.
the greater the effectiveness). Based on this finding, it
was thought that culture shock experiences might, in
fact, be responsible for successful adaptation. This point
is further echoed in research that shows culture shock is
a traditional learning experience that facilitates a
psychological change from a state of low self-awareness
and cultural awareness to a state of high self-awareness
and cultural awareness.
68. It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the
study on Canadian technical advisors in Kenya,
most researchers had assumed that culture shock
----.
A) helped individuals to fully integrate into a foreign
culture
66. According to the passage, stress ----. B) caused the formation of experiences that facilitated
A) weakens a person’s ability to achieve learning and change
self-adjustment
C) allowed individuals to change states of awareness
B) hinders the handling of daily activities in unfamiliar
environments D) occurred when foreigners experienced high
self-awareness
C) is what causes people to become less social in a new
culture E) was an obstacle to adaptation to a foreign environment
D) helps those experiencing culture shock to better adapt

to a foreign environment
E) makes it impossible for strangers to meet the demands

of a new environment


cevaplayınız. 70. According to the passage, we can reduce screen
time and its possible harm by ----.
A) installing readily available health applications that
The explosion of mobile phone use has revolutionised monitor and limit our screen use
our lives. We can download movies, communicate with
our family members, and broadcast to the world, all at B) paying more attention to the relation between obesity
the push of a button. However, there are some questions and screen time
about these valuable devices we have been unable to
answer, such as the possibility of health conditions C) comparing our screen time with that of our family
resulting from excessive ‘screen time’. Yet, many initial members
reactions have been more spontaneous than
evidence-based. In the past decade, we have heard that D) becoming more conscious of our usage of screens and
they will rewire our brains, strip us of cognitive abilities how related they are to our lives
and damage our mental health. In truth, there is no good
E) incorporating more healthy activities into our lives
evidence that such alarming conditions are caused by
our tech habits. The World Health Organization, for
example, recommends limiting screen time as a way of
tackling obesity, voicing no health concerns related to
screens in particular. It says that children under 3 should
have no screen time and those aged 3 to 4 should be
limited to an hour a day, but its focus is on curbing
childhood obesity. As the fears grow and the debate
becomes more heated, it is time to separate the proven
71. The attitude of the author towards common
health advice from exaggerated facts. Rather than
reactions concerning our tech habits is ----.
impose unreasonable limits, we should take a look at our
use of screens and ask how they fit with the activities A) sceptical B) sarcastic
and lifestyles we want as individuals and families.
C) admiring D) supportive
E) optimistic
69. It is pointed out in the passage that excessive

screen time ----.
A) is proven to delay developmental processes in
children under 3
B) shows no convincing evidence of damaging our

cognitive abilities and mental health
C) prevents small children from interacting with their

families and other children
D) is seen as the main reason for inducing childhood

obesity in those aged 3 to 4
E) may change the way our brains work, leading to

alarming health conditions


cevaplayınız. 73. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) Achebe both studied and taught in University College,
Ibadan
The most celebrated African novelist is Chinua Achebe,
whose Things Fall Apart permanently transformed the B) Achebe started his career at Nigerian Broadcasting
landscape of African fiction, both in his own continent Corporation
and in the Western imagination. His novels effectively
challenged many of the West’s false impressions of C) Okigbo provided Achebe financial support to set up
African life and culture, replacing simplistic stereotypes his own publishing company
with portrayals of a complex society still suffering from a
D) Okigbo wrote poems about the civil war in Nigeria
legacy of Western colonial oppression. Achebe was born
in Ogidi, an Igbo-speaking town in eastern Nigeria, and
educated in English at church schools and University E) In Things Fall Apart, Achebe mentioned the problems
College, Ibadan, where he subsequently taught before his own family had in the West
joining the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation in
Lagos. Then he launched a publishing company with
Christopher Okigbo, a poet soon to die in the Nigerian
civil war. His Things Fall Apart, written with an insider’s
understanding of the African world and its history,
depicts the destruction of an individual, a family, and a
culture during colonialism. Helping to deny Western
prejudices about Africa, this rich portrait of a culture also 74. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
advances Achebe’s ambition to help his society regain
belief in itself and get rid of the complexes produced by A) Achebe aimed at helping Africans rebuild self-respect
colonialism. and self-confidence
B) With Things Fall Apart, Achebe made the Igbo

language more popular in the West
C) Things Fall Apart was mainly written from the

perspective of a Westerner
72. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----. D) Achebe suggested Africans distrust Western societies
in Things Fall Apart
A) Achebe has changed the way Western people think of
African culture E) Achebe faced fierce criticism in the Western world
B) Things Fall Apart is Achebe’s first and most famous
novel
C) Achebe’s novels are mainly about Africans' false

assumptions about Westerners
D) Africa has always been a culturally rich continent in

Western imagination
E) Achebe is still the best novelist for many readers in

Western societies


cevaplayınız. 76. Members of privileged classes in ancient Egypt who
faced execution ----.
A) were thrown into the Nile when they committed the
Justice in ancient Egypt encompassed a range of most unforgivable crimes
physical punishments including corporal punishment
such as beatings, and capital punishment, which is the B) were not able to get away with public execution
legal killing of a person. Punishments were typically
administered in public. Corporal punishments were C) had to remove their names from history so that they
imposed on citizens for lesser crimes such as could avoid death
non-payment of taxes. But in the most severe cases, the
Egyptian state would execute offenders. Robbing royal D) had the option to commit suicide by drinking poison in
tombs, injuring the pharaoh, and disloyalty were all order to avoid a painful public death
regarded as the worst crimes Egyptian citizens could
commit. If criminals were caught, they would be E) did not want their families to get their bodies for
punished by death. Executions were carried out in a funerals
number of ways, most often in public. Members of
privileged classes could sometimes choose to take their
own lives by swallowing poison rather than undergoing a
painful death in public. The harshest punishment was not
only death in this world but death in the afterlife. Burning
a person’s body, throwing their remains into the Nile, and
erasing their names from history were the most serious
punishments, as the person would not exist either here
77. Which of the following could be the best title of the
or in the hereafter. In these cases, families would not
passage?
receive the body for burial or for the purposes of
funerals. A) Capital Punishment Methods in Ancient Egypt
B) The Court System in Ancient Egypt
C) Burial Rituals in Ancient Egypt
D) Crime and Punishment in Ancient Egypt

75. The main difference between corporal punishment
E) How the Aristocracy was Punished in Ancient Egypt
and capital punishment was that ----.
A) the former was administered in public in most cases
B) the latter was used more frequently in ancient Egypt
C) the former was for criminals who stole from the

pharaoh
D) the offender died as a result of the latter
E) the criminals were charged with higher taxes for the

former


cevaplayınız. 79. According to the passage, what makes us unique?
A) How desires and conflicts appear in memories
Freud felt that our memories and how they are arranged B) Both nice and disturbing ideas we have
in our minds are vital parts of our personalities. He
proposed that there are three basic divisions of memory C) Our deep and dark secrets
that are differentiated by how aware or conscious each
of us is of the material in those divisions: the conscious, D) Types and awareness of memories
the preconscious and the unconscious. The unconscious
is the most famous of the three. It contains the memories E) Unfiltered and true feelings about ourselves
and experiences that we are not aware of. They are
deep inside our minds and difficult to access. Actually,
Freud thought that our unconscious is filled with all our
memories, thoughts, and ideas that are troubling,
disturbing, and horrible to keep in our conscious
awareness. This is where we keep our truest feelings,
unfiltered and unedited by the niceties of everyday life.
Our unconscious is where our deepest and most basic
desires and conflicts reside, it is the realm of secrets so 80. According to the passage, which could be an
dark that we are not even aware of them ourselves. example of an unconscious memory?
Depending on what kind of memories we have and how
aware we are of them, we may have a completely A) Jealous feelings directed towards a close friend
different personality than we do now. Our conscious,
preconscious and unconscious memories help make us B) Hearing how your colleagues appreciate you
unique, giving us that special little personality that
everyone loves. C) Remembering simple tasks like riding a bike
D) Purposefully ignoring the man sitting next to you
E) Reliving the happiest day of your life
78. Freud suggested a division for our memories to ----.

A) help people hide their horrible secrets
B) focus more on the niceties of everyday life
C) simply explain our level of consciousness
D) further study people’s deepest and most basic desires
E) better understand how memories are unreliable
TEST BİTTİ.
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Āª×ü«ÑÃ¡ÎÞ´ÎØ« Āª×ü«ÑÃ¡ÎÞ´ÎØ«
OSYM001
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2020 YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI YABANCI DİL SINAVI 1. DÖNEM
2020 - YÖKDİL/1
01-03-2020
1. C 48. E
2. A 49. C
3. D 50. B
4. C 51. B
5. A 52. A
6. D 53. E
7. B 54. B
8. E 55. C
9. B 56. C
10. E 57. A
11. D 58. E
12. B 59. B
13. B 60. B
14. E 61. D
15. B 62. B
16. B 63. C
17. E 64. E
18. E 65. C
19. C 66. D
20. A 67. B
21. D 68. E
22. A 69. B
23. C 70. D
24. B 71. A
25. E 72. A
26. B 73. A
27. D 74. A
28. C 75. D
29. A 76. D
30. E 77. D
31. A 78. C
32. E 79. D
33. C 80. A
34. B
35. D
36. E
37. B
38. D
39. B
40. E
41. C
42. A
43. E
44. E
45. D
46. C
47. A
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(YÖKDİL/1)
İNGİLİZCE
FEN BİLİMLERİ
1 MART 2020
2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/FEN
İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ
BİL
1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. A volcanic catastrophe is often thousands of years
in the making – many volcanoes gain strength for
millennia before an ---- powerful explosion occurs.
A) immensely B) insufficiently
1. Scientific discoveries may be made simultaneously
by scientists working independently, but almost
C) adversely D) inconveniently
every ---- depends on previous work and theories.
A) expense B) precaution E) elaborately
C) threat D) advance
E) decline
5. Swifts, one of the fastest small birds, can be ----

from the superficially-similar African swallows by
their characteristic style of flight.
A) derived B) prevented
2. Artificial selection is the conscious attempt by
human beings to change the environments or ---- of
C) extracted D) distinguished
other organisms so as to alter the evolution of these
organisms.
E) obtained
A) instructions B) traits
C) profits D) intentions
E) causes
6. Bioinformatics is a new field that ---- the

development and application of computational
methods to organise, integrate, and analyse
gene-related data.
A) centers on B) falls behind
3. Taxonomy is the area of biological science
comprising three ---- but highly interrelated
C) leaves out D) brings down
disciplines: classification, naming and identification
of organisms.
E) puts off
A) respectable B) regular
C) distinct D) virtual
E) consistent

2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/FEN BİL
7. At the end of the 17th century, Isaac Newton ---- his 10. The boiling point of a liquid substance is the
laws of motion and gravity, making science more temperature ---- which the vapour pressure of the
precise and mathematical than it ---- before. liquid equals the external pressure ---- the liquid.
A) had set down / would have been A) of / by B) among / off
B) was setting down / has been C) at / on D) for / with
C) set down / had been E) in / under
D) would set down / was
E) had been setting down / would be
11. After 13 years in Saturn’s orbit, the Cassini

spacecraft ended its mission in September 2017 ----
making a planned dive ---- the planet’s atmosphere.
A) after / with B) about / over
8. Over the past 100 years, the relativity theories and
quantum mechanics ---- major triumphs at the cost C) in / at D) by / into
of us, ---- our classic conception of time.
A) have celebrated / losing E) from / through
B) celebrated / to have lost
C) have been celebrated / having been lost
D) had celebrated / being lost
E) were celebrated / to be lost

12. ---- the Earth's long history, scientists divide its
4.5-billion-year existence using the geologic time
scale, which makes this history manageable.
A) Unlike B) Except for
C) On behalf of D) Because of
E) Similar to
9. The Enlightenment period saw astronomical
observatories grow ---- size and number, ---- a
growing emphasis on the housing of larger
telescopes.
A) by / over B) for / through
C) beyond / to D) from / at
E) in / with

13. It takes up to five years ---- a cocoa tree bears fruit, 16. The solid core inside the Moon is similar to that of
and it then produces around 1,000 beans a year, but Earth; ----, the Moon’s core is gradually cooling,
that is only enough for one kilogramme of which creates cracks on the surface, in contrast to
chocolate. the Earth’s warming core.
A) because B) unless A) however B) eventually
C) before D) as if C) furthermore D) for instance
E) as soon as E) in brief
14. ---- continental islands are part of their nearby 17. Atmosphere observation includes such well-known
continental land mass, oceanic islands are the instruments as the thermometer and barometer
result of undersea volcanoes or tectonic plate ---- less familiar devices such as the radiosonde.
activity pushing up the sea floor. A) according to B) in terms of
A) Unless B) After
C) with the purpose of D) owing to
C) While D) Because
E) as well as
E) As long as
18. According to a study, a common species of wasp

15. Like people, animals can also have reactions to appears to be becoming smaller in number ---- the
pollen and other environmental allergens, ---- they ongoing global rise in temperatures.
have different symptoms than we do and should be A) except for B) rather than
treated differently as well.
A) as if B) once C) as a consequence of D) contrary to
C) but D) so E) in pursuit of
E) since

19. Studies have shown that flying animals manage well

---- due to the fact that they can escape predators by
taking flight, ---- because flight has supplied them
with a number of advantageous qualities.
A) such / that B) the more / the more
C) neither / nor D) not only / but also
E) as / as
20. Inside the Sun, density and temperature rise steadily

toward the core, ---- the pressure is more than 100
billion times greater than the atmospheric pressure
on the Earth’s surface.
A) where B) how C) which
D) whom E) what

21. - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da 23.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) urgent B) tedious
For thousands of years, humans had relied on animals C) threatening D) redundant

and manpower to move heavy loads and drive
machinery. This all changed in the late 18th century with E) flexible
the arrival of a new invention: the steam engine. Steam
engines operate by burning fuel to heat water (21)---- it
boils. The resulting hot steam (22)---- the boiling water is
trapped to create pressure, which is used to drive
machinery. This simple principle opened the way to
powerful new engines. Steam engines were more
(23)---- than windmills or waterwheels which had to be
built in specific places. They were more powerful than
humans and animals, and they (24)---- equipment used 24.
on farms and in factories. (25)---- all these advantages, A) may drive
larger models were used to pump vast amounts of water
to drain mines and supply canal systems.
B) have to drive
C) should have driven
D) could drive
E) would have driven

21.
A) as if B) unless
C) until D) although
E) just as
25.
A) Such as B) Regardless of
C) Contrary to D) Instead of
E) In addition to
22.
A) into B) from
C) without D) at
E) for

26. - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) weak B) scarce
Before the invention of the microscope, it was C) accidental D) vague

impossible to see cells. Some biological theories were
therefore based on speculations (26)---- scientific E) detailed
observation. For example, people believed in
'spontaneous generation’ (27)---- it was hard to believe
that cells would regenerate. The development of the
microscope, including that of an electronic version in the
20th century, made (28)---- observation of the internal
structure of the cell possible. Robert Hooke was the first
(29)---- dead cells in 1665. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden
observed living cells, and in 1839, in collaboration
(30)---- Theodor Schwann, he developed the first theory 29.
of cells; that all living organisms consist of cells. A) to see B) seeing
C) to have been seen D) having seen
E) to be seen
26.
A) despite B) owing to
C) rather than D) similar to
E) as a result of 30.
A) with B) between
C) to D) from
E) for
27.
A) in case B) as long as
C) because D) although
E) so that

31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

33. Although several geological phenomena account for
the formation of numerous lakes on Earth, ----.
A) most lakes were formed as a result of glacier activity
31. Despite their benefits in farms where pests are
B) they are inland bodies of water scattered over the
abundant, ----.
earth’s surface
A) pesticides are widely used by farmers to increase
agricultural productivity C) salt lakes have high levels of chalky deposits at the
bottom
B) pesticides are responsible for about one million
poisoning cases globally every year D) young lakes have less organic matter as opposed to
old ones
C) humans cause much more severe environmental
damage than pesticides do E) lake basins formed at the edge of glaciers were
generally too deep
D) pesticides can also be classified according to the
similarities of their chemical structures
E) contagious diseases in crops can be prevented by

using pesticides
34. As the technology for piping gas from the source

began to improve, ----.
A) it was the product of the decaying of living matter over
millions of years
32. Once it has decided on its target, ----.
B) Alaska and Texas were the largest sources of gas in
A) the dragonfly attacks the prey in mid-air using its legs the US
B) the dragonfly’s menu also features mosquitoes, flies C) it became possible to transport gas over thousands of
and butterflies miles
C) the dragonfly is often seen over water in the wild D) it was initially inconvenient to store in large amounts
D) the dragonfly has hardly changed, proving itself to be E) it was believed to have been first discovered and used
the champion of adaptation by the Chinese
E) the dragonfly is an insect with a long thin body

35. Although traditional recruitment sources such as 37. Fossils may be the body parts or direct traces of
newspaper advertisements are still used to recruit activities left behind by animals, plants, fungi, and
job applicants, ----. microorganisms; ----.
A) people also argue that the Internet may pose potential A) thus, they might include a mammalian tooth, a clam
threats to personal privacy shell, a leaf or the entire skeleton of a dinosaur
B) use of Internet is less likely to reduce the time B) on the other hand, fossils are real and truly the
associated with traditional recruitment methods remains of long-dead organisms
C) most people seeking jobs are still looking at C) by comparison, they are usually formed as dead
newspaper advertisements instead of using the organisms become buried by layers of sediment
Internet
D) however, some people have historically studied fossils
D) the Internet has changed the way in which many as an interest
organisations announce job opportunities
E) for example, ancient people used fossils to make
E) the Internet recruiting poses challenges for necklaces and to exchange in trade
organisations that use online recruiting programmes
38. The life cycle of different insect species varies

36. Although lead was widely known at a very early date, greatly, ----.
----.
A) while the field of insect ecology investigates mortality
A) the first metal to be practically utilised was copper factors that help regulate insect populations
B) that period is known as the Chalcolithic Age B) as it is essential to understand populations and their
reproductive capacity
C) metallurgical developments originated in mountainous
regions C) thus some feed on living plants, others on decaying
plants, and still others on animals
D) the emergence of rock-melting process started the
Copper Age D) given that some species that coexist in an area and
interact with each other form an ecological community
E) most of the larger metal artefacts were produced in the
Middle East E) but all insects undergo the basic stages of
development from an egg to a reproductive adult

39. Insect-pollinated flowers are usually brightly 41. Chestnut wood can be worked easily to manufacture
coloured and sugary-smelling ----. fine furniture and musical instruments; ----.
A) although birds or bats use these colourful flowers as A) on the other hand, chestnuts are species of trees in
landing pads the genus Castanea
B) while hummingbirds are the only pollinating birds that B) moreover, it is also used for its durability in roof
fly as they feed materials and construction timber
C) because insects are attracted by vivid colours and C) for example, true chestnut seeds could be confused
sweet scents with horse chestnuts
D) only when some plants try to shed their shiny pollen D) thus, in 1999, the global crop of sweet chestnut was
into the air harvested from about 630,000 acres
E) as some flower heads have much larger flowers, E) similarly, they are species of temperate hardwood
spaced much further apart forests found in the northern hemisphere
40. Humans have drastically altered wetlands for a

variety of reasons; ----.
A) for example, an estimated 26 per cent of the world’s
wetlands have been converted for agricultural
purposes alone
B) however, more than half of the original wetlands in the
United States have been destroyed in the past 200
years
C) as a result, people thought that they were nothing

more than breeding places for diseases
D) on the contrary, wetland birds migrate to cold places

during summer months
E) in other words, the wetlands are home to a large

variety of wildlife

42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

43. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,
engineers devoted their efforts almost entirely to
making devices that functioned profitably, but with
no attention to their safety.
42. By opening the way to the use of high-rise buildings,
A) Sanayi Devrimi’nin başlangıcında mühendisler
the elevator played a decisive role in the creation of
neredeyse bütün çabalarını kârlı bir şekilde işleyen,
the characteristic urban geography of many modern
ancak güvenliğine önem vermedikleri aygıtlar
cities. yapmaya adadılar.
A) Pek çok modern şehrin karakteristik kentsel
coğrafyasını oluşturmada belirleyici bir rolü olan B) Sanayi Devrimi’nin başlangıcında hemen hemen bütün
asansör, çok katlı binaların kullanılmasının yolunu çabalarını kârlı bir şekilde çalışan aygıtlar üretmeye
açmıştır. adayan mühendisler, güvenliğe hiç önem vermediler.
B) Asansör, çok katlı binaların kullanımının yolunu C) Güvenli aygıtlar yapmak, Sanayi Devrimi’nin
açarak pek çok modern şehrin karakteristik kentsel başlangıcında mühendislerin kârlı bir şekilde çalışan
coğrafyasının oluşmasında belirleyici bir rol aygıtlar yapmak kadar önem verdikleri bir konu değildi.
oynamıştır.
D) Kârlı bir şekilde işleyen aygıtlar üretme çabaları,
C) Çok katlı binaların kullanımının yolunu açan asansör, Sanayi Devrimi’nin başlangıcında, mühendislerin
pek çok modern şehrin karakteristik kentsel güvenli aygıtların üretilmesine pek önem
coğrafyasının oluşmasında belirleyici bir rol vermemelerine neden oldu.
oynamıştır.
E) Sanayi Devrimi’nin başlangıcında mühendisler
D) Asansör çok katlı binaların kullanımının yolunu açtığı kendilerini tamamen kârlı bir şekilde çalışan aygıtlar
için pek çok modern şehrin karakteristik kentsel yapmaya adadılar, fakat güvenliğine hiç önem
coğrafyasının oluşumunda belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. vermediler.
E) Çok katlı binaların kullanımının yolunu açan asansör,

pek çok modern şehrin karakteristik kentsel
coğrafyasının oluşmasında belirleyici bir role sahip
olmuştur.

44. In 725, Chinese engineer Liang Ling-Zan and 45. Early farmers quickly learned that a supply of water
Buddhist monk Yi-Xing invented a water clock was essential to farming; thus, the primary fields of
which displayed various astronomical events rather grain were processed alongside the great rivers of
than the time. the Middle East.
A) Zamanı ve çeşitli astronomik olayları gösteren su A) İlk çiftçiler su tedarikinin çiftçilik için önemli olduğunu
saati, Çinli mühendis Liang Ling-Zan ve Budist rahip çabucak öğrendiler, bu yüzden başlıca tahıl arazileri
Yi-Xing tarafından 725 yılında icat edilmiştir. Orta Doğu’nun büyük nehirleri boyunca işlendi.
B) 725 yılında, Çinli mühendis Liang Ling-Zan ve Budist B) İlk çiftçiler su tedarikinin çiftçilik açısından önemli
rahip Yi-Xing, zamanı ve çeşitli astronomik olayları olduğunu çabucak öğrenmelerinden dolayı başlıca
gösteren su saatini icat ettiler. tahıl arazilerini Orta Doğu’nun büyük nehirleri boyunca
işlediler.
C) 725 yılında, Çinli mühendis Liang Ling-Zan ve Budist
rahip Yi-Xing tarafından icat edilen su saati, zamanı C) Su tedarikinin çiftçilik için önemli olduğunu çabuk
göstermek yerine çeşitli astronomik olayları öğrenen ilk çiftçiler başlıca tahıl arazilerini Orta
gösteriyordu. Doğu’daki büyük nehirler boyunca işlediler.
D) 725 yılında, Çinli mühendis Liang Ling-Zan ve Budist D) Başlıca tahıl arazilerinin Orta Doğu’daki büyük nehirler
rahip Yi-Xing, zamandan ziyade çeşitli astronomik boyunca işlenmesinin sebebi, ilk çiftçilerin su
olayları gösteren bir su saati icat ettiler. tedarikinin çiftçilik açısından önemli olduğunu
çabucak kavramalarıdır.
E) Zamandan çok çeşitli astronomik olayları gösteren su
saati, Çinli mühendis Liang Ling-Zan’ın yardımıyla E) İlk çiftçiler su tedarikinin önemli bir çiftçilik meselesi
Budist rahip Yi-Xing tarafından 725 yılında icat olduğunu çabuk öğrendiler ve başlıca tahıl arazilerini
edilmiştir. Orta Doğu’nun büyük nehirleri boyunca işlediler.
46. Severe frost is a great threat to organisms, as the

cold causes enzymes and cell membranes to
function poorly.
A) Şiddetli don organizmalar için büyük bir tehdittir, çünkü
soğuk, enzimlerin ve hücre zarlarının zayıf bir şekilde
çalışmasına neden olur.
B) Şiddetli donun, organizmalar için büyük bir tehdit
oluşturmasının sebebi, enzimlerin ve hücre zarlarının
soğukta zayıf bir şekilde çalışmasıdır.
C) Organizmalar için büyük bir tehdit yaratan şiddetli don

ve soğuk, enzimlerin ve hücre zarlarının zayıf bir
şekilde çalışmasına neden olur.
D) Enzimler ve hücre zarları soğukta zayıf bir şekilde

çalışır ve şiddetli don organizmalar için büyük bir tehdit
oluşturur.
E) Soğuk, enzimlerin ve hücre zarlarının zayıf bir şekilde
çalışmasına neden olur, bu yüzden şiddetli don
organizmalar için büyük bir tehdittir.

48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye

47. The availability of information about products on the
Internet, as long as it is well-organised and easy to
access, is an important reason why some
consumers prefer shopping online.
48. Karnabahar ve brokoli gibi sebzeler, vücudun kafeini
A) İnternette ürünlerle ilgili bilgi mevcuttur ve bu bilgi iyi
daha hızlı parçalamasına yardımcı olur, bu nedenle
bir şekilde düzenlenmişse ve erişimi kolaysa, bazı
aşırı kafein alımı hâlinde bunları tüketmek makul
tüketiciler İnternette alışveriş yapmayı tercih ederler.
olacaktır.
B) Bazı tüketicilerin İnternette alışveriş yapmayı tercih A) As vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli help the
etmelerinin önemli bir sebebi, İnternette ürünlerle ilgili body break down caffeine faster, it will be wise to
bilginin mevcut olması ve bu bilginin iyi düzenlenmiş consume them when caffeine is taken excessively.
ve erişiminin kolay olmasıdır.
B) In case of excessive caffeine intake, it will be wise to
C) İyi düzenlenmiş ve erişimi kolay olduğu sürece consume vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli
İnternette ürünlerle ilgili bilginin mevcut olması, bazı because they help the body by breaking down caffeine
tüketicilerin İnternette alışveriş yapmayı tercih faster.
etmesinin önemli bir sebebidir.
C) Vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli help the
D) İnternette ürünlerle ilgili mevcut olan bilgi iyi body break down caffeine faster, so it will be wise to
düzenlenmiş ve erişimi kolay olduğunda, bu durum consume them in case of excessive caffeine intake.
tüketicilerin İnternette alışveriş yapmayı tercih etmesi
için önemli bir neden olarak görülür. D) In case of excessive caffeine intake, consuming
vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli will be quite
E) Ürünlerle ilgili bilginin İnternette yer alması, bazı wise as they help the body break down caffeine faster.
tüketicilerin İnternette alışveriş yapmayı tercih
etmelerinin önemli bir nedenidir, ancak bu bilgi iyi E) The body breaks down caffeine faster when
düzenlenmiş ve erişimi kolay olmalıdır. vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli are consumed,
so it will be wise to consume them if caffeine is taken
excessively.

49. 1862 yılında, Louis Pasteur, süt 70 dereceye kadar 50. Nörologlar tarafından yeni geliştirilen bir çip, beynin
ısıtılırsa içindeki bakterilerin öleceğini ve bu nedenle anatomik yapılarını kopyalamaya çalışmak yerine,
sütün daha uzun süre muhafaza edilebileceğini insan zihninin bilişsel becerilerini taklit etmeyi
kanıtladı. amaçlamaktadır.
A) 1862 was the year when Louis Pasteur proved that if A) The aim of the chip recently developed by neurologists
milk was heated up to 70 ºC, the bacteria in it would is to mimic the cognitive abilities of the human mind
be killed, and therefore it could be kept longer. rather than replicating the anatomical structures of the
brain.
B) What Louis Pasteur proved in 1862 was that if milk
was heated up to 70 ºC, this would kill the bacteria it B) A chip recently developed by neurologists aims to
contained, and thus the milk could be kept longer. mimic the cognitive abilities of the human mind instead
of trying to replicate the anatomical structures of the
C) In 1862, Louis Pasteur proved that if milk was heated brain.
up to 70 ºC, the bacteria in it would die, and therefore
the milk could be kept longer. C) A chip recently developed by neurologists not only
tries to replicate the anatomical structures of the brain,
D) Demonstrating that the bacteria milk contained would but also aims to mimic the cognitive abilities of the
die if it was heated up to 70 ºC, Louis Pasteur, in human mind.
1862, proved that the milk could be kept longer.
D) Trying to replicate the anatomical structures of the
E) In 1862, Louis Pasteur proved that milk would be kept
brain, a chip recently developed by neurologists aims
longer provided that it was heated up to 70 ºC to kill
to mimic the cognitive abilities of the human mind.
the bacteria it contained.
E) A chip that aims to mimic the cognitive abilities of the
human mind instead of trying to replicate the
anatomical structures of the brain has been recently
developed by neurologists.
51. Çöller çorak olabilir, ancak hem uzun kuraklıklar

boyunca hem de nadir bir yağış sonrasında pek çok
bitki ve hayvanın yuvasıdır.
A) Deserts may be barren during the long droughts, but
after a rare rainfall, they are home to a wide range of
plants and animals.
B) Even barren deserts may be home to many plants and
animals, both during the long droughts and after a rare
rainfall.
C) Although deserts may be barren, they are home to a

number of plants and animals during the long droughts
and after a rare rainfall.
D) Deserts, even if barren, are home to both plants and

animals during the long droughts and after a rare
rainfall.
E) Deserts may be barren, but they are home to many
plants and animals, both during the long droughts and
after a rare rainfall.

54. - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü

52. Büyük Patlama kuramını destekleyen sağlam sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek
bilimsel kanıtlar vardır, ancak henüz kanıtlanmamış cümleyi bulunuz.
pek çok detay ve cevaplanmamış pek çok soru da
bulunmaktadır.
54. Suspension bridges have many advantages over
A) Although there are many details yet unproven and
other kinds of bridges because of their design. For
many questions still unanswered, there is solid
one thing, they can span great distances. The
scientific evidence to support the Big Bang theory.
longest suspension bridge in the world is the
B) While there is solid scientific evidence to support the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, covering an
Big Bang theory, there are also many details yet impressive 12,831 feet. ---- For example, if the deck
unproven and many questions still unanswered. of the bridge is too thin, it can lose its stability in
heavy winds and shake itself to pieces, which is
C) Despite the presence of solid scientific evidence to what happened to the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in the
support it, the Big Bang theory still has many details United States in 1940.
unproven and many questions unanswered.
A) The first suspension bridge is considered to have been
D) There is solid scientific evidence supporting the Big constructed in the 7th century BC by Mayans.
Bang theory; however, there are also many details yet
unproven and many questions still unanswered. B) This $3.3 billion bridge, which took 12 years to build, is
seen as a great engineering masterpiece.
E) The Big Bang theory has many details yet unproven
and many questions still unanswered, but there is solid C) Furthermore, the wonderful design of these structures
scientific evidence to support it. can make you wonder how they stay up.
D) However, suspension bridges require careful design

and planning to avoid any undesirable consequences.
E) A suspension bridge hangs from steel cables that are

supported by towers at each end.
53. Hücre klonlamanın amacı, belirli hücre türlerinin

bilimsel araştırmalar için kullanılabilecek pek çok
kopyasını üretmektir.
A) Producing many copies of certain types of cells that
can be used for scientific research is one of the
purposes of cell cloning.
B) The purpose of cell cloning is to produce many copies
of certain types of cells, as they are used for scientific
research.
C) The aim of cell cloning is to produce many copies of

certain types of cells, and these copies can be used
for scientific research.
D) The purpose of cell cloning is to produce many copies

of certain types of cells that can be used for scientific
research.
E) Cell cloning aims to produce many copies of certain
types of cells so that they can be used in scientific
research.

55. The sun’s heat energy passes easily through glass 57. Species have evolved throughout the course of
and warms the room beyond, which means windows natural history, and the fossil record is filled with
make ideal solar collectors. For maximum capture of evidence of extinctions, some of which have been
solar energy, a house needs large south-facing sudden and catastrophic. Ecologists believe that we
windows. ---- Even if it cannot be oriented precisely are in such an era of rapid species extinctions
north-south, it is still possible to harness a good today. ---- For example, the spotted owl is
percentage of the sun’s energy. Also, to adapt an endangered by overharvesting of old-growth forests
existing house, there are several options. For in the United Kingdom, and the bald eagle has been
instance, bigger windows on southfacing walls nearly rendered extinct in the United States outside
could be installed. of Alaska due to poisoning with pesticides.
A) The type of glass in your windows determines how A) Species biodiversity has a number of health benefits
efficiently solar energy is captured. for humans.
B) In new construction, this is easy to achieve by siting B) Enacted in 1973, the Endangered Species Act
the house accordingly. emerged to protect wildlife in the United States.
C) The idea is to store heat and to radiate it back after C) Using fossil records to determine which species
the sun has gone down. became extinct is a well-established method.
D) The most efficient way to do this is with a heat D) The most prominent current cause is human activity,
recovery ventilation system. which brings about loss of habitat for species and also
causes pollution.
E) The sun is a fantastic source of costless heat that can
be harnessed very simply. E) The protection of endangered species is a very
complex and challenging task.
56. Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen

present in fresh water, such as a stream, or
freshwater lake. A certain amount of dissolved
oxygen is required to sustain fish, animals, and
other aquatic life. ---- These include fish being
killed and loss of aquatic ecosystems.
A) The oxygen is refilled through several mechanisms,
one being the simple diffusion of the oxygen from the
atmosphere into the water.
B) Since most aquatic organisms need oxygen to live, it
is important to maintain dissolved oxygen in water.
C) Any decrease in dissolved oxygen can cause

changes, usually negative, in an aquatic system.
D) Determining the amount of dissolved oxygen in an

aquatic system aids in the measurement of
biochemical oxidation.
E) Dissolved minerals such as magnesium and calcium

contribute to the hardness of water.

58. Cold storage through refrigeration or freezing 59. Flash floods are floods that occur extremely
makes it possible to extend both the seasons of quickly, usually within several minutes or hours.
harvest and the geographic area in which a product They cause streams and rivers to rise rapidly and
is available. ---- But now, modern cold storage wash over the land, destroying almost everything in
technology makes virtually any product available their path. Their destructiveness is based on several
year-round on a global basis. Other technologies factors, including rainfall intensity, duration, surface
have been combined with refrigeration to further conditions, and slope of the area. ---- Mountain
improve this availability, such as a sealed room regions are also prone to flash flooding, and even
where the air is modified to increase its nitrogen deserts and arid regions are vulnerable to flash
content to keep food fresh. floods, since many dry regions are known for
A) Time and temperature are the key factors that intense thunderstorms which can produce a lot of
determine how well foods can retain their properties. rainwater in a short time.
A) Flash floods are very unpredictable and can occur at
B) The next step in the cold storage food chain is any time of the year.
transport by railroad cars, trucks, airplanes, or boats.
B) Floodwaters can carry a great deal of sediment and
C) Refrigerated warehouses maintain the temperatures debris, coating the inside and outside of a building.
required to assure maintenance of quality.
C) Flash flooding is considered to be the main reason for
D) Food that is placed in cold storage is protected from deaths associated with thunderstorms, especially
the degradation that is caused by microorganisms. when they occur at night.
E) Food products were previously grown locally and had D) The destructive potential of flood currents is
to be marketed within a short period of time. tremendous as they can cause massive amounts of
erosion.
E) Urban areas are the most susceptible to flash floods,

since a high percentage of the surface area cannot
absorb water.

60. - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla

okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan 62. (I) Dominique-François-Jean Arago was the leading
cümleyi bulunuz. French astronomer for the first half of the 19th century.
(II) Among Arago’s achievements in astronomy is his
discovery of the Sun’s chromosphere. (III) The
60. (I) The name ‘reptiles’ refers collectively to a confused chromosphere is the thin and usually transparent layer
mixture of different animals, such as turtles, crocodiles, of the Sun’s atmosphere. (IV) He also offered a
lizards, and snakes, that are not birds or mammals. pioneering explanation for the twinkling of stars.
(II) The antique scientific concept reptilia promotes (V) In addition, Arago conducted research that helped
misperception and misunderstanding of history and the lead one of his assistants, Urbain Jean Joseph
diversity of some vertebrates. (III) The term 'reptile' is Leverrier, to discover the planet Neptune.
now a deeply established popular name rather than a
scientific one. (IV) For much of the later 19th and most
of the 20th century, reptilia was taken to mean a group
composed of the ancestors of living reptiles.
(V) Similarly, the ancestors of all mammals and birds
were taken under the term reptilia.
63. (I) It is estimated that sales of genetically modified (GM)

seed in 2015 amounted to $15.3bn. (II) This was grown
in over 20 countries on an area greater than 440 million
acres – more than a 100-fold increase since 1996.
(III) In 2015, the top five countries in order of area of GM
crops cultivated were the USA, Brazil, Argentina, India
61. (I) One can usually see rainbows after summer rains, and Canada. (IV) In contrast, only about 290,000 acres
early in the morning or late in the afternoon, when the were grown in the EU; all were an insect-resistant
sun is low. (II) Diamond-shaped glass objects, mirrors or variety of maize. (V) Miami was the first to announce that
other transparent items can also be used to form a specific genes could be introduced into plant cells, and
rainbow. (III) Raindrops act as tiny prisms and disperse then whole plants could be generated with only a single
the white sunlight into the form of a large beautiful arch altered characteristic.
composed of visible colours. (IV) To see these colours,
one must be located between the sun and raindrops
forming an arc in the sky. (V) When sunlight enters the
raindrops at the proper angle, it is refracted by the
raindrops, then reflected back at an angle that creates a
rainbow.
64. (I) Earth’s major terrestrial, marine, and freshwater

ecosystems are known as biomes. (II) Significant
changes in the global environment and climate are
causing major shifts in some biomes. (III) They are
classified according to similarities in species
composition of plants and animals, and by
environmental attributes. (IV) These include
temperature, precipitation, and soil type in terrestrial
biomes and temperature, depth, and salinity in aquatic
biomes. (V) However, there are no hard boundaries
between biomes and there is much intermixing of
species between them.

65. (I) After 1890, the development, manufacture, and use

of glass increased so rapidly as to be almost
revolutionary. (II) The science and engineering of
glass as a material are now so much better understood
that glass can be tailored to meet an exact need.
(III) Machinery has been developed for precise,
continuous manufacture of sheet glass, tubing,
containers, bulbs, and a host of other products.
(IV) In the early 1800s, the greatest demand was for
window glass. (V) New methods of cutting, welding,
sealing, and tempering have also led to the use of glass
in completely new fields.


cevaplayınız. 67. According to the passage, Fertilo believes that
Mount Etna ----.
A) had its largest and most devastating eruption in 2011
One of the most famous volcanoes may be
misunderstood. Carmelo Fertilo, a geologist from Italy, B) erupts ten times more lava than gas
believes the material feeding Mount Etna’s cone is
mostly water, so it is effectively a giant hot spring. C) includes some of the characteristics of a hot spring
However, most geologists are unconvinced. Mount Etna
is almost always active. It may have spewed 70 million
D) is the most unpredictable volcano on Earth
tonnes of lava in 2011 alone. What really puzzles the
Italian geologist is that Etna also discharges more than
7 million tonnes of steam, carbon dioxide and sulphur E) can remain inactive for long periods of time
dioxide every year. The normal explanation is that gas
bubbles out of magma as it moves up the volcano’s
vent. However, Fertilo claims that Etna would need to
erupt ten times more lava than it does to account for all
the gas. He also argues that Etna is not just fed by
magma. He states that its deep plumbing system could
hold lots of water, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide,
making up about 70 percent of the material feeding the
volcano. According to Fertilo, such a system is closer to 68. Which could be the best title for this passage?
a spring rather than a volcano. However, according to A) The Eruptions of Mount Etna Throughout History
Kayla Iacovino, there are simpler alternatives. She has
argued that the excess gas could come from deep
molten rock that does not enter Etna. B) Excess Gas in Mount Etna
C) What Really Feeds Mount Etna?
D) Why is Mount Etna Always Active?
E) The Most Famous Volcanoes on Earth
66. It can be understood from the passage that most

geologists ----.
A) doubt Fertilo’s arguments about Mount Etna
B) have misunderstood Fertilo’s claims about Mount Etna
C) agree with Iacovino as well as Fertilo
D) claim that Mount Etna is a hot spring
E) try to provide new findings to support their own claims


cevaplayınız. 70. According to the passage, stem cells ----.
A) are cells that do not have the ability to multiply
The science behind growing meat without animals is B) are composed of various cells that have different
fairly simple. Growing the cells that form cultured meat functions
is not hugely different from other ‘cell culture’ methods
that biologists have used to study cells since the early C) have the ability to transform into different cells in a
1900s. The process starts with a few ‘satellite’ cells, muscle
which can be obtained from a small sample of muscle
taken from a live animal. These are stem cells that can D) need to be attached to other cells to form living tissues
turn into the different cells found in muscle. Just one cell
could, in theory, be used to grow an infinite amount of E) decrease in number at the end of the production
meat. When fed a nutrient-rich serum, the cells turn into process
muscle cells and proliferate, doubling in number roughly
every few days. After the cells have multiplied, they are
encouraged to form strips, much like how muscle cells
form fibres in living tissue. These fibres are attached to
a sponge-like scaffold that floods the fibres with
nutrients and mechanically stretches them, ‘exercising’
the muscle cells to increase their size and protein
content. The resulting tissue can then be harvested,
seasoned, cooked and consumed as boneless 71. The passage is mainly about ----.
processed meat. A) the advances in human cell production under scientific
intervention
B) the reasons why cell production may not be practical

for common use
C) different types of cell culture methods used by

biologists since the early 1900s
69. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----.
A) it is not a must to have a sample cell from a living D) an alternative way of growing meat through
animal to produce meat unconventional means
B) studying cells is a relatively new concept in the current E) some steps followed by scientists to cure animal
decade diseases by producing cells
C) producing meat from a muscle cell in a lab is quite a

complicated process
D) the first step in creating meat is to double the number

of muscle cells
E) growing meat without animals is a process similar to

other cell culture methods


cevaplayınız. 73. The problem with the Aswan High Dam is that ----.
A) it cannot provide enough electricity
River systems are completely changed when dams are B) it has a negative impact on the currents in the
built. The main reason is obvious: dams block the Mediterranean Sea
channels, altering the water's direction by decreasing or
increasing the amount of water that flows through the C) it is reducing the size of the Nile delta
channel – the defined pathway the water follows. In turn,
this modifies or completely changes the river's erosional D) the people in the Nile region are still facing problems
and depositional characteristics, thus changing the with irrigation
channel's landscape and affecting the local
environment. Although there are good reasons for dams E) sediment is flooding in from the Mediterranean Sea
(mainly to stop flooding in populated areas), there are
often just as many potential problems. One in particular
is the erosion that occurs just below the main structure
holding back the water. Because sediment is no longer
transported within the water (the load is dropped in the
reservoir), the water from the spillway often erodes the
channel immediately below. Another problem can also
arise from the fact that because there is less sediment
load, there is also less of a delta being formed at the 74. The underlined word in the passage 'replenish' is
mouth of a river. For example, the Aswan High Dam closest in meaning to ----.
along the Nile River in Egypt was finished in 1966,
primarily to provide electricity and irrigation. But the A) reduce B) ruin C) renew
water is dammed up in a lake about 280 kilometers
long, and this is starving the Nile delta of sediments. D) resist E) restrict
Because of this, the currents in the Mediterranean Sea
are carrying away more sediment than the river can
replenish and causing the delta to slowly erode away.
72. According to the passage, dams ----.

A) do not affect erosional characteristics of a river as
much as depositional ones
B) provide more beneficial than harmful effects to the

local environment
C) may adversely affect river systems and the local

environment
D) can stop flooding but have no other real benefits
E) generally increase the amount of water that flows

through channels


cevaplayınız. 76. It is stated in the passage that it is a challenge for
many teachers to ----.
A) prepare students for high-tech careers
An 11-year-old boy taps furiously on a laptop, hiding
from enemies as he runs through a city. They catch B) adapt themselves to technological changes
him before he reaches safety – game over. Frustrated,
he opens the game’s programming window, adjusts C) use videogames effectively in class
the settings, and this time gets past the bullies.
Victory! This could be the future of American education. D) attract and keep students' attention and interest
‘The Quest to Learn’ school opened last September in
Manhattan, welcoming the first class of sixth-graders E) help students gain new learning strategies
who will learn almost entirely through
videogame-inspired activities, an educational strategy
developed to keep kids engaged and prepare them for
high-tech careers. For many years, videogames have
outperformed teachers in one key way: They are
exceptionally good at engaging kids, which is, in fact, a
serious problem for teachers. Videogames drop kids
into complex problems where they fail and fail, but they
try again and again. When kids face tough problems in
77. The reason why many eighth-graders cannot get
school, however, they sometimes just give up, which is
why only a third of eighth-graders earn proficient math proficient math scores is that they ----.
scores on national assessment tests. The educators A) spend too much time playing videogames
behind ‘The Quest to Learn’ school hope that
videogame-based lessons will help to overcome that B) tend to give up when they face a challenge
problem.
C) are given very complex math problems to solve
D) mostly take videogame-based lessons that are not

aimed at improving their math skills
E) are not adequately prepared by their teachers

75. According to the passage, the introduction of
videogame-based lessons into American education
system ----.
A) will dramatically help students to find the easiest way
to overcome their problems
B) will encourage many students to have high-tech

careers
C) is necessary to help students adjust to technology
D) will assist children in dealing with bullies
E) may negatively affect students' self-confidence since

they can fail several times


cevaplayınız. 79. According to the critics of Copenhill, ----.
A) waiting until 2050 to start seeing the possible benefits
promised by the new facility is far too long
With its flat landscape, Copenhagen is an unlikely ski
destination. But an innovative project called Copenhill B) the other waste-burning facility is more efficient even
aims to pair recreation with renewable energy. Copenhill though it cannot control its carbon dioxide emissions
is a massive facility in the city’s industrial area that
converts trash to electricity, providing power for 30,000 C) it may not be possible to convert trash to electricity if
homes in Copenhagen and heat for more than twice that an urban ski park is integrated into the facility
number. The new structure will eventually include an
urban ski park, a climbing wall, and a cafe on its roof D) the facility is going to result in methane increases
with an attractive city view. Copenhill is 25 percent more in landfills, which will ruin the environment
efficient than the other waste-burning facility in
Copenhagen and will be able to control its own carbon E) recycling waste in order to produce power is not
dioxide emissions, in line with Denmark’s ambitious goal reasonable because it promotes high consumption
to become carbon-neutral by 2050. The idea of burning
garbage has its critics, who say waste-to-energy
facilities merely reinforce excessive consumerism. But
in 2018, Copenhill processed almost 500,000 tons of
garbage. That is better than filling up landfills, which are
potent sources of methane – a greenhouse gas that can
ruin the prospect of anyone’s enjoyment.
80. What is the author’s attitude towards Copenhill?

A) Supportive B) Critical
C) Doubtful D) Neutral
78. According to the passage, Copenhill ----. E) Ignorant
A) will be able to power thousands of homes in many

cities across Denmark once construction is complete
B) will provide several recreational opportunities in the

future, such as skiing, climbing and enjoying the city
view
C) will probably not include a cafe at its roof due to high

amounts of carbon dioxide in Copenhagen
D) was built in its current location as it is important to

construct recycling facilities in flat areas
E) will stop functioning as a recycling facility when an

urban ski park is built
TEST BİTTİ.
23
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.
OSYM001
2020 - YÖKDİL/1
01-03-2020
İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ İNGİLİZCE FEN BİLİMLERİ
1. D 48. C
2. B 49. C
3. C 50. B
4. A 51. E
5. D 52. D
6. A 53. D
7. C 54. D
8. A 55. B
9. E 56. C
10. C 57. D
11. D 58. E
12. D 59. E
13. C 60. C
14. C 61. B
15. C 62. C
16. A 63. E
17. E 64. B
18. C 65. D
19. D 66. A
20. A 67. C
21. C 68. C
22. B 69. E
23. E 70. C
24. D 71. D
25. E 72. C
26. C 73. C
27. C 74. C
28. E 75. B
29. A 76. D
30. A 77. B
31. B 78. B
32. A 79. E
33. A 80. A
34. C
35. D
36. A
37. A
38. E
39. C
40. A
41. B
42. B
43. A
44. D
45. A
46. A
47. C
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(YÖKDİL/1)
İNGİLİZCE
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ
1 MART 2020
2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/SAĞ
İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ
BİL
1.-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. With advances in medical treatment and living
conditions, life expectancy for some people with
disabilities has risen ---- and is only slightly lower
than that of the general population.
1. Chronic-pain sufferers can use creams which are
A) miserably B) severely
made with the same hot substance that is in chilli
peppers, but they have to use them daily as it takes
C) intuitively D) conventionally
about a week to feel any ----.
A) weak B) necessity E) dramatically
C) regret D) relief
E) complaint
5. If you sleep for just six hours, you are likely to be

59 percent more dehydrated as you could be short
of vasopressin, the hormone that ---- hydration,
released later in the sleep cycle.
2. Diabetes mellitus is among the most common
A) threatens B) destroys
chronic diseases, affecting over 6 percent of the
adult population in Western societies, and its ---- is
C) abandons D) regulates
rising dramatically worldwide.
A) prevalence B) deficiency E) resists
C) admiration D) limitation
E) convenience
6. If patients in the US tell their doctors they cannot

afford their medication, the doctors will work to ----
viable strategies so that they can get their drugs.
A) come up with B) get along with
3. Getting eight hours of sleep each night is ---- for
skin and well-being, as it resets stress hormones
C) cut down on D) run out of
like cortisol and repairs your complexion.
A) exhausting B) crucial E) fall behind with
C) disastrous D) preventive
E) offensive

2020-YÖKDİL/1/İNGİLİZCE/SAĞ BİL
7. You ---- stretching many times, but you ---- of it as a 10. If salt consumption is high, the body retains water to
key part of your workout, as stretching for 10-15 dilute the high concentrations of sodium, which in
minutes post-workout relieves sore muscles. turn increases the volume of blood ---- the
A) must have skipped / could have thought bloodstream and puts more pressure ---- the heart
and blood vessels.
B) should have skipped / have to think A) over / by B) in / on
C) might have skipped / would have thought C) at / about D) from / along
D) may have skipped / should think E) to / for
E) could have skipped / used to think
11. The nervous system directs the functions of the

body, both voluntary and involuntary, ---- an intricate
8. In 2014, the US confirmed 125 cases of measles and network of specialised cells called neurons which
declared that nearly half of the victims ---- against convey information ---- the form of electrochemical
measles, so it seems the reason of the outbreak ---- messages.
America’s growing anti-vaccination movement.
A) with / around B) for / at
A) have not been vaccinated / is
C) from / to D) along / on
B) had not been vaccinated / was
E) through / in
C) were not vaccinated / will be
D) will not be vaccinated / has been
E) are not vaccinated / had been
12. Body mass index has long been used to measure

obesity and health risk, ---- it cannot explain why an
overweight person might be healthy or why a
seemingly healthy person might get heart disease or
diabetes.
9. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus
and is transmitted through close contact ---- an A) as B) thus
infected person, and if you have never had
chickenpox or been immunised ---- it, you can still C) otherwise D) for example
get it in your lifetime.
E) yet
A) by / under B) on / in
C) at / about D) with / against
E) from / towards

13. ---- body cells come in many different shapes and 16. According to many dieticians, the diet or light
sizes, they all share the same basic parts. yogurts should be avoided ---- they are sweetened
A) As long as B) Provided that with aspartame, a chemical whose safety in food is
questionable.
C) Although D) Because A) so that B) even if
E) Just as C) since D) unless
E) until
14. ---- there are numerous dimensions to hearing,

audiologists most commonly measure hearing loss
in terms of sound intensity. 17. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a brain
A) Even if B) Once imaging technique that registers blood flow to
functioning areas of the brain, shows what the brain
C) By the time D) Since is doing ---- how it looks.
A) as well as B) in case of
E) Given that
C) such as D) in the absence of
E) on behalf of
15. ---- in conventional medicine, people diagnosed with

the same condition will generally be given the same
medicine, in homeopathy the remedy given to a
patient may depend on a whole host of other 18. Human longevity climbed in the 20th century ----
factors, such as state of mind and lifestyle. changes in public health policies and advances in
A) Since B) Now that medical practice.
A) contrary to B) rather than
C) Whereas D) So long as
C) despite D) except for
E) Only if
E) as a result of

19. Aesthetic surgery is a modern phenomenon that

demands ---- a set of specific technical innovations
in surgery ---- a cultural presupposition that you
have the right to alter your body.
A) as / as B) the more / the less
C) not only / but also D) such / that
E) no sooner / than
20. UV rays are quite damaging to our health, so experts

recommend outdoor activities for earlier in the
morning or during the afternoon ---- the exposure is
lower.
A) what B) when
C) where D) which
E) why

21.-25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) except for B) by means of
At some point in the future, Italian neurosurgeon Sergio C) rather than D) prior to
Canavero and a team of 100 surgeons hope to graft the
head of patient Valery Spiridonov onto the body of a E) in addition to
brain-dead donor in the world’s first head transplant
operation. The surgery has already been planned in
(21)---- detail. Some steps have already been individually
tested, like the cooling of organs and body tissues,
(22)---- others represent a new challenge for the doctors.
The patient will not be conscious during the operation:
after being placed under general anaesthetic, the head
is cooled (23)---- a cooling cap to 10°C. This puts brain
activity on hold. It is only reactivated when the warm
blood (24)---- the donor’s body begins to flow through to
24.
the donor’s brain. The lymphatic system will also be
connected to the new body. The patient will have to take A) among B) off
immunosuppressant drugs after the operation (25)---- the
risk of rejection. Canavero’s trickiest task will be to C) above D) from
cleanly separate the backbone and spinal cord before
connecting it to the spine of the donor body so that the E) against
nerve fibres can be fused together.
21.
A) faulty B) tough 25.
A) to lower
C) precise D) protective
B) having been lowered
E) trivial
C) to have lowered
D) to be lowered
E) being lowered
22.
A) as though B) given that
C) once D) in case
E) while

26.-30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) From B) On
Stretch marks are a type of scar. When skin is stretched C) Over D) In

or wounded, new collagen fibres form at the stressed
spots as part of the healing process, leaving marks E) To
behind. There is no definite way to prevent these marks
and scars, and they are difficult to get rid of (26)----.
Some remedies, (27)----, promise to reduce their size or
appearance or to erase them altogether. The makers of
creams, body oils and serums claim that their active
ingredients will shrink scars or prevent and fade stretch
marks. (28)---- more severe cases, plastic surgery can
be the only solution. Plastic surgeons cut out an old
scar, leaving a new, neater scar that (29)---- with a
treatment like laser therapy later on. There are
29.
numerous patients who have managed to get rid of their
scars (30)---- plastic surgery. A) must have been eliminated
B) had to be eliminated
C) used to be eliminated
D) should have been eliminated

26.
E) can be eliminated
A) poorly B) severely
C) entirely D) previously
E) vividly
30.
A) in terms of B) similar to
C) such as D) thanks to
27.
E) as well as
A) similarly B) however
C) in other words D) in short
E) for instance


33. While the mouth initiates the digestive process with
chewing, ----.
A) the saliva also contains an enzyme called ptyalin, or
salivary amylase
31. Once the diagnosis of appendicitis is made and
the decision has been made to perform an B) the salivary glands produce saliva to wet down the
appendectomy, ----. food for digestion
A) patients are allowed to eat when the stomach and
intestines begin to function again after the surgery C) a large group of unchewed food may also give harm to
the stomach
B) many patients with severe gastroenteritis will have
symptoms suggesting acute appendicitis D) all enzymes are sensitive to the level of acid in their
environment
C) the patient undergoes the standard preparation for an
operation, which usually takes one to two hours E) chewing contributes a lot to the digestion process
D) complications are rare after appendectomy because

the abdominal wall is strong in the area of the
operation
E) appendicitis is generally defined as painful swelling of
the appendix that can be very serious
34. ----, the disease is only controlled through continual

vaccination since the virus is not yet completely
eradicated.
A) Before a significant reduction in the incidence of
measles was noted in 1963 thanks to vaccination
32. ----, but this glimpse into the gut is one of the most B) Although some believe that the war against measles
powerful existing weapons against colon cancer. was won long ago
A) A family history of colon cancer always calls for early C) If measles were not a big threat for people in
screening developing countries
B) Doctors are well aware that no one looks forward to D) As long as scientists continue their studies to
having colonoscopy eradicate measles
C) Men with no history of colon cancer should start being E) Because those infected with measles have small red
checked before 45 spots on their bodies
D) Both genetics and habits are held responsible for
colon cancer
E) Guidelines for colonoscopies are becoming

patient-oriented

35. Although Henry Maudsley, in the late 1800s, was the 37. Women suffer from Alzheimer’s disease more than
first psychiatrist to focus on very young children men ----.
with autism, ----. A) because they live longer and it gets more common
A) many families with an autistic child also had one or with age
more neurotypical children
B) since it prevents the brain from functioning normally
B) he believed that parents of these children were
emotionally cold and distant C) although this stressful condition affects women’s
quality of life
C) it was Leo Kanner who coined the phrase ‘early
infantile autism’ in 1943 D) while it attacks and gradually destroys parts of the
brain
D) he claimed that parental personality played a powerful
role in their development E) as long as they respond to some medication differently
E) he introduced the term ‘refrigerator parents’ to

describe their parents
38. During the winter, most people suffer from seasonal

affective disorder, a mental condition characterised
by major mood changes, ----.
36. The modern medical use of morphine, extracted
from the poppy flower, began shortly after it was A) while it is a disorder that makes people feel sad and
first chemically isolated in the early 1800s ----. tired throughout the winter
A) while it works directly on the central nervous system, B) even if the change in light levels causes alterations in
binding to opioid receptors on nerve cells in the brain, the brain
spinal cord and gut
C) seeing that it is likely to be caused by
B) whereas morphine can have severe side effects and
bio-psycho-socio factors
can be both physically and psychologically addictive
D) but it is not necessarily confined to this period
C) although the pain-killing and euphoric effects of the of reduced sunlight
plant have been familiar to many societies since
around 4000 BC E) although the symptoms are linked to the changing
D) only when its use tends to be restricted to treating patterns of sunlight
severe pain, such as the acute pain of serious injury,
or the chronic pain
E) since authorities have to impose severe restrictions on
its sale to prevent misuse and consequent problems

39. ----, avocados, in fact, contain naturally good fats, 41. Support systems for people with developmental
such as monounsaturated fat. disabilities are often based on the idea of helping
A) Although a diet enriched with avocados actually lowers them to attain the greatest level of independence
bad LDL cholesterol possible ----.
A) since many adults with developmental disabilities live
B) While it is true that fat makes up 75 percent of the with family members or roommates who can provide
calories in the fruit assistance
C) Once they increase levels of the good HDL cholesterol B) so that they can maintain quality of life and make
by 11 percent positive contributions to the society in which they live
D) If people eat half an avocado for their lunch on a daily C) although recent research has shown that early
basis intervention has a positive effect for many disabilities
E) Supposing that avocados show no sign of elevating a D) even if the support programme of one with a
person’s blood sugar developmental disability is at the appropriate level for
him or her
E) while these systems help those with developmental

disabilities perform their daily activities with ease
40. ----, many previously fatal infectious diseases could

be controlled.
A) While penicillin is still effective against a range of
bacteria
B) Although penicillin inspired the search for many more

antibiotics
C) Once mass production of penicillin began in the 1940s
D) Given that Alexander Fleming had discovered

penicillin accidentally
E) Before scientists knew that penicillin kills bacteria

through interference


43. The stages of language development are universal
for all humans; however, the age and the pace at
which a child reaches each stage of language
development vary greatly.
42. It is possible for people to get most nutrients they
A) Bir çocuğun tüm insanlar için evrensel olan dil
need from a balanced diet, though vegans may need
gelişiminin her bir aşamasına hangi yaşta ve hızda
to take supplements or fortified foods.
eriştiği konusunda büyük farklılıklar vardır.
A) İnsanların dengeli beslenme yoluyla edinebilmeleri
mümkün olan birçok besini, veganlar ancak ek gıda B) Dil gelişiminin aşamaları tüm insanlar için evrensel
veya içeriği güçlendirilmiş yiyeceklerle alabilirler. olmasına rağmen bir çocuğun eriştiği her bir dil
gelişimi aşaması, yaş ve hız bakımından büyük
B) Dengeli beslenme insanların besin ihtiyaçlarının değişiklik gösterir.
karşılanmasını mümkün kılsa da, veganlar ek gıda
veya içeriği güçlendirilmiş yiyeceklere ihtiyaç C) Dil gelişiminin her bir aşamasına hangi yaşta ve hızda
duyabilirler. erişildiği konusunda çocuklar arasında farklılıklar
bulunmaktadır, ancak dil gelişiminin aşamaları tüm
C) İnsanların dengeli beslenme sonucu ihtiyaç insanlar için evrenseldir.
duyabilecekleri birçok besini almaları mümkündür,
ancak buna rağmen veganların ek gıda veya içeriği D) Dil gelişiminin aşamaları tüm insanlar için evrenseldir,
güçlendirilmiş öğünler tüketmeye ihtiyaçları vardır. ancak bir çocuğun dil gelişiminin her bir aşamasına
eriştiği yaş ve hız büyük ölçüde değişiklik
D) İnsanların ihtiyaç duydukları besinlerin çoğunu dengeli göstermektedir.
beslenme ile alabilmeleri mümkündür, fakat veganların
ek gıda veya içeriği güçlendirilmiş yiyecekler E) Tüm insanlar için evrensel olan dil gelişimi aşamaları,
tüketmeleri gerekebilir. bir çocuğun bu aşamaların her birine eriştiği yaş ve hız
bakımından büyük değişiklik göstermektedir.
E) Dengeli beslenme insanların besin ihtiyaçlarının
çoğunu karşılamasını mümkün kılar, ancak veganların
ek gıda veya içeriği güçlendirilmiş yiyecekler
tüketmeleri gerekir.
44. Unhealthy nails may be the result of a local injury,

fungal infection, nail biting or a deficiency of certain
nutrients.
A) Sağlıksız tırnaklar; bölgesel yaralanma, mantar
enfeksiyonu, tırnak yeme veya belirli besinlerin
eksikliğinin sonucu olabilir.
B) Bölgesel yaralanma, mantar enfeksiyonu, tırnak yeme
veya belirli besinlerin eksikliği, sağlıksız tırnaklarla
sonuçlanabilir.
C) Bölgesel yaralanma, mantar enfeksiyonu, tırnak yeme

veya belirli besinlerin eksikliğinin sonucunda sağlıksız
tırnaklar ortaya çıkabilir.
D) Bölgesel yaralanma, mantar enfeksiyonu, tırnak

yeme veya belirli besinlerin eksikliği sonucunda
sağlıksız tırnaklarla karşılaşılmaktadır.
E) Bölgesel yaralanma, mantar enfeksiyonu, tırnak yeme
veya belirli besinlerin eksikliği, sağlıksız tırnakların
nedenleri arasındadır.

45. The traditional Mediterranean diet, which is rich in 46. Manufacturers guarantee that their products are
vegies, fish and olive oil, falls short of your daily safe only until the expiration date, but a study
calcium requirements, so you should add dairy to showed that more than 100 drugs are still safe and
your meals to strengthen your bones. effective at least one year afterward.
A) Geleneksel Akdeniz beslenme tarzı sebze, balık ve A) Üreticiler sadece son kullanma tarihine kadar
zeytinyağı bakımından zengindir, ancak günlük ürünlerinin güvenli olduğunu garanti ederler, ancak bir
kalsiyum ihtiyacınızı karşılayamadığından, araştırma 100’den fazla ilacın, en az bir yıl sonra da
kemiklerinizi güçlendirmek için öğünlerinize süt hâlâ güvenli ve etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
ürünlerini eklemelisiniz.
B) 100’den fazla ilacın en az bir yıl sonraya kadar hâlâ
B) Sebze, balık ve zeytinyağı bakımından zengin güvenli ve etkili olduğunu gösteren bir çalışma
olmasına rağmen günlük kalsiyum ihtiyacınızı bulunsa da, üreticiler ürünlerinin sadece son kullanma
karşılayamayan geleneksel Akdeniz beslenme tarzı, tarihine kadar güvenli olduğunu garanti etmektedir.
kemiklerinizi güçlendirmek için öğünlerinize süt
ürünlerini eklemenizi gerektirebilir. C) Üreticiler tarafından ürünlerinin sadece son kullanma
tarihine kadar güvenli olduğu garanti edilse de, bir
C) Sebze, balık ve zeytinyağı bakımından zengin olan araştırma 100’den fazla ilacın, en az bir yıl sonra da
geleneksel Akdeniz beslenme tarzı, günlük kalsiyum hâlâ güvenli ve etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
ihtiyacınızı karşılamamaktadır; bu nedenle
kemiklerinizi güçlendirmek için öğünlerinize süt D) Üreticiler yalnızca son kullanma tarihine kadar
ürünlerini eklemelisiniz. ilaçlarının güvenli olduğunu garanti etmektedir, ancak
bir araştırma tarafından 100’den fazla ilacın en az bir
D) Sebze, balık ve zeytinyağı bakımından zengin olan yıl sonra bile hâlâ güvenli ve etkili olduğu ortaya
geleneksel Akdeniz beslenme tarzında kemiklerinizi konmuştur.
güçlendirmek için öğünlerinize süt ürünlerini eklemeniz
gerekmektedir, çünkü bu beslenme tarzı günlük E) Bir araştırmada 100’den fazla ilacın en az bir yıl
kalsiyum ihtiyacınızı karşılamamaktadır. sonrasına kadar hâlâ güvenli ve etkili olduğu ispat
edilmiş olmasına rağmen, üreticiler sadece son
E) Geleneksel Akdeniz beslenme tarzı sebze, balık ve kullanma tarihine kadar ürünlerinin güvenli olduğunu
zeytinyağı bakımından zengin olsa da günlük kalsiyum garanti ederler.
ihtiyacınızı karşılamaz; bu yüzden öğünlerinize
kemiklerinizi güçlendirecek süt ürünleri eklemeniz
gerekir.


47. One of the active ingredients that was initially
contained in the secret formula for coke and got
buyers addicted was removed in 1903 and replaced
with caffeine.
48. İnsanlar sağlık konusunda giderek bilinçli hale
A) Başlangıçta kolanın gizli formülünde bulunan ve satın
geldikçe, kendi sağlıklarını koruma konusunda
alanları bağımlı hâle getiren etken maddelerden biri,
önemli sorumlulukları olduğunu fark etmişlerdir.
1903’te çıkarıldı ve kafein ile değiştirildi.
A) People have become increasingly health-conscious,
B) 1903 yılında, ilk zamanlar kolanın gizli formülünde
because they have realised that they have important
bulunan etken maddelerden biri, satın alanları bağımlı
responsibility in maintaining their own health.
hâle getirdiği için çıkarılarak kafein ile değiştirildi.
B) As people have become increasingly
C) İlk zamanlar gizli formülünde satın alanları bağımlı health-conscious, they have realised that they have
hâle getiren bir etken madde olan kola, 1903 yılında important responsibility in maintaining their own
bunun yerine kafein ile üretildi. health.
D) Başlangıçta satın alanları bağımlı hâle getiren etken
C) Realising that they have important responsibility in
bir madde ile üretilen kolanın gizli formülüne, 1903
maintaining their own health has made people become
yılında bunun yerine kafein eklendi.
increasingly health-conscious.
E) 1903’te gizli formülünde bulunan etken maddelerden
D) People who have become increasingly
biri çıkarılıp kafein ile değiştirilen kola, ilk zamanlar
health-conscious have realised that they have
satın alanları bağımlı hâle getiriyordu.
important responsibility in maintaining their own
health.
E) The reason why people have realised that they have

important responsibility in maintaining their own health
is that they have become increasingly
health-conscious.
49. Geçmişte ölüme sebep olan birçok hastalık, şu an

aşıların kullanımı ile önlenebilmektedir.
A) Many diseases that can now be prevented thanks to
the use of vaccines caused death in the past.
B) Many diseases that caused death in the past can now

be prevented through the use of vaccines.
C) In the past, many diseases caused death, but now

they can be prevented with the use of vaccines.
D) Vaccines used now can prevent many diseases that

caused death in the past.
E) The use of vaccines can now prevent many diseases

leading to death in the past.

50. İlk yardımda öncelik, yardım çağırmadan önce 51. Problemleri veya hastalıkları saptama sanatı olan
müdahaleye başlanması gereken kalp krizi durumları 'teşhis', doktorlarla ilişkilendirilmiş olsa da, bu terim
hariç, acil yardım servisini arayarak tıbbi yardım avukatlar ve öğretmenler gibi diğer mesleklerin
almaktır. üyeleri tarafından da kullanılmaktadır.
A) In first aid, the priority is to get medical assistance by A) 'Diagnosis', the art of identifying problems or illnesses,
calling emergency medical care, except in cases is used by members of different professions, such as
of cardiac arrest in which treatment should be started lawyers and teachers; however, this term is more
before calling for help. associated with physicians.
B) First aid gives priority to cases of cardiac arrest as B) 'Diagnosis', the art of identifying problems or illnesses,
they need to be treated immediately, but except those has been linked with physicians even though this
cases, one should first get medical help by calling term is also used by members of other professions,
emergency medical care. such as lawyers and teachers.
C) In first aid, except for cardiac arrest cases which C) Although 'diagnosis', the art of identifying problems or
need to be dealt with before calling for help, the first illnesses, has been linked with physicians, this term is
thing we need to do is to call emergency medical care also used by members of other professions, such as
for medical help. lawyers and teachers.
D) In first aid, it is crucial to get help first by calling D) 'Diagnosis', the art of identifying problems or illnesses,
emergency medical care as long as it is not a case of is linked with physicians, but members of other
cardiac arrest where treatment should be started professions, such as lawyers and teachers, use this
before calling for help. term as well.
E) Unlike the cases of cardiac arrest which require E) While 'diagnosis', the art of identifying problems or
immediate care before calling for help, the first thing illnesses, has been associated with physicians,
to do in first aid is to call emergency medical care and members of other professions, such as lawyers and
get medical assistance. teachers, often use this term.

52. Gereğinden fazla beslenen çocuklar aşırı kilolu veya 53. Beyniniz yeterli dinlenmeden yoksunsa, fazladan
obez olabilirler ve bu da sağlık sorunlarına ve uyusanız bile bu kaybı telafi edemeyebilirsiniz,
depresyona yol açabilir. çünkü uzun süren uyku yoksunluğu beyin
A) Children who are overnourished may become hücrelerinin kaybına neden olabilir.
overweight or obese, and this may lead to health A) When your brain is deprived of adequate rest, getting
problems and depression. extra sleep may not compensate for the loss, as
extended sleep deprivation can result in the loss of
B) Health problems and depression may develop in brain cells.
children who are overnourished and thus have
become overweight or obese. B) If your brain is deprived of adequate rest, you may not
be able to compensate for the loss by getting extra
C) Overnourishing can make children overweight or sleep since extended sleep deprivation causes the
obese, and this is likely to result in health problems loss of brain cells.
and depression.
C) If your brain is deprived of adequate rest, you may not
D) Overnourished children may end up developing health be able to compensate for the loss no matter how
problems and depression as they have become much extra sleep you get because extended sleep
overweight or obese. deprivation results in the loss of brain cells.
E) When overnourished, children may develop health D) Once your brain is deprived of adequate rest, you may
problems and depression as a consequence of not be able to compensate for the loss despite the
becoming overweight or obese. extra sleep you get, and the result is the loss of brain
cells, which is caused by extended sleep deprivation.
E) If your brain is deprived of adequate rest, you may not

be able to compensate for the loss even if you get
extra sleep because extended sleep deprivation can
lead to the loss of brain cells.


sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek 55. Since a large number of people with high
cümleyi bulunuz. cholesterol are overweight, a healthy diet and
regular exercise are probably the most beneficial
natural ways to control cholesterol levels. ---- These
54. Hives (also known as urticaria) are itchy, raised include meat, shellfish, eggs, and dairy products.
splotches on the surface of the skin. About 20 times Several specific diet options are beneficial for those
itchier than a mosquito bite, hives make you want to who have high cholesterol. One is the vegetarian
tear off your clothes and then your skin. ---- In most diet, as vegetarians typically get up to 100 percent
cases, however, hives are the result of other more fiber and up to 50 percent less cholesterol
conditions. For example, although vibratory urticaria from food than non-vegetarians.
is very rare, any vibration against the surface of the
A) The goal, in general, is to substantially reduce or
skin, even from clothing rubbing against it, can
eliminate foods high in animal fat.
trigger a bout of hives in those prone to cholinergic
urticaria.
B) A wide variety of prescription medicines are available
A) If you do not eat something after contracting the to treat cholesterol problems.
illness, there is a remote chance that you will suffer
less from a food allergy. C) Currently, there are few studies on the effectiveness of
some existing anti-cholesterol drugs.
B) Urticaria is a common disorder that may cause
considerable distress and last for years. D) This forms plaque in the heart’s blood vessels, which
may block the supply of blood to the heart.
C) When most people have their first encounter with
hives, they assume they are caused by something E) It is often diagnosed and treated by general
they ate. practitioners.
D) Some patients cannot refrain themselves and resort to
excessive scratching.
E) Hives can occur in any part of the body – arms and

legs are more commonly involved.

56. Because the psychological manifestations of 57. Marie Curie, probably the world’s best-known
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are woman scientist, was a pioneer in the field of
multifaceted, it is necessary to implement radiation and chemotherapy. She was the first
comprehensive treatment interventions. One woman awarded a Nobel Prize, in 1903, for her
intervention should be related to the proper research on radioactivity. Sharing the prize were her
arrangement of the surroundings for children with husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, who
ADHD. Structuring the environment so that the child had discovered radioactivity in uranium. She was
is not easily distracted can be a viable solution. In also awarded a Nobel Prize in 1911 for the
the home, this entails minimising distracting previous discovery of polonium and radium and for
stimulation from radio or television, especially while the isolation of pure radium. ---- Cancer treatment,
the child is doing homework. ---- In this way, the for example, is among the practices where it is
teacher can ensure that the child is on task, is not widely employed.
distracted by other students, or has no opportunity A) She won her second Nobel Prize, this time in the field
to be disruptive. of chemistry.
A) Informing parents and school personnel about the
causes of ADHD can assist children, teachers and B) The Curies spent four years in a laboratory to isolate
parents themselves. polonium and radium.
B) Coordinated effort should be made to promote a C) She went beyond the study of the element radium to
healthy lifestyle, including scheduled regulation of discover a few of its medical uses.
bedtime.
D) She became the first woman professor at Sorbonne
C) Behaviour-modification strategies are effective for University, where she conducted meticulous scientific
training the child to control impulses, and they help studies.
both the child and their parents.
E) In the same year, Lord William Thomson Kelvin
D) In the classroom, on the other hand, consideration claimed radium was not an element after all.
should be given to the child’s seat location to enable
the teacher to observe the child closely.
E) Thus, family counselling and teacher education are

integral components of treatment to help maximise the
child’s adaptation.

58. ---- However, allergy skin testing may be used for 59. Everyone experiences occasional forgetfulness,
detection, although an allergic skin response does most commonly with respect to recent information.
not always mean that the allergen being tested is Such forgetfulness may range from the names of
causing the asthma. Also, the body’s immune newly introduced people to where the car keys are.
system produces antibody to fight off the allergen, Many researchers believe such forgetfulness
and the amount of antibody can be measured by a represents an incompletion in the brain’s processes
blood test. This will show how sensitive the patient for establishing neuronal pathways. ---- That is, the
is to a particular allergen. more frequently a person encounters the same
A) Nedocromil is an anti-inflammatory drug that is often information, the more complete the neuronal
used for asthma. connections among the various regions of the brain
that store the information.
B) Today, asthma is viewed as a chronic inflammatory A) Therefore, amnesia is the inability to recall past
disease of the airways. information or to remember information relevant to the
future.
C) It is often difficult to determine what is triggering
asthma attacks. B) Only when information becomes repetitious does the
brain create connections among neurons to
D) More than half of affected children stop having asthma accommodate it.
attacks after a certain age.
C) Similarly, the quality of memory, particularly short-term
E) Most patients with asthma respond well when the best memory, normally diminishes with the advanced age.
drug is found.
D) Even if patients experience memory impairment, they
are still able to remember the names of close family
members.
E) As researchers do not fully understand the

mechanisms of memory, they cannot explain how
forgetfulness occurs.


parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi 62. (I) If you are the type to regularly tuck into a bag of
bulunuz. chips, it is worth reconsidering the habit. (II) Too much
sodium is not good for anyone, but for people who have
hypertension, salt is especially dangerous. (III) Sodium
60. (I) It is possible that women simply pay more attention to is essential for contracting and relaxing muscles,
what they eat and their health, so are more likely to transmitting nerve signals and maintaining adequate
notice if they have a reaction to allergens, but biological fluid levels. (IV) Too much of it leads to small spikes in
factors seem to be involved, too. (II) For example, men blood pressure for people who do not already have
have higher levels of certain type of antibody thought to hypertension and large spikes in people who do.
help block allergic reactions. (III) The most disturbing (V) As a result, several cardiovascular problems,
food for both men and women is shellfish, followed by including heart attacks, strokes and coronary artery
certain fruits and vegetables. (IV) And hormones almost disease might come up.
certainly play a role because the gender difference in A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
allergies switches at adolescence. (V) Before puberty,
boys are affected by allergies twice as much as girls.
63. (I) Evidence is growing that, instead of avoiding

allergenic foods, it might be important for high-risk
children, those with moderate or severe eczema, to
61. (I) Lead poisoning occurs when a person swallows or encounter them early on. (II) Those that are introduced
inhales lead in any form. (II) The result can be damage to peanuts between the ages of 4 months and 11
to the brain, nerves, and many other parts of the body. months are 81 percent less likely to develop a peanut
(III) Acute lead poisoning, which is relatively rare, occurs allergy by the time they are 5. (III) Similarly, infants who
when a large amount of lead is taken into the body over begin eating eggs at the age of 4 to 6 months are less
a short period of time. (IV) Lead poisoning is also likely to develop egg allergies. (IV) Being breastfed is
harmful to adults, in whom it can cause high blood essential to develop tolerance to allergens later in life.
pressure, digestive problems, nerve disorders, memory (V) Therefore, some guidelines in the US and Australia
loss, and muscle and joint pain. (V) On the other hand, now recommend carefully introducing infants to
chronic lead poisoning occurs when small amounts of potentially allergenic ingredients from the age of 4 to 6
lead are taken in over a longer period. months.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

64. (I) Gluten-free diets have recently been gaining attention

for their potential to manage gastrointestinal issues
such as acid reflux or irritable bowel syndrome.
(II) Probiotics – foods prepared with live, 'good' bacteria
such as yoghurt, kimchi and kefir – have been shown to
help with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, and
they may also be beneficial for people with weakened
immune systems. (III) But their long-term effects on
overall health are not yet fully known. (IV) Fermented
foods and drinks such as sauerkraut and kombucha are
gaining in popularity as well. (V) Their effects on health
again are not clear, but consuming them will not do any
harm and might improve microbial diversity in the gut.
65. (I) Cancer is a progressive disease, and goes through

several stages. (II) Many other diseases, besides
cancer, could produce the same symptoms. (III) Each
phase may produce a number of symptoms, some of
which may occur due to a tumour that is growing within
an organ or a gland. (IV) As the tumour grows, it may
press on the nearby nerves, organs and blood vessels.
(V) This causes pain and some pressure which may be
the earliest warning signs of cancer.


cevaplayınız. 67. Which of the following is true about food allergy
according to the passage?
A) It is thought that both genetic and environmental
What causes you to develop a food allergy in the first factors trigger food allergy.
place? Is it your genetic make-up? Something in your
food supply? Something you ate too much of as a kid? B) Non-identical twins have a higher likelihood of
A great deal of research has been devoted to answering developing food allergy.
these questions. The best evidence comes from studies
of peanut allergy in twins. Studies of peanut allergy in C) The validity of the mentioned twin studies on food
twins have provided the strongest proof that genes play allergy is prone to controversy.
a role in developing food allergy but are not exclusively
responsible. An important study shows that an identical D) If one of the identical twins has a food allergy, the
twin has a 64 percent chance of sharing a peanut other is bound to develop it as well.
allergy with the twin sibling who is allergic to peanut.
With non-identical twins, the risk drops to a mere 7 E) Allergy specialists think that studies on food allergies
percent. The study clearly demonstrates a strong should target adults rather than kids.
genetic link to peanut allergy but also proves that food
allergy is not purely a genetic disease. What leads one
of the identical twins to develop the allergy and spares
the second is unknown. Allergy specialists believe that
exposure to an allergen – in this case the food that
causes the allergy – plays a role in developing a food
allergy, but determining exactly what each twin is
exposed to in the uncontrolled testing environment of
daily living is nearly impossible. 68. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
A) The number of food allergy studies with identical twins
is larger than those with non-identical twins.
B) Figuring out exactly what foods each twin is exposed

to in the uncontrolled testing environment of daily
living is almost unattainable.
66. According to the passage, studies of peanut allergy
in twins ----. C) The discovery of a strong genetic link to food allergy
A) compare the genetic make-up of the twins besides suggests that there could soon be a treatment for it.
analysing their daily food consumption
D) The contribution of genetic factors outweighs that of
B) will no longer be carried out as they have not environmental factors in most allergy sufferers.
produced conclusive results
E) Food experiences during childhood have a greater
C) are the most promising ones for understanding the effect on the likelihood of developing an allergy in twin
siblings.
causes of food allergy
D) have proven that food allergy is no more than a

genetic disease
E) focus on the thorough genetic analysis of the twins

participating in the studies


cevaplayınız. 70. According to the passage, toddlers ----.
A) exhibit their disappointment by avoiding interaction
with others
The earliest acting out behaviours are often referred to
as temper tantrums. These behaviours are usually B) tend to cry and kick hands and feet to convey feelings
first observed in infants between the ages of 12 and of dissatisfaction
18 months of age. At that point, temper tantrums can
be considered a normal part of growth and C) will completely grow out of temper tantrums when they
development, and they are not necessarily caused by reach the age of four
the wrong behaviour of the parents. These early
tantrums are simply an infant’s attempt to communicate D) are easier to control than four-year-old children
feelings of dissatisfaction or extreme disappointment.
Observed behaviours in infants trying to express their E) might be more destructive compared to infants'
anger or frustration usually include angry-sounding observed cases of acting out
crying and kicking hands and feet. For toddlers, such
violent outbursts of temper often include hitting, kicking,
and biting others, and possibly self-injurious behaviours
such as head-banging. Temper tantrums can include
any highly emotional, disruptive, and unacceptable
outburst that appears to be the child’s reaction to unmet
needs or wishes. A primary reason for such emotional
lack of control in a child, especially above the age of
three or four, is having not learnt how to cope with their 71. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
own frustration. Such temper tantrums usually peak A) some displays of temper tantrums can be considered
between the ages of two and three. Because under a sign of serious mental problems
normal circumstances the child has learnt the necessary
lessons in how to deal with disappointment by the time B) self-injurious behaviours often bring other mental
he or she has reached the age of four, there is then a problems to be addressed immediately
noticeable decrease in this sort of acting out behaviour.
C) treatment of behavioural disorders in children such as
temper tantrums takes too much time
D) behaviours such as crying and kicking are extreme

though they significantly help toddlers calm down
E) temper tantrums might have one or multiple reasons

69. It is stated in the passage that temper tantrums in depending on a child’s age
infants ----.
A) commonly start to appear within the first year of life
B) can be assumed as typical and a part of natural

development process
C) are not usually observed in babies older than one and

a half years
D) will steadily increase to reach a peak at the age of four
E) are generally caused by the inappropriate behaviour of

the parents


cevaplayınız. 73. One can understand from the passage that ----.
A) a person stuck on a boat trip might have nausea with a
severe headache and drowsiness
The word 'nausea' evokes an awful experience: that
uneasy rolling-wave sensation in the stomach and head B) hunger can be considered as one of the possible
that often precedes vomiting. Terrible as it is, nausea is causes of nausea
also an expression of the body’s wisdom. Just as
hunger tells us to fill up when we need food, nausea C) people who have had nausea because of motion
conveys that we need to empty our stomachs. In the sickness must see a physician
case of food poisoning, for example, the most
appropriate response is to surrender to the feeling. D) dimenhydrinate is the most famous nausea medicine
Once you vomit, you reduce the damaging potential of a for its mild side effects
toxin or pathogen and usually feel better almost
instantly. There are times when nausea manifests E) having continual nausea may be an initial sign of
inappropriately, and repressing it becomes inevitable; some serious diseases
during motion sickness, for instance, when one’s
stomach feels upset on the deck of a rocking boat.
Therefore, a wide variety of pharmaceuticals are
available to treat nausea, of which dimenhydrinate is
among the most popular. However, side effects can
include headache, dizziness, and severe drowsiness. If
there seems to be no reason for a case of nausea and it
persists for more than two days, seeing a physician will
74. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
be the wisest option. This can be an early indicator of
serious problems including bowel cancer and A) patients should be aware of the length of nausea and
gallbladder disease or a potentially less serious the potential reasons for it
condition such as a migraine or the flu.
B) available pharmaceuticals for the treatment of nausea
have side effects without exception
C) nausea might be one of the side effects of the

pharmaceuticals available for any diseases
D) bowel cancer or gallbladder disease would cause

72. It is pointed out in the passage that ----. nausea more often than a migraine
A) after vomiting, it is normal to feel dizziness
E) physicians need to prescribe for nausea if there is an
obvious cause like a serious disease
B) food poisoning must be immediately medicated
C) nausea should be medicated if vomiting follows it
D) one with nausea can feel relief after vomiting
E) having a headache will inevitably lead to nausea


cevaplayınız. 76. The underlined word in the passage 'dormant' is
A) unlimited B) indispensable
Bacillus anthracis is the bacterium that causes anthrax.
The bacteria adopt long, rod-like shapes when they find C) inactive D) intolerable
themselves in an environment suitable for rapid growth,
such as the moist, nutrient-rich insides of an animal. E) unavoidable
Under arid conditions, however, the bacteria create
hard, nearly indestructible spores that can lie dormant
for a long time. When the spores are injected into
healthy mice, they turn back into B. anthracis, triggering
anthrax and killing the animals. Despite the existence of
effective vaccines, currently, anthrax is still a concern
worldwide due to its potential for being used as an
unconventional weapon in biological warfare. Dried and
kept in cold storage, the spores that cause anthrax will 77. What is the purpose of the author in writing the
survive for years, allowing for industrial-scale production passage?
and stockpiling of the material long before it is used
against soldiers on the battlefield. A) To give information about B. anthracis, which could be
used as a biological weapon
B) To warn people against coming into contact with mice

with B. anthracis
C) To criticise scientists and medical people for not taking

precautions against B. anthracis
75. Which of the following is true about the bacteria that
D) To draw attention to the inefficiency of the vaccines
cause anthrax? developed against anthrax
A) Humidity of the environment that will host the bacteria
serves an important function in their growth. E) To highlight the importance of cold storage for the
survival of spores created by B. anthracis
B) General health condition of the recipient of the
bacteria is of great significance for the spread of the
disease in humans.
C) Nutrient-rich insides of an animal lead the bacteria to

produce spores.
D) The shape of the bacteria remains the same despite

the environmental changes that allow rapid growth.
E) In arid conditions, they grow rapidly in a short time,

posing several threats to both animals and humans.


cevaplayınız. 79. It is pointed out in the passage that ----.
A) newborns diagnosed with vitamin K deficiency after
they are born are especially susceptible to liver
Doctors suspect vitamin K deficiency when abnormal dysfunction
bleeding occurs in people with conditions that put them
B) the only way of providing extra vitamin K for babies is
at risk. Blood tests to measure how well blood clots are
through injection in the muscle since other methods
done to help confirm the diagnosis. Knowing how much
are not effective
vitamin K people consume helps doctors interpret
results of their blood tests. Meanwhile, a vitamin K C) breastfeeding is very important for newborns since it is
injection in the muscle is recommended for all newborns extremely rich in vitamin K
to reduce the risk of bleeding within the brain after
delivery. Breastfed infants who have not received this D) if doctors suspect a drug of causing vitamin K
injection at birth are especially susceptible to vitamin deficiency in adults, they recommend that extra
K deficiency in adulthood because breast milk contains vitamin K be taken
only small amounts of vitamin K. Otherwise, vitamin K is
usually taken by mouth or given by injection under the E) adults prefer to take vitamin K by mouth rather than
skin. If a drug is the cause of the deficiency, the dose of injections since the first one is more practical
the drug is adjusted or extra vitamin K is given. Vitamin
K deficiency may also weaken bones. People who have
vitamin K deficiency and liver disorder may also need
blood transfusions to replenish the clotting factors. A
damaged liver may be unable to synthesise clotting
factors even after vitamin K injections are given.
80. One can conclude from the passage that ----.

A) vitamin K deficiency can be the main cause of liver
disorders
B) severe liver disorders are mostly accompanied by

78. It can be understood from the passage that ----. vitamin K deficiency
A) vitamin K injections may have negative effects on
bones if the dose cannot be adjusted carefully C) mothers can increase the amount of vitamin K in their
milk with an appropriate diet
B) vitamin K deficiency is experienced especially after the
loss of excessive amounts of blood D) breastfeeding does not provide any protection for
babies against bleeding risk
C) doctors may need multiple sources of information
before they diagnose whether a patient has vitamin K E) vitamin K injections can fall short of being useful if the
deficiency liver is not functioning properly
D) people should give an account of their daily vitamin K

intake for doctors to decide whether a blood
transfusion is necessary
E) blood tests run on blood clots may not always provide

doctors with reliable results
TEST BİTTİ.
OSYM001
2020 - YÖKDİL/1
01-03-2020
İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ İNGİLİZCE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ
1. D 48. B
2. A 49. B
3. B 50. A
4. E 51. C
5. D 52. A
6. A 53. E
7. D 54. C
8. B 55. A
9. D 56. D
10. B 57. C
11. E 58. C
12. E 59. B
13. C 60. C
14. A 61. D
15. C 62. C
16. C 63. D
17. A 64. A
18. E 65. B
19. C 66. C
20. B 67. A
21. C 68. B
22. E 69. B
23. B 70. E
24. D 71. E
25. A 72. D
26. C 73. E
27. B 74. A
28. D 75. A
29. E 76. C
30. D 77. A
31. C 78. C
32. B 79. D
33. B 80. E
34. B
35. C
36. C
37. A
38. D
39. B
40. C
41. B
42. D
43. D
44. A
45. C
46. A
47. A
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(2021-YÖKDİL/1)
İNGİLİZCE
SOSYAL BİLİMLER
28 MART 2021
BİL
1.-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yere

4. Centres and programmes that support excellence in
college and university teaching have grown ----
since the mid-20th century, and offer a broad range
of services and resources to various institutions.
1. Skills assessment tests try to find out how well you
A) accurately B) severely
are likely to satisfy the technical or operational ---- of
a job.
C) incidentally D) extensively
A) requirements B) solutions
E) temporarily
C) shortcomings D) conflicts
E) punishments
5. If people ---- a group, they want to be like the

group’s members and to hold similar characteristics
and opinions.
2. The introduction of printing was delayed in Europe
A) admire B) offend
because of the ---- of paper until the 14th century.
A) occupation B) variety C) leave D) divide
C) expansion D) absence E) defeat
E) validation
6. Millions of immigrants and refugees change homes

each year in pursuit of freedom, security, economic
3. The human face is a highly meaningful stimulus that betterment, or simply to ---- a more desirable
provides scholars with ---- information for adaptive environment in which to live.
social interaction with people.
A) turn down B) look for
A) weak B) deceptive
C) give up D) take off
C) redundant D) diverse
E) fall behind
E) erroneous

7. Native American tribes and nations ---- their own 10. With around 1.5 billion people living ---- its borders,
religions and political views long before Europeans China is currently the most populous land ---- the
---- their lands. globe.
A) had been developing / had been invading A) from / around B) into / under
B) were developing / have invaded C) throughout / upon D) within / across
C) have developed / had invaded E) about / for
D) developed / could have invaded
E) had developed / invaded
11. The search ---- gold and silver and the control of
their sources have had a significant influence ----
human history as a motivation for exploration, trade,
and conflicts.
8. London ---- the oldest and most comprehensive A) at / during B) for / on
subway system in the world today, and all of the
city’s train stations ---- by subway. C) about / beyond D) in / through
A) had / might be reached
E) towards / around
B) has had / could have been reached
C) has / can be reached
D) is having / may have been reached
E) will have / must be reached

12. ---- he was never regarded as a musical genius at a
very young age like Mozart or Mendelssohn,
Beethoven’s talent was quite impressive.
A) As long as B) Because
C) Even though D) Once
9. Our brains are the most flexible when we are young E) Provided that
children, as it is ---- this time that we learn the most
---- our environment.
A) before / for B) behind / without
C) between / across D) during / about
E) against / from

13. ---- attention is a process that is so widely 16. They are some of the oldest monuments in the
distributed throughout the brain, different systems world, ---- much about Egypt’s pyramids remains a
have been proposed to explain the varying types of mystery.
attention. A) but B) otherwise
A) Unless B) Once
C) as D) supposed that
C) After D) Because
E) once
E) As soon as
17. ---- the rationalists, who thought that we were born

14. Many animals can communicate with each other and with certain ideas about the world, 17th-century
share information basically; ----, humans are the philosopher John Locke claimed that our minds
only creatures who can communicate using were like a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth,
symbolic language. meaning we are not born with innate knowledge.
A) that is B) however A) With the help of B) On behalf of
C) accordingly D) likewise C) In terms of D) Unlike
E) as a result E) Together with
15. Computers and the Internet have greatly increased 18. ---- disagreements over the definition, meaning and
the amount and range of information available to value of privacy, most philosophers defend the
students ---- their benefits are often exaggerated in unique and fundamental value of privacy protection.
media reports. A) Such as B) In spite of
A) until B) even if
C) By means of D) Similar to
C) in order that D) in case
E) In the hope of
E) unless

19. Much of the overall increase in population between

now and 2050 is projected to occur ---- in high
fertility countries ---- in countries with large
populations.
A) so / that B) such / that
C) both / and D) as / as
E) the more / the more
20. Our rapidly changing society necessitates

continuous updating of knowledge and
competences in an evolving work environment
---- lifelong learning solutions are required.
A) how B) where
C) what D) whom
E) which


uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz. 23.
A) effectively B) reluctantly
Pedagogy is typically defined as the art and science of C) harshly D) instinctively

teaching. Teaching young children is a dynamic process
that demands not only that a teacher should have a fully E) adversely
realised vision of the goals and content present in a
curriculum but also a theoretical understanding of how
best (21)---- students to learn. (22)----, teachers must
develop and become expert at using a repertoire
of strategies. With this repertoire, they can respond
(23)---- to both an individual student’s learning and the
class as a whole. In other words, pedagogy is a
teacher’s toolkit that encompasses his or her
professional philosophy about teaching and the 24.
purposes of early education (24)---- a range of methods A) in case of B) as well as
for putting views into action. This toolkit can be
developed (25)---- professional preparation opportunities
C) with the exception of D) regardless of
and teachers’ individual experiences of schooling.
E) as opposed to
21.
A) to assist
25.
B) assisting
A) beyond B) over
C) to be assisted
C) below D) at
D) being assisted
E) through
E) having assisted
22.
A) Otherwise B) By comparison
C) In addition D) Instead
E) On the contrary


A) had been found
Described with majesty and respect in many historical B) would be found

texts, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were said to be
one of humanity’s greatest achievements. They were a C) will be found
multi-layered, irrigated paradise, and in many ways
they (26)---- the core values of Babylon: beauty, wealth D) have been found
and remarkable engineering skills. Some academics,
(27)----, consider them pure myth. After all, while the E) were being found
Hanging Gardens are mentioned in numerous later
texts, no documents from the time identifying them
(28)----. What is more, ‘Father of History’ Herodotus does
not mention them at all in his Histories, (29)---- visiting
the city and describing many of its other features in
detail. As a result, today debate rages fiercely
(30)---- whether or not these legendary gardens were
real. Unfortunately, while much of the region today
remains overrun by conflict, excavation work to pin 29.
down if the Hanging Gardens did once exist is not
possible. A) instead of B) prior to
C) despite D) due to
E) for the purpose of
26.
A) survived B) demanded
C) exemplified D) destroyed
30.
E) diminished
A) along B) without
C) for D) over
E) in
27.
A) however B) moreover
C) for instance D) at first
E) eventually


33. ---- if food security for all people in the world is to be
provided.
A) Supermarkets can now offer not only frozen and
packaged food, but also fresh food year-round from all
31. ----, they have no real evidence for what early society
over the world
was like.
A) Now that the glyph writing system of the Maya B) The way food is produced and distributed throughout
city-states were decoded by the archaeologists the world has changed dramatically since the
Industrial Revolution
B) When archaeologists use radiocarbon dating in the
sites with materials that contain carbon C) In a world where food is abundant as never before,
food supply is extremely vulnerable to economic and
C) Provided that an archaeological report describes political interests
everything a researcher did in the field and laboratory
D) Fundamental changes in global trade and the
D) Since many archaeological reports are now available international financial system must be introduced
online
E) Lack of access to food leads to undernourishment,
E) Although archaeologists can reconstruct what early a problem that affects more than 800 million people
people ate and how they made some artefacts
34. Because the vast changes in altitude and terrain in

32. While many people in the US are only aware of
Ecuador can make road travel slow and difficult, ----.
anti-war and peace movements from the period of
social unrest in the 1960s and 1970s, ----. A) taxis and buses provide non-stop city transport for
very reasonable fares
A) people and groups resist war and armed conflict for
various reasons B) telecommunication and electrical services in Ecuador
are state-owned and -operated
B) these efforts rarely receive mainstream attention in the
US C) tourists and Ecuadorians alike utilise in-country flights,
which serve as a more practical alternative
C) the goals of such movements vary according to the
dominant issue of the moment D) the country harbours a lot of holiday destinations and
tourist attractions
D) they concentrate on a variety of issues related to
violence, war, and oppression E) goods are still transported through rocky and tough
roads
E) these notions have been in existence since long
before

35. Although only the well-to-do could afford to have 37. ----, water has been a dominant factor in determining
their own carriage in Victorian England, ----. the location and distribution of human settlement in
A) electric trams were introduced at the end of the Afghanistan.
19th century A) Although many of the historically important towns are
located near rivers and streams
B) ordinary people could hire a private coach by making
arrangements in advance B) Since much of the country is covered by deserts and
receives little rain
C) the nobles often avoided using a public cab for
door-to-door transportation in town C) Whereas the country’s capital lies on the well-watered
plains of a river
D) the cabs for private use were too expensive for most
people’s ordinary daily use D) Despite the fact that 80 percent of the country’s
population is rural, utilising water sources on a large
E) the underground revolutionised the speed and cost of scale
urban transportation
E) Even if humid air from the Persian Gulf produces
summer showers in the southwest
36. ----, it nevertheless does contribute to carbon

emissions and climate change.
A) Because the transportability of natural gas makes it 38. ----, written communication continues to change
suitable for various uses both in speed and fluency.
A) As the world becomes increasingly interconnected via
B) While natural gas is cleaner compared to other fossil technologies such as e-mail and text messaging
fuels
B) Given that the Internet may have some undesirable
C) As long as natural gas fulfills a vital role in the global effects on written communication
supply of energy
C) Since the development of paper is thought to have
D) As natural gas has recently lost its role as a lighting facilitated communication for commoners
source
D) Although engaging in written communication over long
E) Since natural gas is a flammable mixture of distances has become much easier
hydrocarbon gases
E) Even though written communication is intricately
connected to the technology of writing

39. The earliest examples of plant and animal 41. Very few researchers have an interest in studying
domestication date back hundreds of thousands whistled languages ----.
of years, ----. A) whereas their intelligibility does not always match that
A) as domestication changed the natural behaviour and of spoken languages
characteristics of the plants and animals
B) although the populations that use them are located in
B) although the domestication of their environment was a isolated areas
great survival technique of the human population
C) so that they are most ideally used in areas with high
C) instead, the domestication of plants and animals took noise concentrations
place in a single limited area
D) if users could detect an entire sentence from long
D) whereas domestication was one of the most distances
fundamental changes in human history
E) even though such speech has been around since
E) but the environmental effects of those lifestyle ancient times
changes are still apparent today
40. The modern concept of sport refers mainly to

organised physical activities such as football,
basketball, or table tennis, ----.
A) however, modern sports evolved mainly in the West
during the time of the Industrial Revolution
B) thus it leaves out board and card games such as

bridge, chess, or poker
C) as there is no evidence that sports are necessary for

human existence
D) yet basketball has now become one of the most

popular sports around the world
E) in other words, sports as a form of cultural expression

reflects a culture’s history


43. The Europeans' exploration of the world began in
the second half of the 15th century when the desire
to find a sea route to the East led the Portuguese to
make a series of voyages to the west coast of Africa.
42. People with disabilities have always been part of
A) Doğu'ya deniz yolu bulma arzusunun Portekizlileri
society, but what has changed is how society
Afrika’nın batı sahiline bir dizi seyahat
defines these differences and how people with
gerçekleştirmeye yönelttiği 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı,
special needs are treated. Avrupalıların dünyayı keşfinin başladığı zamandır.
A) Toplumun her zaman bir parçası olan engellilere
yönelik farklılıkların tanımlanması ve özel ihtiyacı olan B) Avrupalıların dünyayı keşfi, Doğu'ya deniz yolu bulma
insanlara nasıl davranıldığı konularında değişim arzusunun Portekizlileri Afrika’nın batı sahiline bir dizi
meydana gelmiştir. seyahat gerçekleştirmeye yönelttiği 15. yüzyılın ikinci
yarısında başlamıştır.
B) Engelliler toplumun her zaman bir parçası olmuşlardır,
ancak değişen şey toplumun bu farklılıkları nasıl C) Avrupalıların dünyayı keşfi, Doğu'ya deniz yolu bulma
tanımladığı ve özel ihtiyaçları olan insanlara nasıl arzusunun Portekizlileri Afrika'nın batı sahiline bir dizi
davranıldığı olmuştur. seyahat gerçekleştirmeye yönelttiği 15. yüzyılın ikinci
yarısına dayanmaktadır.
C) Engelliler toplumun her zaman bir parçası olsa da
toplumun onların bu farklılıklarının tanımlanması ve D) Avrupalıların dünyayı keşfi, 15. yüzyılın ikinci
özel ihtiyaçları olan insanlara nasıl davranıldığına yarısında, Portekizlilerin Doğu'ya deniz yolu bulma
yönelik yaklaşımı değişmiştir. arzusuyla Afrika’nın batı sahiline yönelerek bir dizi
seyahat gerçekleştirmesiyle başlamıştır.
D) Toplumun her zaman bir parçası olan engellilerin
farklılıklarının tanımlanma biçimi ve özel ihtiyaçları E) Avrupalıların dünyayı keşfi, Doğu'ya deniz yolu bulma
olan insanlara yönelik davranış biçimleri değişime arzusu ile Afrika’nın batı sahiline yönelen
uğramıştır. Portekizlilerin bir dizi seyahat gerçekleştirmesiyle,
15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında başlamıştır.
E) Engelliler her zaman toplumun bir parçası olmalarına
rağmen toplumun bu farklılıkları nasıl tanımladığı ve
özel ihtiyaçları olan insanlara nasıl davrandığı
konularında değişim yaşanmıştır.

44. Some scholars argue that most European cultures 45. As coffee spread from its native Africa to the Middle
stem from ancient Celts, who migrated from what is East, then to Europe and other parts of the world, it
now Eastern Europe to the British Isles in the was transformed from the drink of a select few to a
9th century BCE. product consumed by the masses.
A) Çoğu Avrupa kültürünün antik Keltlerden geldiğine A) Kahve, ana vatanı Afrika’dan Orta Doğu’ya, oradan da
inanan bazı araştırmacılar, Keltlerin MÖ 9. yüzyılda Avrupa ve dünyanın diğer bölgelerine yayıldıkça
günümüzde Doğu Avrupa olarak bilinen bölgeden seçkin bir azınlığın içeceğinden kitlelerin tükettiği bir
Britanya Adaları’na göç ettiğini öne sürmektedir. ürüne dönüşmüştür.
B) Bazı araştırmacılara göre, MÖ 9. yüzyılda günümüzde B) Ana vatanı Afrika’dan Orta Doğu’ya, oradan da Avrupa
Doğu Avrupa olarak bilinen bölgeden Britanya ve dünyanın diğer bölgelerine yayılan kahve, önceleri
Adaları’na göç eden antik Keltler, çoğu Avrupa seçkin bir azınlığın içeceğiyken kitlelerin tükettiği bir
kültürünün temelini teşkil etmektedir. ürün hâline gelmiştir.
C) MÖ 9. yüzyılda Doğu Avrupa’dan Britanya Adaları’na C) Kahve, ana vatanı Afrika’da seçkin bir azınlığın
göç eden antik Keltlerin bugünkü çoğu Avrupa içeceğiyken Orta Doğu’ya, oradan da Avrupa ve
kültürünün kökenini oluşturduğu, bazı araştırmacılar dünyanın diğer bölgelerine yayıldıkça kitlelerin
tarafından iddia edilmektedir. tükettiği bir ürüne dönüşmüştür.
D) Bazı araştırmacılar, çoğu Avrupa kültürünün MÖ D) Kahveyi seçkin bir azınlığın içeceği olmaktan çıkarıp
9. yüzyılda günümüzde Doğu Avrupa olarak bilinen kitlelerin tükettiği bir ürüne dönüştüren şey, ana vatanı
bölgeden Britanya Adaları’na göç eden antik Afrika’dan Orta Doğu’ya, oradan da Avrupa ve
Keltlerden geldiğini öne sürmektedir. dünyanın diğer bölgelerine yayılması olmuştur.
E) Günümüzdeki çoğu Avrupa kültürünün MÖ 9. yüzyılda E) İlk zamanlarında seçkin bir azınlığın içeceği olarak
Doğu Avrupa’dan Britanya Adaları’na göç eden antik bilinen kahve, ana vatanı Afrika’dan Orta Doğu’ya,
Keltlerden geldiğini öne süren bazı araştırmacılar oradan da Avrupa ve dünyanın diğer bölgelerine
vardır. yayılması sonucunda kitlelerin tükettiği bir ürüne
dönüşmüştür.

46. Although cities provide the optimum context for 47. Despite advances in understanding of the anatomy
social activities, daily life conditions in cities are and physiology of pain and the development of
becoming increasingly more difficult. treatments based on sophisticated technology,
A) Şehirlerdeki günlük yaşam koşulları gittikçe daha zor chronic pain continues to be a prevalent and costly
bir hâle gelse bile şehirler sosyal aktiviteler için en problem.
uygun ortamlardır. A) Ağrının anatomisinin ve fizyolojisinin anlaşılmasındaki
ilerlemelere ve üst düzey teknolojiye dayalı tedavilerin
B) Şehirlerdeki günlük yaşam koşulları gittikçe daha zor geliştirilmesine rağmen, kronik ağrı yaygın ve maliyetli
bir hâl almaktadır, ancak şehirler sosyal aktiviteler için bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir.
en uygun ortamı sunar.
B) Ağrının anatomisi ve fizyolojisi konusunda ilerlemeler
C) Sosyal aktiviteler için en uygun ortamı sağlayan kaydedilmiş ve üst düzey teknolojiye bağlı tedaviler
şehirlerdeki günlük yaşam koşulları gittikçe daha zor geliştirilmiştir, ancak kronik ağrı yaygın ve maliyetli bir
bir hâl almaktadır. sorun olmaya hâlâ devam etmektedir.
D) Şehirler sosyal aktiviteler için en uygun ortamı sağlasa C) Kronik ağrı, anatomisinin ve fizyolojisinin
da şehirlerdeki günlük yaşam koşulları gittikçe daha anlaşılmasındaki ilerlemelere ve üst düzey teknolojik
zor bir hâle gelmektedir. tedavilerin geliştirilmesine rağmen, yaygın bir sorun
olmaya devam etmektedir ve tedavisi maliyetlidir.
E) Sosyal aktiviteler için en uygun ortam şehirlerde
D) Hâlâ yaygın ve maliyetli bir sorun olan kronik ağrıya
bulunmasına rağmen şehirlerdeki günlük yaşam
karşı üst düzey teknolojik tedavilerin geliştirilmesi,
koşulları gittikçe daha zor bir hâl almaktadır.
ağrının anatomisinin ve fizyolojisinin anlaşılmasındaki
ilerlemeler sayesinde olmuştur.
E) Ağrının anatomisinin ve fizyolojisinin anlaşılmasındaki

ilerlemeler sayesinde üst düzey teknolojiye dayalı
tedaviler geliştirilmiş olsa bile kronik ağrı yaygın ve
maliyetli bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir.


49. Amazon yağmur ormanları insan topluluklarının
varlığı için uygun olmayan bir yer olarak
tanıtılagelmiştir, fakat yeni çalışmalar çeşitli eski
toplulukların bölgede tarım yaptıklarını öne
48. Immanuel Kant, deneyciliğin ve doğa bilimlerinin sürmektedir.
oluşmasına katkıda bulunan bir düşünce sistemi
geliştirdiği için 19. yüzyıldan itibaren diğer A) While current studies suggest that numerous ancient
Aydınlanma Dönemi düşünürlerinden daha etkili societies practiced agriculture in the Amazon
rainforest, the region has been introduced as a place
olmuştur.
unsuitable for the presence of human societies.
A) Immanuel Kant, who has been more influential than
any other Enlightenment philosopher since the 19th B) The Amazon rainforest, introduced as a place
century, constructed a system of reason in order to unsuitable for the presence of human societies, has
contribute to the emergence of empiricism and the been shown by recent studies to be a region where
natural sciences. various ancient societies practiced agriculture.
B) The reason why Immanuel Kant has been more C) The Amazon rainforest has been introduced as a
influential than any other Enlightenment philosopher place unsuitable for the presence of human societies;
since the 19th century is that he contributed to the however, several ancient societies have been reported
emergence of empiricism and the natural sciences by new studies to practice agriculture in the region.
with the system of reason he developed.
D) Although the Amazon rainforest has been introduced
C) Thanks to his contributions to the emergence of as a place unsuitable for the presence of human
societies, new studies have revealed that some
empiricism and the natural sciences through a system
ancient societies practiced agriculture in the region.
of reason he constructed, Immanuel Kant has been
more influential than any other Enlightenment
E) The Amazon rainforest has been introduced as a
philosopher since the 19th century.
place unsuitable for the presence of human societies,
but new studies suggest that various ancient societies
D) Immanuel Kant has been more influential than any
practiced agriculture in the region.
other Enlightenment philosopher since the 19th
century because he constructed a system of reason
which contributed to the emergence of empiricism and
the natural sciences.
E) Immanuel Kant, who developed a system of reason,

contributed to the emergence of empiricism and the
natural sciences, which is why he has been deemed
more influential than any other Enlightenment
philosopher since the 19th century.

50. Klasik koşullanma, davranışçılık olarak bilinen 51. İlk medeniyetlerdeki nüfuslar yoğunlaştıkça ve
psikoloji ekolünde önemli bir kavramdır ve davranış kasabalar şehirleştikçe bazı insan toplulukları bir
terapisinde kullanılan bazı tekniklerin temelini dizi yeni özelliklere sahip olmaya başladılar.
oluşturmaktadır. A) A series of new features emerged in some human
A) Providing the basis for some of the techniques used societies when populations grew in density and towns
in behaviour therapy, classical conditioning is an turned into cities in early civilisations.
important concept in the school of psychology known
as behaviourism. B) A range of new characteristics were developed in
some human societies in early civilisations as
B) Classical conditioning, which is a key concept in the populations became denser and towns transformed
school of psychology known as behaviourism, lays the into cities.
foundation for some of the techniques used in
behaviour therapy. C) In early civilisations, some human societies began to
demonstrate a series of new characteristics as a result
C) Classical conditioning is an important concept in the of populations increasing in density and towns growing
school of psychology known as behaviourism, and it into cities.
forms the basis for some of the techniques used in
behaviour therapy. D) With populations becoming denser and towns turning
into cities in early civilisations, it was possible for
D) The school of psychology known as behaviourism some human societies to develop a group of new
sees classical conditioning as an important concept, features.
and some of the techniques used in behaviour therapy
are based on it. E) As populations increased in density and towns grew
into cities in early civilisations, some human societies
E) Classical conditioning is a fundamental concept in the began to take on a set of new characteristics.
school of psychology known as behaviourism, and
some of the techniques used in behaviour therapy
have originated from it.

52. Kıtlıkların hâlâ meydana geliyor olması küresel 53. Roma, MÖ 509 yılında bir cumhuriyet hâline
ölçekli gıda eksikliğinin değil, gıdanın yerel geldiğinde, karar alma gücü bulunan bir grup yaşlı
dağıtımıyla ilgili olanlar da dâhil olmak üzere siyasi devlet adamından oluşan Senato dâhil olmak üzere,
ve sosyal sorunların bir sonucudur. eski monarşik düzenin bazı unsurlarını korumuştur.
A) A global food shortage is not responsible for the fact A) The Senate, a group of elder statesmen with
that famines still occur, which is rather caused by decision-making powers, was preserved even after
political and social problems such as those linked to Rome became a republic in 509 BCE as some
local distribution of food. elements of the old monarchical system were to be
retained.
B) Famines that still occur are a consequence of not only
a global food shortage but also political and social B) When Rome became a republic in 509 BCE, it
problems associated with local distribution of food. retained some of the elements of the old monarchical
system, including the Senate comprised of a group of
C) Although there is not a global food shortage, famines elder statesmen with decision-making powers.
still occur due to political and social problems such as
those resulting from local distribution of food. C) Rome became a republic in 509 BCE; however,
certain elements of the old monarchical system such
D) The fact that famines still occur is not a consequence as the Senate, consisting of a group of elder
of a global food shortage, but of political and social statesmen having decision-making powers, was
problems, including those associated with local maintained.
distribution of food.
D) Although Rome became a republic in 509 BCE, it
E) Political and social problems, including those related maintained some of the elements of the old
to local distribution of food, are contributing to the fact monarchical system, including the Senate, a group of
that famines do still occur, along with a global food elder statesmen with decision-making powers.
shortage.
E) Preserving certain elements of the old monarchical
system such as the Senate, which included a group of
elder statesmen having decision-making powers,
Rome became a republic in 509 BCE.


sağlamak için boş bırakılan yere getirilebilecek 55. Before World War II, Brazil was the leading world
cümleyi bulunuz. producer of many agricultural goods. Sugar, rubber,
and coffee were important exports. Yet, price
variations in the world market for these
54. Anthropology literally means the science of commodities left the Brazilian economy vulnerable.
mankind. The word was used in this broad sense in After the war, the government succeeded in rapidly
English for several centuries. In the 18th century, industrialising the economy in order to diversify and
and even for most of the 19th century, it was decrease its dependency on imported goods. ----
conceived as a primarily physiological study, though However, the country’s growing prosperity was
there were always those who insisted that damaged by the inflation caused by budget deficits.
anthropology should study body, soul, and the
A) The agricultural sector of Brazil represented a larger
relations between them. ---- What remained was
percentage of the gross domestic product than
primarily ‘cultural’ anthropology and an emphasis
industry before World War II.
on the variety of human societies.
A) This meant an emphasis on primitive societies which B) Brazil became one of the only industrialised nations of
can be studied in a more comprehensive way. South America and an important exporter of
manufactured goods.
B) It is usually impossible to study advanced societies in
detail and compare them with primitive ones. C) Besides economic factors, Portuguese and African
immigrants had a remarkable impact on the social life
C) After the discovery of the DNA in 1953, physical in Brazil for a long time.
anthropology became more significant than it had ever
been. D) The government debt, which highly increased during
the 1980s, was due mainly to the borrowing of new
D) This has often cast the anthropologist in the role of the money to implement economic plans in the country.
defender as well as the interpreter of the values of
societies. E) Major imports were machinery and equipment,
chemical products, oil, and electricity, most of which
E) With the development of zoology, sociology, and came from the United States.
economics, anthropology lost a great deal of its
territory.

56. The purpose of a library, whether paper or digital, is 57. The world’s longest river, stretching for about
to facilitate communication across space and time 6,400 km from the African tropics to the
by selecting, preserving, organising, and making Mediterranean Sea, the Nile was a great source of
accessible documents of all kinds. ---- For example, life flowing through the heart of ancient Egypt. With
technological methods of information retrieval make much of the country covered in inhospitable desert,
it possible to index books at the level of chapters, or civilisation grew up along the river’s banks. ----
even at the level of sections and paragraphs. The Egyptians relied on it for transportation and
However, just as a paper library can provide too entertainment, and to plant their crops on its
many books, digital libraries can provide an even nutrient-rich banks.
greater overabundance of documents, chapters, and A) Ancient people living along the Nile wore jewellery to
passages. honour their gods.
A) Some digital library collections contain images created
with human effort. B) High rainfall near the Nile’s source would cause the
waters to rise rapidly.
B) Like all professions, librarianship offers specialties and
subspecialties. C) The farming year in ancient Egypt began following the
annual flooding of the Nile.
C) Digital libraries provide many opportunities to improve
upon paper libraries. D) Pharaohs would ride on large ceremonial boats on
important occasions along the Nile.
D) A library must have a collection of materials that carry
information. E) Every aspect of ancient Egyptian daily life depended
on the Nile.
E) People tend to associate the word ‘librarian’ with
anyone who works in a paper library.

58. North America was an arena of conflict between 59. In 1925, Le Corbusier, the Swiss-French architect
British and French colonialism in the mid-18th suggested demolishing the homes, statues, and
century. The British victory in the French and Indian streets of much of Paris’s Right Bank. In their place,
War of 1754-63 settled this issue in Britain’s favour, he proposed erecting 18 glass towers, divided by
but disagreements between Britain and its thirteen lawns for pedestrians and elevated highways for
North American colonies arose in the aftermath of cars. ---- A quote attributed to him leaves no doubt
the war. ---- Escalating conflict led them to unite in as to which side he was on: “Progress is achieved
declaring independence in 1776 and, with French through experimentation; the decision will be
help, they defeated British efforts to suppress the awarded on the field of battle of the new.’’
rebellion, which led to the establishment of the A) Le Corbusier contended that lovers of antique
United States of America. architecture and progressive thinkers were at war
A) Most colonists who had remained loyal to Britain left about how humans should live.
the country, many moving to Canada, which remained
in British hands. B) Based on the need for security and housing, or other
facilities, most people preferred to move to a new
B) Born of an uprising against the British rule in 1776, the neighbourhood.
United States of America was a new kind of state
embodying the principles of democracy. C) High-rise buildings similar to those envisioned by
Le Corbusier have recently been dotting various urban
C) The new United States had an initial population of districts across China.
around 4 million, similar in size to the population of
Ireland at that time. D) Le Corbusier was one of the pioneers of modernism in
architecture and insisted on this extraordinary
suggestion.
D) The war was followed by a burst of economic growth
that radically changed the nature of the United States
of America. E) Some leaders suggested that we should live in dense
urban areas with public transit and walkable facilities.
E) Colonists disputing the right of the British Parliament
to impose taxes and duties on them staged rebellious
acts that provoked a repressive response.


parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi 62. (I) All governments have some laws requiring location
bulunuz. and protection of historic and archaeological sites, at
least on public lands. (II) Important historic buildings,
objects, or archaeological sites are only a few of
60. (I) Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to cultural resources of a nation. (III) Historic preservation
1603. (II) During that time, England began its rise to specialists may work in private foundations or
become the empire ‘on which the sun never sets’. government agencies to achieve these goals. (IV) In
(III) In her reign, popular culture flourished; her court addition, they work as lobbyists with legislators to
became a focal point for writers, musicians, and improve laws or raise funds to protect sites.
scholars such as Shakespeare and Francis (V) Sometimes they spend more time raising money
Bacon. (IV) Elizabeth inherited an England that was and public awareness than digging operations.
troubled by inflation, bankruptcy, disastrous wars, and A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
religious conflict. (V) She also encouraged a spirit of free
inquiry that in turn facilitated the Scientific Revolution
and the Age of Enlightenment.
63. (I) The Aborigines have a belief system based on events

believed to have occurred in what is called the Dream
Time, in which mystic ancestors gave shape to the
landscape. (II) The events that occurred in the Dream
61. (I) Poultry, birds kept for their meat and eggs, have long Time are considered to be sacred. (III) A form of
figured in human symbolism and legend. (II) Geese communal ceremony to imitate such events involves a
supposedly saved ancient Rome from a surprise attack dramatic ritual based upon this magico-religious
in the 4th century BCE by cackling loudly when the tradition. (IV) There are records of white settlers enjoying
invaders tried to sneak up on the Capitol. (III) Pigeons the spectacle of scripted plays by the Aborigines in the
were offered as sacrifices by the Hebrews of the Bible. 19th century as a sort of novelty. (V) It consists of song
(IV) The 16th-century Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel the cycles, dancing, and mime in a cleared performance
Elder used the turkey as a symbol of envy in his series space, and the belief is that performers are born with a
of paintings on the seven deadly sins. (V) The chicken gift for performing.
has always been one of the most familiar domesticated A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
animals since almost any family could afford to keep a
hen.
64. (I) When we are sleeping, there is a brain mechanism

that stops the neural activity associated with dreaming
from triggering speech or body movements, but this
system is not perfect, and sometimes signals can get
through. (II) This can lead to mumbling and groaning,
and sometimes even proper speech while sleeping.
(III) There are laboratory experiments proving that stress
can increase the likelihood of body movements during
sleep. (IV) The content of sleep talking can be complex
and usually varies from person to person. (V) It may be
influenced by recent events in the sleeper’s life, but can
be strange and nonsensical.

65. (I) There has been much discussion of the potential

consequences of early bilingualism. (II) Historically,
early bilingualism was seen as dangerous, leading to
language disorders and language delay.
(III) Bilingualism is often the product of second
language learning after the first language has been
acquired. (IV) Research has made clear that early
bilingualism may well bring cognitive advantages,
particularly in domains such as helping children
understand the arbitrary nature of language systems.
(V) Nonetheless, such advantages are also small – they
are only a few months ahead of monolingual children in
accomplishing some tasks.

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66.-68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 67. According to the passage, some parts of the city
having ancient heritage ----.
A) have lately undergone some restorations
There is only one Turkish word that a foreigner should
learn before visiting Gaziantep: fıstık (pistachio). This B) attract tourists from all around the world
fast-paced and gourmet city is believed to harbour more
than 180 pastry shops producing the world’s most C) have recently lost their past magnificence
famous pistachio baklava. Other gastronomic treats are
also on offer for adventurous foodie travellers. On the D) are now being renovated with extreme care to attract
other hand, Gaziantep is also known for its historic more tourists
places. Some of them, including the fortress, bazaars,
caravanserai and old stone houses, have been recently E) were under risk of demolition before they were
restored. One of south eastern Anatolia’s gateways, restored
Gaziantep, formerly known as Aintab, has rarely been
as full of confidence and hope for the future as it is
today because it witnessed great conflicts and wars in
history. By the time the Arabs conquered the town in
638, the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Romans
and the Byzantines had all left their imprints on
Gaziantep. The region was politically unstable until the
Seljuk Turks arrived from the east around 1070. It was
later taken over by the Ottomans in 1516 and has 68. It is clearly stated in the passage that before the
remained predominantly populated by Turks since then. arrival of the Seljuk Turks, ----.
A) great empires fiercely battled with each other in an
effort to not surrender the city
B) the Byzantines had the most significant impact on

Gaziantep
C) Gaziantep was a region that lacked political stability

66. According to the passage, Gaziantep’s cuisine ----.
A) has always been popular among foodie travellers D) Turks mainly lived in regions neighbouring Gaziantep
B) offers several different pastries made with pistachio E) the city suffered from serious political conflicts caused
by the Arabs
C) is known worldwide for its pistachio baklava
D) includes authentic foods from diverse civilisations
E) has delicious dishes whose names tourists learn even

before visiting the city


cevaplayınız. 70. The author of the passage states that in Tolstoy’s
novels, ----.
A) characters seek happiness in various fields of life,
Do we all pursue happiness? Is happiness something having no satisfying and long-lasting outcomes
that can be chased and sometimes captured? The
phrase ‘the pursuit of happiness’ contains at least two B) the pursuit of romantic love as a means to attain
major assumptions: firstly, happiness lies outside of us, happiness is ridiculed
out there in the world; and secondly, it is elusive,
requiring intention and effort to capture it. The novels of C) though the promise of happiness is deceptive, some
Leo Tolstoy explore these assumptions in great depth. characters could achieve it with ease
His books are filled with characters in feverish pursuit of
happiness in many different ways. Yet few, if any, D) characters seek to achieve bliss although they are
manage to attain it. Indeed, his stories often portray aware of its temporary nature
tempting yet deceptive pathways that promise
happiness but end with disasters: soldiers seeking the E) joining battles is shown to bring happiness to soldiers
glory of battle; young men and women plunging into the in every aspect of life
insanity of romantic love; greed addicts pursuing wealth,
power, or status. They often experience a temporary
bliss, which then fades away, leaving behind emptiness.
True, sustainable happiness, as opposed to temporary
pleasure, is a state of well-being and the harmony of all
aspects of one’s life – especially in relationships. But
the more manically Tolstoy’s characters pursue
happiness, the more it escapes them. Hence the
paradox in Tolstoy’s works is that the pursuit of 71. According to the author, the irony implied in
happiness seems to result in deep unhappiness. Tolstoy’s works is that ----.
A) even though happiness is elusive in nature, it can still
be attained if there is the will to do so
B) the more one tries to attain happiness, the more

sadness this chase leads to
C) the harmony in one’s relationships will not necessarily

69. According to the passage, the ‘pursuit of happiness’ bring sustainable happiness
as a phrase ----.
D) the temporary bliss one feels later turns into intense
A) means that one cannot really capture happiness happiness
because it is not within people’s reach
E) feverish pursuit of happiness is always bound to cause
B) indicates that few people make an effort to attain true, disasters in romantic love
sustainable happiness
C) constitutes part of human nature that one should seek

to attain through interaction
D) implies that happiness is an external concept that

could be chased and achieved
E) is a title of one of Tolstoy’s novels where he explores

the nature of happiness


cevaplayınız. 73. It can be understood from the passage that the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ----.
A) was initially meant to be a national association but
Scientific academies and associations played a key role now functions as an international one
in the development of science prior to the 20th century,
providing a way for scientists to meet with each other B) is a less active association than the Royal Society in
and sponsoring publications in journals and books as a the UK although it has more international members
way to disseminate scientific knowledge so that it could
be shared by everyone. These roles have continued C) is like the Royal Society in the UK in many ways even
through the 20th century and into the 21st century. though it was founded much later
Scientific associations are usually found organised
along national lines or within scientific disciplines. The D) is the most important international association that
Royal Society in the United Kingdom, founded in 1660, engages in media relations
is the premier example of a national society; it has
remained vigorous, publishing journals, funding E) serves a remarkable function in the advancement of
research, and electing distinguished scientists to be international research
fellows of the society. Other prominent national societies
have played more important roles. The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences, for instance, selects the winners
of the scientific Nobel prizes and plays a much stronger
role in promoting research in different fields and
countries. National associations often function as a
method to promote interdisciplinary research, as do the
broader international associations. Today, almost every
74. According to the passage, scientific associations
scientific discipline has an association that also
engages in media relations, campaigns for funding and ----.
promotion of science as a way to knowledge. One of the A) were initially founded for the quick circulation of
best ways for historians to see that a scientific innovative interdisciplinary research
subdiscipline has been successfully created is to look
for the founding of the accompanying association. B) are a sign of the successful establishment of
a scientific subdiscipline
C) are criticised by scientists unless they support

international and interdisciplinary research
D) should commit themselves to research to encourage

more Nobel prize winners
72. The underlined word in the passage ‘disseminate’ is
E) give priority to fund-raising and receiving support
through media relations
A) refute B) spread
C) possess D) substitute
E) approve


cevaplayınız. 76. It is stated in the passage that Japan ----.
A) is the only developed country that has a higher life
expectancy than the US
Life expectancy is the average number of years to be
lived by an individual or a population at a given age. B) is currently the country with the highest life expectancy
The term is often confused with a related term, life span, in the world
which refers to the age to which the longest-lived
members of a species survive. The life expectancy of a C) has been cooperating with countries in southern
country has been shown to be related to its Europe to increase its life expectancy
socioeconomic development. Most countries that are
classified as ‘more developed’ have higher levels of life D) does better on life expectancy at birth, but not overall
expectancy at birth than most of the countries classified life expectancy
as ‘developing’. While the US has a high level of life
expectancy compared to that of the developing E) has witnessed a dramatic improvement in life
countries of the world, it ranks quite low in life expectancy despite high mortality rates from heart
expectancy among developed countries. Japan and disease
most European countries including some in southern
Europe have higher life expectancies at birth than the
US for both males and females. In recent years, Japan
has become the world leader in life expectancy at birth.
The success of the Japanese in raising their levels of
life expectancy has been due to large declines in
mortality from heart disease relative to other developed
countries. 77. The passage is mainly about ----.
A) the difference between life expectancy and life span
B) how to increase life expectancy in developing

countries
C) life expectancy differences across genders

75. We can infer from the passage that life expectancy
----. D) international differences in life expectancy
A) is a concept that developing countries pay more
attention to E) socioeconomic causes and outcomes of life
expectancy
B) is not as reliable as life span in evaluating the
socioeconomic development of a country
C) is noted as the most important difference between

developed and developing countries
D) could be used as an indicator of a country’s level of

socioeconomic development
E) refers to the age to which the longest-lived members

of a species can reach


cevaplayınız. 79. The underlined word in the passage ‘unfounded’ is
A) undeniable B) irreversible
It has been estimated that the average child in the US
spends more time each week watching TV than C) respectable D) groundless
attending school. This is of great concern, as a
surprisingly large proportion of what children watch is E) threatening
violent. Saturday morning cartoons, for example,
present as many as twenty violent acts per hour.
Despite this concern, the producers of violent
programming have often continued to claim that children
will not imitate what they see in those programmes. This
claim has sounded unfounded to psychologists ever
since Albert Bandura’s classic 'Bobo doll' studies in the
early 1960s. In his seminal experiment, Bandura
showed pre-schoolers a film of an adult playing with a 80. It can be understood from the passage that the
new toy, known at the time as a Bobo doll. The adult in experiment carried out by Albert Bandura is
the film committed abuse on the toy in various ways, significant ----.
punching it, kicking it, striking its head with a hammer,
and throwing other toys at it, all the while clearly A) but it has not received the attention it deserves over
enjoying herself. The children were then led into a room the decades
with various toys in it, including the Bobo doll. Children
who had seen the film were far more likely to beat up B) because it was the first psychological experiment that
the doll than children who had not. This prompted used toys
Bandura to describe a new type of learning theory:
social learning or modelling. C) since it was conducted in collaboration with producers
of TV programmes
D) although more and more evidence now is in

contradiction with its findings
E) as it led to the development of a new type of learning

theory
78. Children’s excessive exposure to TV in the US is
concerning because ----.
A) most of the children do poorly on school subjects
B) there is not enough empirical evidence on how it

affects children
C) producers admit that children may act out what they

see on TV
D) violence is present in much of the content children

watch
E) children mostly prefer violent TV shows to cartoons
TEST BİTTİ.
OSYM001
2021 YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI YABANCI DİL SINAVI - 1
2021 - YÖKDİL/1
28-03-2021
1. A 48. D
2. D 49. E
3. D 50. C
4. D 51. E
5. A 52. D
6. B 53. B
7. E 54. E
8. C 55. B
9. D 56. C
10. D 57. E
11. B 58. E
12. C 59. A
13. D 60. D
14. B 61. E
15. B 62. B
16. A 63. D
17. D 64. C
18. B 65. C
19. C 66. C
20. B 67. A
21. A 68. C
22. C 69. D
23. A 70. A
24. B 71. B
25. E 72. B
26. C 73. E
27. A 74. B
28. D 75. D
29. C 76. B
30. D 77. D
31. E 78. D
32. E 79. D
33. D 80. E
34. C
35. B
36. B
37. B
38. A
39. E
40. B
41. E
42. B
43. B
44. D
45. A
46. D
47. A
YABANCI DİL SINAVI
(2021-YÖKDİL/2)
İNGİLİZCE
SOSYAL BİLİMLER
29 AĞUSTOS 2021
BİL
1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

4. Originating in China and voyaging first in trading
caravans and then along maritime routes, tea
---- conquered Western tastes.
A) accurately B) similarly
1. Rome fought three great wars against the
Phoenician city of Carthage in Africa, which ended
C) presently D) adversely
with the total destruction of Carthage and the ---- of
its inhabitants in 146 BCE.
E) gradually
A) accumulation B) commitment
C) negotiation D) enslavement
E) correspondence
5. Infants become emotionally attached to the people

with whom they ---- most often and most lovingly.
A) consult B) compete
C) quarrel D) interact
2. Cambodia is one of the world’s poorest economies,
and thus economic development is its highest ----.
E) speculate
A) reflection B) triumph
C) structure D) priority
E) sanction
6. The domestication of fire by humans was the first

great ecological transformation ---- by humans, as it
changed forever the way humans dealt with their
surroundings.
A) brought about B) pulled down
3. The sociology of knowledge is a discipline ---- to
investigating the role played by conventions, C) filled out D) put through
institutions, traditions and interests in the creation
and evaluation of knowledge. E) given up
A) convertible B) sentenced
C) devoted D) vulnerable
E) harmful

7. By the 20th century, photography ---- so 10. As Minoans established settlements ---- the
advanced that sports ---- and illustrated in daily Mediterranean world along an extensive trade route
newspapers. with Egypt, Syria, the Aegean islands, and mainland
A) had become / were being photographed Greece, they brought their culture ---- them.
A) from / against B) below / on
B) has become / are being photographed
C) throughout / with D) for / about
C) became / had been photographed
E) at / over
D) would have become / were photographed
E) was becoming / have been photographed
11. ---- graduating from Cambridge in 1974, Douglas

Adams, British comedy writer who uses the devices
of science fiction, began to write ---- radio and
8. Big social media companies have a responsibility television.
---- every possible action to ensure that their A) By / with B) At / on
applications ---- by criminals.
A) to take / are not exploited C) During / through D) In / about
B) taking / will not be exploited E) Upon / for
C) to be taken / would not be exploited
D) being taken / have not been exploited
E) having taken / were not exploited
12. ---- science fiction texts are too difficult to film, very
few have ever been successfully adapted.
A) Unless B) In order that
C) Once D) Before
9. Humans have been clearing trees for transportation E) Because

purposes ---- more than 10,000 years, but
Mesopotamians invented some of the first paved
roads to make more transit-friendly cities ---- 3000
BCE.
A) in / with B) for / around
C) on / to D) along / over
E) by / from

13. ---- fire played an important part in Greek 16. According to experts, most national policies are
philosopher Anaximander’s cosmogony, it would be likely to fail ---- they are complemented and
wrong to think that he regarded it as the ultimate supported by parallel policies at the global level.
constituent of the world, like Thales’ water. A) so that B) just as
A) Though B) As if
C) unless D) since
C) In case D) Since
E) now that
E) Until
17. ---- women’s studies, which is focused on

14. ---- career assessment and counselling have the historical aspects of women’s lives, feminist
historically targeted students in high school, a philosophy is interested in the social philosophy of
number of experts now believe that they are also women’s interests throughout history.
beneficial to elementary and middle school students A) Unlike B) Except for
for later career development.
A) As soon as B) Unless C) In case of D) Prior to
C) Even though D) Only when E) On behalf of
E) As though
18. ---- any archaeological excavation, whether it

be prehistoric or historic, a survey or field
15. ---- all the factors influencing the learning of a investigation must be conducted.
foreign language is fully understood, it will be A) Thanks to B) As opposed to
difficult to design optimal educational programmes
for language learning. C) On behalf of D) Prior to
A) Only if B) Since C) Until
E) Compared to
D) In case E) Given that

19. You might be a good walker, but Istanbul is ---- huge

---- sooner or later you will have to catch a bus or
tram to further explore the megacity.
A) such / as B) as / as C) both / and
D) so / that E) whether / or
20. The term 'Asian' is widely used for those individuals

who have ethnic ties to Asia, ---- includes the Far
East, Southeast Asia, and the Indian sub-continent.
A) what B) of which C) which
D) that E) of whom

21 - 25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) with B) around C) from

The first true city in Mesoamerica was Monte Alban,
founded by the Zapotecs in 500 BCE. (21)---- the Olmec
D) throughout E) over
people who had come up with a script of glyphs (signs),
the Zapotec also devised an early writing system to
name sacrificed enemies portrayed on stone stelae.
Later monuments name enemy places in and around
the south Mexican Oaxaca Valley that the kings of
Monte Alban defeated, to create an empire that
(22)---- until 700 CE. The biggest city in Mesoamerica
was Teotihuacán, which was founded (23)---- 100 BCE
and survived until the 7th or 8th century CE. The 24.
ceremonial objects unearthed in the area indicate that
the city (24)---- as a sacred centre. A cave beneath its
Pyramid of the Sun was regarded as the place A) used to begin B) might begin
(25)---- humanity emerged into the world and as the
entrance to the underworld. C) would have begun D) should have begun
E) may have begun
21.
A) Instead of B) According to 25.
C) Due to D) On behalf of
A) why B) which C) how
E) Similar to
D) where E) when
22.
A) occurred B) deteriorated
C) lasted D) recovered
E) appeared

26 - 30. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) Although B) In order that

In the 1950s and 1960s, several lines of development
converged to create the explosive shift in academic
C) Whether D) As
psychology known as the cognitive revolution. Research
in various other fields of study, (26)---- anthropology,
linguistics, and computer science, had been moving E) Until
toward the scientific study of mental processes.
(27)---- psychology, studies of memory, perception,
personality traits, and other mental phenomena
continued to gain ground. Even orthodox behaviourists
began to pay attention to mental processes.
(28)---- these lines of development came together, the
mind once again became a worthy object of study. The
black box model of psychology was rejected and
cognition, or thought processes themselves, became 29.
the object of (29)---- interest. Major contributors included
Ulric Neisser, Howard Kendler, and George and Jean
Mandler. With the renewed interest in cognitive A) abstract B) beneficial
processes, there was also a revival of an earlier
movement that (30)---- in Europe but migrated to the C) intense D) hostile
United States after World War II, namely Gestalt
psychology. E) faulty
26.
30.
A) despite B) such as
A) should have started B) had started
C) with the purpose of D) in case of
C) must start D) used to start
E) contrary to
E) has started
27.
A) Toward B) Over C) Within
D) Upon E) From

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

33. While many parents benefit from available books
and articles on parenting, ----.
A) the transition to parenthood also creates psychological
transformations in adulthood
31. Although notions of unconscious mental processes
have a history dating back to the ancient world, ----. B) young adults may be living entirely independently,
A) they were often used to characterise the condition of with a mature set of social relationships
having no awareness
C) some parents face inevitable uncertainty when making
B) there is widespread agreement that a great deal of our decisions about how to raise their children
mental life is unconscious
D) most people find that their responsibility to another
C) it is necessary to consider the historical background to person is greater than their responsibility to
understand what triggered its scientific investigation themselves
D) the unconscious was not seriously taken up by E) families tend to get closer as grandparents become
science until the 19th century involved with the new family
E) psychologists use the term unconscious to refer to a

characteristic of certain mental states
34. Because we are frequently exposed to the work of

psychologists in our everyday lives, ----.
A) successful work in the field of psychology often
32. Due to an explosion in levels of homelessness for requires an advanced university degree
all ages across developed countries over the past
20 years, ----. B) there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists who
A) in the US the typical image of a homeless person is of work in other places
a single man or an older woman
C) everyone has an idea about what psychology is and
B) poverty and poor health are among the main causes of what psychologists do
homelessness
D) psychologists also work in forensic fields, and they do
C) no attention is paid to the experiences of homeless provide counselling and therapy
people instead of the concept itself
E) the word ‘psychology’ comes from the Greek words
D) there has been a significant increase in the number of ‘psyche’ (life), and ‘logos’ (explanation)
studies of homelessness
E) people from ethnic minority groups are especially

vulnerable to homelessness

35. Despite its economic difficulties such as trade 37. ----, the aging process would continue persistently,
imbalance and high unemployment, ----. making the saved population ever more susceptible
A) Jamaica is the largest English-speaking island in the to a new set of diseases.
Caribbean Sea A) Because aging makes us ever more vulnerable to the
common fatal diseases
B) Jamaica is largely perceived by the outside world as
economically successful B) Before aging contributed to a wide variety of non-fatal
diseases and disorders
C) the economy of Jamaica has suffered extensively from
persistent job losses C) Although authorities underestimated the speed with
which mortality was declining
D) the majority of the Jamaican population is primarily of
African descent D) Even if medical interventions were to eliminate all the
existing major killer diseases
E) Jamaica’s government follows the British
parliamentary model E) Once scientific forecasts of the survival of individuals
began with the work of life insurance companies
36. Although information processing and memory

efficiency begin to decrease by middle age, ----. 38. In traditional Cuban American families, the elderly
A) there are several ways to improve the functioning of are taken care of at home whenever possible, ----.
the aging brain A) even if many grandparents take care of their
grandchildren while their parents are working
B) different forms of dementia can cause cognitive
decline in old age B) although this is becoming difficult today as both
spouses often work outside the home
C) the brain is an extraordinarily intricate web of one
hundred billion neurons C) given that the definition of 'family' in America does not
include grandparents
D) certain areas of the brain produce new neurons
throughout adulthood D) despite the fact that most Cuban immigrants in
America maintain their traditional beliefs
E) many middle-aged people report difficulty
remembering stuff E) unless grandparents maintain close and special bonds
within the family unit

39. Whereas some commercial photographers accept a 41. In ancient Greece, winning in the Olympic Games
wide range of assignments, including brought glory not only to the individual, but also to
photographing small products, automobiles and the city that the athlete represented; ----.
food, ----. A) however, athletes in these competitions were highly
A) they typically take photographs of commercial motivated to win
products for advertisements
B) hence, some types of games taught the practitioners
B) others focus on a more specialised area, such as about the art of war
photographing only furniture
C) likewise, a losing competitor reflected poorly on his
C) they have the freedom to glorify products and create city
an exaggerated appearance
D) yet, competition among the city-states during the
D) their photographs should create a favourable Games was fierce
impression on the viewer
E) even so, they did not want to shame their city with a
E) some studios use a number of photographers who poor performance
specialise in different areas
40. No simple methodological definition of world history

is possible, ----.
A) even if there is a lot to learn from modern studies of
world history
B) although the purpose of history writing has always

been to understand our past
C) for world histories vary widely in style, structure, and

scope
D) while structuring world history around separate

civilisations is not an easy task
E) but the central Asian steppes produced many

successful conquerors world history has seen

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

43. The earliest records of our civilisation clearly show
an interest in both science and travel, but it is not
until Classical Antiquity that we have evidence of
the two coming together.
42. Diplomacy has existed as long as humans have
A) Her ne kadar medeniyetimizin en eski kayıtları sadece
lived in organised societies, but most historians
bilime değil seyahate de bir ilgi olduğunu gösterse de
would agree that modern diplomacy originated in
ikisinin bir araya geldiğine dair kanıt ancak Klasik
Renaissance Italy. Antik Çağ dönemindedir.
A) İnsanlar örgütlü toplumlar hâlinde yaşadıkları sürece
diplomasi var oldu, ancak çoğu tarihçi modern B) Bilim ve seyahatin Klasik Antik Çağ dönemine kadar
diplomasinin Rönesans İtalya’sında ortaya çıktığı bir araya geldiğine dair herhangi bir kanıtımız yoktur
konusunda hemfikirdir. fakat her ikisine açıkça bir ilgi duyulduğu
medeniyetimizin en eski kayıtlarında görülmektedir.
B) Çoğu tarihçiye göre modern diplomasinin kökeni
Rönesans İtalya’sına dayanmaktadır, ancak diplomasi C) Medeniyetimizin en eski kayıtları hem bilime hem de
insanlar örgütlü toplumlar hâlinde yaşamaya seyahate duyulan bir ilgiyi açıkça göstermektedir fakat
başladığında ortaya çıkmıştır. ikisinin bir araya gelmesine dair kanıtımız ancak Klasik
Antik Çağ dönemindedir.
C) Pek çok tarihçi, diplomasinin insanlar örgütlü toplumlar
olarak yaşamaya başladığında ortaya çıktığı D) Hem bilime hem de seyahate açıkça bir ilgi
konusunda hemfikir olsa da diplomasi Rönesans duyulduğunu gösteren medeniyetimizin en eski
döneminde İtalya’da modern hâline kavuşmuştur. kayıtlarına göre, bu ikisi ancak Klasik Antik Çağ
döneminde bir araya gelmiştir.
D) Diplomasi, insanlar örgütlü toplumlar hâlinde
yaşamaya başladıklarından beri var olmuştur fakat E) Elimizdeki kanıta göre, bilim ve seyahatin açıkça bir
çoğu tarihçiye göre modern diplomasi Rönesans araya gelmesi ancak Klasik Antik Çağ döneminde
İtalya’sı sayesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. olmuştur, fakat medeniyetimizin en eski kayıtlarında
her ikisine de ilgi duyulduğu görülmektedir.
E) Her ne kadar tarihçilerin çoğu modern diplomasinin
Rönesans döneminde İtalya’da ortaya çıktığı
konusunda hemfikir olsa da diplomasi insanlar örgütlü
toplumlar hâlinde yaşadığından beri vardı.

44. Because animals make up an important part of 45. René Descartes, often called the father of modern
nature and some research cannot be conducted philosophy, attempted to break with the
using humans, animals are unfortunately also philosophical traditions of his day and start
participants in psychological research. philosophy anew.
A) Hayvanlar doğanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturduğu ve A) Kendi zamanının felsefi gelenekleri ile ilişkisini
bazı araştırmalar insanlar kullanılarak koparan René Descartes felsefeyi yeniden başlatmak
yürütülemeyeceği için hayvanlar ne yazık ki psikolojik istemiştir ve bu yüzden sıklıkla modern felsefenin
araştırmaların da katılımcılarıdır. babası olarak anılmaktadır.
B) Doğanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturan hayvanlar, ne B) Sıklıkla modern felsefenin babası olarak anılan René
yazık ki insanlar kullanılarak yürütülemeyen bazı Descartes kendi zamanının felsefi gelenekleri ile
psikolojik araştırmaların da katılımcılarıdır. bağını koparıp felsefeyi yeniden başlatmaya
çalışmıştır.
C) Hayvanların doğanın önemli bir parçası olması ve bazı
araştırmaların insanlar kullanılarak yürütülememesi, C) Felsefeyi yeniden başlatan René Descartes’tan sık sık
ne yazık ki hayvanları psikolojik araştırmaların da felsefenin babası olarak bahsedilmektedir çünkü o
katılımcısı hâline getirmiştir. kendi zamanındaki felsefi geleneklerle bağlarını
koparmayı denemiştir.
D) Hayvanların da psikolojik araştırmalara dâhil olması,
doğanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaları ve ne yazık D) René Descartes sık sık modern felsefenin babası
ki bazı araştırmaların insanlar kullanılarak olarak anılmaktadır, bunun sebebi ise kendi
yürütülememesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. zamanının felsefi geleneklerinden kopuş yaşaması ve
yeni bir felsefe başlatma çabasıdır.
E) Doğanın önemli bir parçasını oluştursalar da bazı
araştırmaların insanlar kullanılarak E) René Descartes’a sıklıkla modern felsefenin babası
yürütülememesi nedeniyle hayvanlar ne yazık denmesinin sebebi, kendi zamanındaki felsefi
ki psikolojik araştırmaların da katılımcılarıdır. geleneklerden koparak yeni bir felsefe başlatma
çabasıdır.

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye

46. In a digital library, an unlimited number of
people can access the same resource, and even
read the same page of this resource,
simultaneously.
48. Asur İmparatorluğu’nun MÖ 900 ve 600 arasında
A) Dijital kütüphane, sınırsız sayıda kişinin eş zamanlı
altın çağını yaşarken dünyanın o güne dek gördüğü
olarak aynı kaynağa ulaşabildiği ve hatta bu kaynağın
en büyük ve en karmaşık siyasi oluşum olduğu ileri
aynı sayfasını okuyabildiği bir yerdir.
sürülebilir.
B) Dijital bir kütüphanede sınırsız sayıda kişi eş zamanlı A) The Assyrian Empire’s heyday was between 900 and
olarak aynı kaynağa ulaşabilir ve hatta bu kaynağın 600 BCE, when it had become the largest and most
aynı sayfasını okuyabilir. complex political formation the world had ever
experienced.
C) Dijital bir kütüphanede eş zamanlı olarak aynı kaynağa
ulaşabilen ve hatta bu kaynağın aynı sayfasını B) While it was having its heyday between about 900 and
okuyabilen kişi sayısı sınırsızdır. 600 BCE, it can be claimed that the Assyrian Empire
was the largest and most complex political formation
D) Dijital bir kütüphanede sınırsız sayıda kişinin eş
the world had yet seen.
zamanlı olarak aynı kaynağa ulaşabilmesi ve hatta bu
kaynağın aynı sayfasını okuması mümkündür. C) The Assyrian Empire was the largest and most
E) Dijital bir kütüphanede sınırsız sayıda kişi eş zamanlı complex political formation the world had ever seen
olarak aynı kaynağa ulaşmakla kalmayıp bu kaynağın until the period between 900 and 600 BCE, which was
aynı sayfasını bile okuyabilir. its heyday.
D) It is possible to claim that the period between 900 and

600 BCE was the heyday of the Assyrian Empire, the
largest and most complex political formation the world
had yet seen.
E) It has been suggested that the Assyrian Empire was

the largest and most complex political formation the
47. During their presence on Earth for tens of world had ever seen between 900 and 600 BCE,
thousands of years, humans have progressively, which was its heyday.
although with setbacks from time to time, learned
how to better feed themselves.
A) Dünya üzerinde on binlerce yıldır varlığını sürdüren
insanlar, zaman zaman gerilemeler yaşasa da,
kendilerini gittikçe daha iyi beslemeyi öğrenme
konusunda ilerleme kaydetmişlerdir.
B) İnsanlar on binlerce yıldır Dünya üzerindeki varlıklarını

sürdürmektedirler ve bu esnada zaman zaman
gerilemelerle de olsa, kendilerini daha iyi beslemeyi
öğrenmişlerdir.
C) Zaman zaman gerilemeler yaşayan insanlar, Dünya

üzerindeki on binlerce yıllık varlıkları süresince
kendilerini daha iyi beslemeyi öğrenmişlerdir.
D) İnsanlar, Dünya üzerindeki on binlerce yıllık varlıkları

süresince, zaman zaman gerilemelerle de olsa,
kendilerini gittikçe daha iyi beslemeyi öğrenmişlerdir.
E) Kendilerini gittikçe daha iyi beslemeyi öğrenen

insanlar, Dünya üzerindeki on binlerce yıllık varlıkları
boyunca gerilemeler de yaşamışlardır.

49. Portekizlilerin Orta Afrika’da bulunan Kongo 51. Rönesans’ın temelini teşkil eden yeni teknolojiler
Krallığı’na olan ilgisi, 1493 yılında bakır ile başlamış esas işlevi un üretmek olan yel değirmenleri ve su
ancak kısa bir süre içinde köle ticaretine değirmenlerini de içermekteydi.
dönüşmüştür. A) Were it not for the new technologies such as windmills
A) What made Portuguese turn their attention to the and watermills which mainly function to produce flour,
central African Kingdom of Congo in 1493 was copper, the foundations for the Renaissance may not have
but this interest turned to slave trade. been laid.
B) Portuguese interest in the central African Kingdom of B) The foundations for the Renaissance were laid by
Congo began in 1493 with copper, but soon turned to such new technologies as windmills and watermills,
slave trade. whose main function to make flour.
C) The Portuguese started to be attracted to the central C) Windmills and watermills, despite having a primary
African Kingdom of Congo in 1493 by copper, which function of producing flour, were among the new
initiated slave trade there. technologies that laid the foundations for the
Renaissance.
D) Copper started Portuguese interest in the central
African Kingdom of Congo in 1493, but this interest D) The new technologies that laid the foundations for the
shortly became slave trade. Renaissance included windmills and watermills, whose
primary function was to make flour.
E) Although the Portuguese began to pay attention to the
central African Kingdom of Congo in 1493 with copper, E) Among the new technologies that laid the foundation
they soon started slave trade there. for the Renaissance were primarily windmills and
watermills, which were used to make flour.
50. İlk insanlar taş aletler gibi daha basit teknolojiler

kullanmış olabilirler ancak bu, onların zeki
olmadıkları anlamına gelmez.
A) While early people seem to have used simpler
technologies like stone tools, they should not be
considered unintelligent.
B) Early people cannot be said to be unintelligent just
because they used simpler technologies such as
stone tools.
C) The fact that early people used simpler technologies

like stone tools does not mean they were not
intelligent.
D) It is possible that early people used simpler

technologies like stone tools, but they were certainly
not unintelligent.
E) Early people might have used simpler technologies
like stone tools, but that does not mean they were
unintelligent.

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü

52. Rus resim sanatı, Rus edebiyatı veya müziğinden sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek
çok daha az bilinir ancak gerek Avrupa geleneğinin cümleyi bulunuz.
bir parçası gerekse ondan ayrı olarak zengin bir
tarihe sahiptir.
54. Worry, defined as repetitive thoughts about negative
A) Russian art of painting is far less well-known than
future events, is part of life. At the right dose,
Russian literature or music, but it has a rich history,
concern for the future can be adaptive, helping to
both as part of and set apart from European tradition.
direct attention and improve preparations in the face
B) Russian literature or music is far less well-known than of potential threats. People with generalised anxiety
Russian art of painting, which is known to have a rich disorder (GAD), however, experience an extreme,
history, not only as part of but also set apart from chronic, and unrelenting worry that they feel unable
European tradition. to control. Worry does not work for them. ---- Their
worries spill into all areas of everyday life, including
C) Compared to Russian literature or music, Russian art health, family, relationships, work, and finances.
of painting is much less well-known, but as part of
European tradition it has a rich history, even though it A) Although it is difficult to understand the nature of the
is set apart from it. fear in the disorder, some treatment would be
possible.
D) Although Russian art of painting is not as well-known
as Russian literature or music, it has a rich history B) They tend to overestimate the likelihood of negative
because it is both part of and distinct from European consequences and predict that they will be
tradition. catastrophic.
C) Indeed, several theories have attempted over the past

E) Being both part of and distinct from European tradition,
few decades to explain the mechanisms underlying
Russian art of painting has a rich history, although it is
GAD.
far less well-known than Russian literature or music.
D) Having negative thoughts, in other words, is
perceived as a way to avoid experiencing negative
feelings.
E) Despite the fact that chronic worry is stressful, people

with GAD hold positive beliefs about worry.
53. Kendi başına büyük bir endüstri olmanın yanı sıra

başka pek çok faaliyeti etkilediği için klasik müzik
Britanya’daki en önemli sanat biçimlerinden biridir.
A) One of the most important art forms in Britain is
classical music, which not only affects many other
activities but also is a major industry in its own right.
B) Classical music is one of the most important art forms
in Britain, as it influences many other activities in
addition to being a major industry in its own right.
C) In addition to being a major industry in its own right,

classical music affects many other activities, and for
this reason it is one of the most important art forms in
Britain.
D) Since classical music is a major industry in its own

right, which also influences many other activities, it is
one of the most important art forms in Britain.
E) Classical music, which is a major industry in its own

right in addition to influencing many other activities, is
one of the most important art forms in Britain.

55. The first coffee trees in Rwanda were planted in 56. How many languages are spoken in the world? The
1904, and export began around 1917. The high truthful answer is that we do not have an exact
altitudes and steady rainfalls mean the potential for count, although we are able to make an educated
quality is very high. About half of the country’s guess. There are two primary reasons why counting
export revenue now comes from the coffee industry, up languages is tricky. One is that linguists have not
so coffee has recently become a vehicle for the identified all the languages of the world yet. There
government to improve socio-economic conditions. are still speech (and sign-language) communities
---- However, a combination of high altitudes and that follow their traditional ways of life and who
rich soil ensures that Rwandan beans are still some have had little interaction with the outside world or
of the best on the market. researchers. ---- However, there is also a more
A) One of the challenges for Rwandan coffee is the fundamental problem in counting languages, which
‘potato defect’, a bacteria that can cause the is that it is difficult to decide which speech varieties
occasional bean to smell and taste like raw potato. should be counted as languages and which should
be counted as dialects of a single language.
B) The coffee beans from Rwanda are often some of the A) Mutual intelligibility refers to the idea of people
softest, sweetest, and most floral of East African understanding one another.
coffees.
B) So, some linguists claim to have figured out the exact
C) The districts along Lake Kivu are home to some of the
number of world languages.
most famed washing stations in Rwanda.
D) The citrus, stone fruit, and caramel tones of the coffee C) The languages of these groups are still undescribed.
beans make Rwandan coffee balanced and sweet.
D) Irregularities in language usually result from language
E) It should be noted that an economy dependent on change.
exporting only coffee products usually tends to be a
very fragile one. E) Communities are not usually positioned near each
other.

57. After the initial conquest by Europeans in 1521, the 58. Shinto is the name for the religious beliefs and
Aztec population was devastated by one of the practices that are believed to have developed in
biggest pandemics in history. According to Japan prior to the importation of foreign religious
historical records, an infection killed off as much as traditions from the Asian continent, beginning in the
80 percent of the indigenous population. The sixth century CE. With rare historical exceptions, the
identity of this pest remained a mystery. ---- Japanese have not attempted to spread Shinto
Historians were not clear if the disease was of local outside of Japan, believing that it was the
origin or was imported by the Spanish, but in recent foundation of their cultural heritage and identity. ----
years the culprit was discovered to be a Salmonella Shinto deeply influenced Japan’s interactions with
organism. other cultures. Moreover, it continues to serve as
A) At this time an environmental misfortune in the one of the major religious and cultural institutions in
Americas helped the microbes spread. the world.
A) The practices of Shinto were confined mostly to the
B) Guesses ranged from haemorrhagic influenza to social and political elites of the clans.
malaria to typhoid to smallpox.
B) One might conclude that the impact of Shinto in world
C) Unfortunately, food shortages left people unable to history has been minor, but this is not the case.
withstand the Salmonella invaders.
C) According to historians, the institutional and doctrinal
D) In any event, the conquistadores probably carried character of Shinto during the early period lacked
contaminated foodstuffs on their vessels. coherence.
E) Vulnerabilities to novel diseases have not changed: D) Between 1600 to 1870, scholars who wanted to purge
spreading via global trade and travel. Shinto of all foreign influences created a new field of
Shinto scholarship.
E) A characteristic feature of Shinto is ‘kami’, beings that

dwell in heaven or reside on earth as sacred forces
within nature.

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla

59. ---- Signs of depression in young people are often okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan
seen as normal mood swings typical of a cümleyi bulunuz.
particular developmental stage. Professionals are
also often reluctant to prematurely ‘label’ a young
person with the diagnosis of depression. 60. (I) The striking and kicking techniques of modern karate
However, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial originate from a traditional fighting system, Okinawa-te,
to healthy emotional, social, and behavioural developed in Okinawa during the early 17th century.
development. (II) Modern karate was founded by Gichin Funakoshi,
who, in 1906, toured Okinawa giving the first public
A) Symptoms of depression in children and adolescents demonstration of Okinawa-te. (III) Contrary to popular
are expressed in a variety of ways. belief, karate practitioners spend very little time
smashing bricks and boards. (IV) Subsequently, a
B) Depression in children and adolescents frequently
slightly refined version of this technique was included in
goes undetected.
the physical education curriculum of Okinawa.
(V) During these formative years, Okinawa-te became
C) Depression in both young people and adults may known as karate-jutsu (Chinese hand art).
occur at the same time as panic attacks.
D) Children who develop major depression are more
likely to have a family history of the disorder.
E) Depression increases the risk for suicide or suicide

attempts.
61. (I) There are various causes and types of dementia, but
they have certain characteristics in common.
(II) People with dementia often have problems with
short-term memory, such as forgetting names and
recent events. (III) They may have trouble with
visuospatial processing, such as getting lost in familiar
places. (IV) The affected people may have difficulty with
activities of daily living, such as balancing
the checkbook or forgetting to turn off the stove when
cooking. (V) There are many other causes of dementia,
including trauma, metabolic imbalances, hereditary
illness, drugs, toxins, and infections.

62. (I) Comparing student achievement between countries 64. (I) Forensic anthropologists are experts who analyse
has several goals for different stakeholders. (II) PISA is skeletal remains for legal purposes. (II) Forensic
another example of international comparison of student anthropologists commonly work closely with forensic
achievement. (III) To policymakers, country-to-country archaeologists. (III) Law enforcement authorities call
comparisons of student performance help indicate upon these anthropologists to use skeletal remains to
whether their educational system is performing as well identify murder victims, missing persons, or people who
as it could. (IV) To a researcher of education issues, the have died in disasters, such as plane crashes.
studies provide a basis for hypothesising whether some (IV) They have also contributed substantially to the
policies and practices in education are necessary or investigation of human rights abuses in all parts of the
sufficient for high student performance. (V) To teachers world by identifying victims and documenting the cause
and school administrators, international studies provide of their death. (V) Among the best-known ones is Clyde
examples of behaviour that may be a source of new C. Snow, who has been practising in this field for over
forms of practice and self-evaluation. forty years.
63. (I) The papyrus plant, which grew only in the Egyptian 65. (I) Although pastoral nomadic societies can still be
Nile delta, contained a substance that, when cut into found throughout their traditional ranges, they no longer
strips, could be arranged and pressed so as to create a have the influence they once did. (II) The most powerful
page of paperlike material. (II) These pages would then nomadic empire to emerge on the world stage was that
be glued together to form a continuous sheet, normally of the Mongols. (III) The military power that nomads
30-35 feet in length. (III) When two wooden pins were possessed as mounted archers or desert warriors
fastened to the ends of the sheet, the result was a disappeared centuries ago. (IV) Similarly their ability to
scroll, which could be rolled back and forth around the remain autonomous disappeared with the emergence
pins. (IV) Animal skin was used by Greeks for writing of motorised vehicles and airplanes. (V) As the world’s
before papyrus became widely available by the 600s population has expanded, they have lost pasture areas
BCE. (V) The papyrus scroll was the ancient Greeks’ to farmers who have attempted to cultivate land that is
‘book’ (biblion), the primary tool for reading and writing. only marginally fit for agriculture.

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre

cevaplayınız. 67. It can be inferred from the passage that arrowheads
----.
A) proved to be better tools for killing human enemies
For millennia, before the invention of guns and rather than hunting animals
gunpowder, bows and arrows were the most efficient
human instruments for killing at a distance. Arrowheads, B) were favoured specifically by the culture that made the
found scattered across most of the Earth, count as one rock paintings of bowmen in North Africa
of the most common objects of archaeological
significance, outnumbered only by broken bits of C) were improved later by the culture that invented them
pottery. It is easy to imagine how an arrow aimed at a for the first time
distant human enemy or hunted animal often missed its
target and got lost to remain undisturbed in its lodging D) can be more informative as long as they are found
place for uncounted centuries, only for us to find it by alongside other human objects
chance. But isolated arrowheads, separated from other
human artefacts, are usually impossible to date and tell E) are often difficult to date without reference to older
us little or nothing about who made and used them. A projectiles used before arrows
few rock paintings of bowmen running and shooting in
North Africa and elsewhere show that as much as
10,000 years ago archery had come to dominate local
warfare. And again it is not difficult to see why that was
so, for a weapon that can wound or kill at a distance of
up to hundred yards far outranged older projectiles, and
the peoples who first possessed them could attack
others with impunity. Their advantage was so great that
bows and arrows spread across the Old World, with 68. Which of the following questions is mainly
innovations across cultures, from the undetermined answered by the passage?
place they first appeared. A) How did various cultures contribute to the design of
bows and arrows?
B) What was the primary difference between arrowheads

and older projectiles?
C) Why did arrows remain significant for humans for a

long time?
66. According to the passage, arrowheads ----.
A) continued to be preferred as the main warfare D) Why is it usually difficult to date isolated arrowheads?
instrument even after the invention of guns and
gunpowder E) Who were the first people to invent bows and arrows?
B) were the first objects humans used as a tool for killing

at a distance and they originated millennia ago
C) as archaeological objects are often found by people

who miss their target during combat or hunting
D) have so far been hard to find due mostly to the fact

that older projectiles were more dominant
E) are less common than broken bits of pottery despite

being one of the most common archaeological objects


cevaplayınız. 70. The underlined word in the passage ‘resurgence’ is
A) rehearsal B) reduction
The life history approach to social research and theory
involves several methodological techniques C) revival D) reliance
and types of data. These include case
studies, interviews, use of documents (letters, diaries, E) rebellion
archival records), oral histories, and various kinds of
narratives. The main assumptions of this approach
are that actions of individuals and groups are
simultaneously emergent and structured and
that individual and group perspectives must be included
in the data used for analysis. Accordingly, any materials
that reveal those perspectives can and should be
regarded as essential to the empirical study of human
social life. The popularity of this approach has gone up 71. Which of the following could be the best title for the
and down since the early 1900s, being used extensively passage?
in the 1920s and 1930s. The following generation of
social studies witnessed the domination of quantitative A) Popularity of Life Histories and Narratives
measurement techniques coupled with survey data
collection, and the increased use of those approaches B) Life History Approach in Social Studies
paralleled a relative decline in life history research. In
the 1970s, however, there began a resurgence of C) Importance of Methodology in Social Research
interest in life history research not only in the United
States but in Europe. This has included a broadened D) Interest in Life History Research in Europe
interdisciplinary base through the incorporation of
narrative theory and methods from other disciplines. In E) Interdisciplinary Methods in Social Research
this broadened use, there has been a transition from
using the approach as purely a methodological device to
using it as a method and theory.
69. According to the passage, one main assumption of

the life history approach is that ----.
A) the most appropriate data collection tools are case
studies and interviews
B) there should be an increasing interest in quantitative

measurement techniques
C) research into narrative theory and methods is always

of interdisciplinary nature
D) points of view pertaining to individuals and groups

must be taken into account in data analysis
E) substantial emphasis must be placed on the study of

letters, diaries, and archival records


cevaplayınız. 73. According to the passage, why is popular music a
source of struggles?
A) It is an unconscious or semi-conscious identity-work.
Popular music is more than mere entertainment. It is a
means by which people affirm, create and nurture their B) What is pleasurable and exciting for an individual may
individual and collective identities. But popular music is not be the same for another.
often also the basis of struggles over personal and
group identity. The reason for this is that we are often C) It makes us feel united with or separate from a
attracted to music made by social groups to which we particular social group.
belong or do not belong in order to express solidarity
with or difference from that group. Such identity-work D) It enables us to question the set meanings of music
may be unconscious or semi-conscious, in that what we while making interpretations.
are initially drawn to is a pleasurable, exciting sound
rather than a set of meanings which we have already E) It limits or even prevents political debates about
worked out in advance. Because the meaning of music records, stars and genres.
is so hard to work out, popular music is surrounded by
enormous amounts of written and spoken commentary,
in the media and in ordinary everyday interactions
between people. Here, the remarkable ability of music to
unite and divide people becomes manifest in tense,
explicit debates over the political meanings of records,
stars, and genres. This is how cultural identity becomes
closely related to the everyday creation and
interpretation of popular music. 74. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A) To give general information about the emergence of

popular music
B) To explain how popular music affects individuals’

subconscious
72. What can be inferred from the passage about
C) To give a description of the relationship between
popular music? popular music and cultural identity
A) It is the basis of entertainment for social groups that
we do not belong to. D) To clarify the impact of popular music on the political
atmosphere in a country
B) It is a means for us to express our individual and
collective identity. E) To show how entertaining popular music is for most
people in society
C) It improves our written and spoken skills by
encouraging interaction among people.
D) It helps us to reveal what is hidden in the unconscious

mind.
E) It enables us to understand why sound is

more important than meaning.


cevaplayınız. 76. It is stated in the passage that committing to a
cause one cares about such as the arts or the
environment ----.
The essence of life, wrote Aristotle, is to serve others A) can both reduce stress levels and also make people
and do good. Make this the basis of a New Year’s feel less burdened with responsibilities
resolution and you will be doing yourself a favour too. It
turns out that people who volunteer are happier and B) results in improved health for a specific age group,
healthier on average than those who do not. You can particularly for those who are over 50
get these benefits by giving time to a cause you care
about, whether related to the arts, the environment, C) is one of the most researched topics in the literature
politics or whatever. However, the biggest boost comes
by doing work directly focused on helping others. It may D) may not lead to as many positive effects as directly
seem counter-intuitive, but taking on extra helping those in need
responsibilities can reduce stress. Consider, for
example, a study in which researchers took blood E) might only work positively if one commits for over 200
pressure measurements from around 6,700 people hours per year
aged over 50, then simply let these people get on with
their lives for four years before taking another
measurement. What the researchers wanted to find out
was whether volunteering would make a difference and
whether more volunteering would provide even more
benefits. The results were conclusive. Compared with
non-volunteers or those who had done less than 200
hours of voluntary work in the preceding two years,
more active volunteers were 40 per cent less likely to 77. What is the main purpose of the author in writing
have developed high blood pressure. this passage?
A) To exemplify that helping others leads to more
psychological than physical benefits
B) To encourage people to actively devote their time and

energy to a cause they enjoy
C) To explain the possible benefits one gets from helping

75. According to Aristotle, helping other people ----. other people and volunteering
A) cannot be limited to certain times of the year
D) To investigate the relationship between helping others
B) could mean a number of burdensome extra and physical health
responsibilities
E) To persuade readers to dedicate themselves to certain
C) should be a person’s primary goal in life urgent causes
D) may not always do much good to other people
E) makes others happier than oneself


cevaplayınız. 79. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
A) behaviour therapists are primarily concerned with the
environment that leads to the behavioural problem
Behaviour therapy emphasises the current conditions
that maintain a behaviour, the conditions that keep it B) psychoanalysts are more successful in solving
going. This form of therapy focuses on the problem, not behavioural problems once and for all
on the person. A psychology professor, Elizabeth
Klonoff, likened behaviour therapy to a weed-pulling C) behaviour therapists try to solve the problem without
process. Psychoanalysts attempt to pull the weed up by necessarily dealing with the origins of that problem
its roots so that it will never come back, but behaviour
therapists pluck the weed from the top, and if it grows D) behaviour therapists fail in solving behavioural
back, they pluck it again. The origins of a problem are problems as they keep recurring
not as important as the conditions that keep it going.
Behaviour therapy is based on the learning theories of E) psychoanalysts try to solve the problem by analysing
Pavlov’s classical conditioning, Skinner’s operant the genetic background of the patient
conditioning, and Bandura’s social learning theory. All
behaviour is learned, whether it is healthy or abnormal.
Learning, in the classical-conditioning sense, refers to
associations formed between events or actions.
Learning, in the operant-conditioning sense, refers to
the process of increasing the likelihood of a behaviour
occurring or not occurring based on its consequences.
Learning, in the social learning theory sense, refers to
80. What is the passage mainly about?
learning things by watching other people. Smoking is a
good example of an unhealthy behaviour that is learned. A) How learning is described by behaviour therapy
Cigarette advertisements associate attractive people
and having fun with smoking - classical conditioning. B) Features of behaviour in psychology
Nicotine gives a pleasurable, stimulating sensation -
operant conditioning. Teenagers sometimes learn to C) Differences between behaviour conditioning models
smoke by watching their parents, older siblings, or peers
smoke - social learning theory. D) Social learning theory and imitating behaviour
E) Relationship between learned behaviour and bad

habits
78. According to the passage, Elizabeth Klonoff ----.

A) believes it is significant to focus on the roots
of behavioural problems
B) disapproves of psychoanalysts’ focus on the origins of

behavioural problems
C) supports behaviour therapy more than psychoanalysis
D) explains behaviour therapy through the metaphor of

weed plucking
E) is one of the founders of the behaviour therapy
TEST BİTTİ.
2021 YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARI YABANCI DİL SINAVI - 2
2021 - YÖKDİL/2
29-08-2021
1. D 48. B
2. D 49. B
3. C 50. E
4. E 51. D
5. D 52. A
6. A 53. B
7. A 54. B
8. A 55. A
9. B 56. C
10. C 57. B
11. E 58. B
12. E 59. B
13. A 60. C
14. C 61. E
15. C 62. B
16. C 63. D
17. A 64. B
18. D 65. B
19. D 66. E
20. C 67. D
21. E 68. C
22. C 69. D
23. B 70. C
24. E 71. B
25. D 72. B
26. B 73. C
27. C 74. C
28. D 75. C
29. C 76. D
30. B 77. C
31. D 78. D
32. D 79. C
33. C 80. A
34. C
35. B
36. A
37. D
38. B
39. B
40. C
41. C
42. A
43. C
44. A
45. B
46. B
47. D
28 Ağustos 2022 Sonbahar YÖKDİL Sosyal Sınavı
1-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 4. Governing the area ----- known as the Middle
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. East, the Assyrian Empire was at its peak for
about three hundred years from the ninth to
sixth centuries BCE.
1. It has long been known that children’s
cognitive and intellectual ----- adversely affect A) severely
early academic achievement and long-term
educational success. B) presently
A) deficits C) instinctively
B) horizons D) deliberately
C) commands E) reasonably
D) findings
E) correlations
5. In England, the animal rights movement had
its origins in an 1822 law intended to ----- cruelty
to farm animals such as cattles and sheep.
2. Surrealism was a revolutionary movement in A) prevent

art and literature which drew much of its -----
from the Dada school of art and Sigmund B) sustain
Freud’s teachings of psychoanalysis. C) foster
A) mediation D) enforce
B) distortion E) adopt
C) reservation
D) absorption
E) inspiration 6. Researchers have ----- why painter Edvard

Munch’s 1910 version of the Scream has begun
to degrade: he used impure cadmium yellow
paint, which degrades even in relatively low
humidity.
3. From its inception, the Roman Republic was a
society prepared for war, with all ----- male A) given away
citizens expected to bear arms for the state.
B) figured out
A) peculiar
C) depended upon
B) hospitable
D) coped with
C) eligible
E) carried out
D) corrupt
E) spiritual
1
7. Research, conducted lately, on the 10. The emergence of many independent states
components of human intelligence ----- that from European colonial rule was more
although children generally become faster in significant ----- a large portion of the world’s
information processing with age, not all population than the Cold War, yet this
components ----- more rapidly with age. decolonisation has received less attention -----
historians.
A) shows / were executed
A) around / by
B) showed / have been executed
B) at / over
C) had shown / were being executed
C) to / from
D) has shown / are executed
D) about / on
E) is showing / would be executed
E) along / with
11. Although John B. Watson’s objective

8. From the beginning of history until about
methodological approach was rejected by
1800, the work of the world ----- with hand
authorities at first, it has had a major impact
tools; since then, people ----- machines to get
----- its influence on many psychologists and
the vast majority of the work done, leading to a
gained widespread application -----the world.
huge surplus of labour force.
A) through / around
A) is done / have been using
B) for / towards
B) was done / have used
C) across / off
C) had been done / used
D) about / along
D) was being done / use
E) from / with
E) would be done / are using
12. ----- most people equate addiction with

9. ----- a situational level, the context in which
drugs, virtually any product or service can be
an advertisement appears can have an influence
the focus of psychological dependence.
----- how it is interpreted.
A) As long as
A) With / for
B) Whenever
B) In / about
C) While
C) At / on
D) Just as
D) Through / under
E) Because
E) From / to
2
13. Italian Baroque music composer Domenico 16. No educational strategy will be effective in
Scarlatti’s greatest contribution was his single- improving student achievement ----- the teacher
movement keyboard sonatas, ----- only a small implements it accurately and consistently.
number were published in his lifetime.
A) just as
A) yet
B) whenever
B) so
C) unless
C) likewise
D) so that
D) otherwise
E) because
E) that is
14. ----- behavioural consultation is based upon

17. ----- more than fifty years of growth in many
behavioural theory and procedures that have
of the economies of the less developed world,
been effective in teaching new skills and
problems of poverty are as severe as ever.
reducing learning and behaviour problems, it
has become particularly popular in school A) As a consequence of
settings.
B) Thanks to
A) Only when
C) In spite of
B) In case
D) With reference to
C) While
E) Together with
D) Because
E) Even if
15. ----- most fears are relatively transient and

age-specific, for some children these fears 18. ----- serious efforts by town governments to
persist and evolve into phobias. regulate waste disposal, sanitation was a
constant problem in England during the
A) Since medieval period.
B) Only when A) According to
C) Although B) Due to
D) As long as C) With regard to
E) In case D) Despite
E) Except for
3
19. The Great Rift along the western part of 20. Adaptation has a diversity of meanings, even
Nicaragua is ----- near sea level -----, until the within areas ----- it is widely used, such as
construction of the Panama Canal, it was anthropology, biology, and the humanities.
considered the most likely site for joining the
A) when
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
B) in which
A) either / or
C) to which
B) so / that
D) whom
C) both / and
E) whose
D) such / that
E) as / as
4
21-25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada 23.

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
da ifadeyi bulunuz. A) however
B) moreover
Beginning in the mid-600s BCE, Lydia became C) for instance
involved in wars and alliances with other ancient
peoples. This involvement came to a climax D) hence
during the reign of Lydia’s last king, Croesus. He
E) likewise
conquered Ephesus and other Greek cities (21) ---
-- the coast of Asia Minor. Despite these
conquests, Croesus admired Greek culture and
wanted to remain on good terms with the people
of Greece. His hospitality to Greek visitors was
famous as were his (22) ----- gifts to Greek
temples, spreading the story that he was
enormously rich. Alarmed by the rising power of
the Persian Empire under its leader, Cyrus the
Great, Croesus urged Babylon, Egypt, and the 24.
Greek city-state of Sparta to form an alliance
with him against the Persians. Before the alliance A) In terms of
formed, (23) ----- Croesus and Cyrus found
B) Prior to
themselves at war. (24) ----- legend, the oracle at
Delphi told Croesus that if he made war on C) According to
Persia, a mighty kingdom would fall. The oracle
did not tell him that the fallen kingdom (25) ----- D) Apart from
his own. However, in the end, Cyrus's forces E) Regardless of
soundly defeated the Lydians.
21.
A) for
B) on
25.
C) among
A) used to be
D) below
B) may be
E) about
C) will be
D) must be
22.
E) would be
A) generous
B) ambiguous
C) negligent
D) plausible
E) affordable
5

da ifadeyi bulunuz. A) irrespective of
B) thanks to
During the Islamic Golden Age, prominent C) rather than
scholars from the Islamic world contributed
enormously to science, engineering, technology D) such as
and medicine. One such scholar was al-Razi, also
E) in terms of
(26) ----- to Europeans by his Latinised name of
Rhazes. He was one of the most influential
Islamic physicians of the pre-modern era. As a
young man he cultivated talents in music and
philosophy, (27) -----, as he grew older, he turned
his attention to the study of medicine. Razi’s
contributions to medicine have been favourably
compared to those of early physicians and
scientists (28) ----- Hippocrates, Galen, Ibn Sina,
and Vesalius. Razi’s works were widely used (29) 29.
----- medieval and Renaissance Europe. His
translations and original works (30) ----- a critical A) towards
link among ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian
B) throughout
medical traditions and the later works of
medieval and Renaissance physicians in Europe. C) at
D) into
26. E) about
A) knowing
B) known
C) know
D) to know
E) having known 30.
A) underestimated
B) eliminated
27. C) distributed
A) for instance D) regulated
B) in short E) provided
C) in other words
D) so
E) but
6
31-41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun 33. As it has been scientifically proven that
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. there is little correlation between intelligence
and creativity, -----.
31. -----, it does not resolve a lot of lesser A) one should not necessarily expect a highly
problems faced by minority Americans in the US intelligent individual to come up with original
health care system. ideas
A) While ethnic minorities in the United States B) many creative people have an exceptionally
have less access to health care deep and broad awareness of themselves
B) Regardless of the limited supply of health C) the link between the two has always been a
resources in poor, ethnic communities subject of scholarly investigation
C) Given that limited funding is the biggest D) creativity is seen more as a curse than a gift by
obstacle to providing health care access to those who possess it
minorities
E) the richness and originality of thinking may
D) Whereas limited language proficiency can sometimes be misunderstood or exaggerated
cause the misdiagnosis of symptoms
E) Although health insurance coverage addresses

the issue of accessing to primary health care
34. Today, in the UK, although public companies
(those that allow the public to buy shares) are
usually the more significant firms, and some of
them are huge, -----.
32. ----- because experimenting with different
painting techniques will not only widen their A) extensive information access to them is
creative horizons, but also prevent their work required by the law
from becoming repetitive.
B) laws differentiate between such companies
A) Pushing their limits while painting is terrifying and private ones
for artists who think that they may get
disappointing results C) the private ones are not allowed to invite the
public to buy shares
B) Techniques that are used in portrait painting
and landscape painting differ from each other, D) they account for less than 5 per cent of all
requiring different paints or brushes companies in existence
C) Artists are recommended to step outside of E) the private ones have to limit their numbers of
their comfort zone and integrate something shareholders
completely new into their painting habits
D) Non-conventional tools, such as a spatula,

toothbrush, or an old comb, can be used to
create different textural effects
E) Finding the most appropriate colour tone to

express their emotions and feelings might
sometimes be challenging for artists
7
35. Even though many researchers have 37. In adult language courses it is common to
described what happens during the course of find learners who soon drop out -----.
language development, -----.
A) given that language teachers frequently use
A) there is much debate over just how children the term 'motivation' when they describe
are able to acquire such a complex system in successful or unsuccessful learners
such a short time
B) although there are other factors such as
B) children begin to acquire some aspects of their attitudes and environmental support that impact
native language during their first few months of their attendance rates
life
C) because they realise that they cannot cope
C) all human languages share a number of with the day-to-day demands of attending the
systematic features that the young learner must classes and completing the assignments
master to be competent
D) even if they are pressed for time or
D) comprehension of utterances precedes the overwhelmed by stressors such as heavy
production of speech sounds, developing in line workload and financial issues
with the improvement in infants' communicative
E) so that they can realise language learning
skills
means far more than simply learning a system of
E) human language is a remarkable symbolic rules
means of communication enabling individuals to
convey their thoughts to others
38. -----, distinctive costume traditions of India

36. -----; yet, such a view is overly narrow and
have lasted for thousands of years.
ignores the multiple ways in which globalisation
operates as a political, cultural, and ideological A) Even if Indians knew how to sew before the
force as well. invasion of other cultures
A) Globalisation receives considerable media B) Although Indian culture has felt the effects of
attention and lies at the core of many debates many outside influences
B) Globalisation is a complex subject that C) Because trade with the West opened India to
embraces many topics from a wide variety of the cultures of Europe
theoretical perspectives
D) Just as garments made in ancient India were
C) A wide variety of factors such as advances in woven of light fabric
communication and transportation technologies
have contributed to globalisation E) As many modern-day Indians wear clothes
similar to Westerners
D) Globalisation has often been surrounded by
erroneous or simplistic misconceptions
E) Much of the literature on globalisation has

focused on international trade and foreign
investment
8
39. Contrary to how it seems people never see 41. -----, the phenomenon to which it refers, the
the world as it really is -----. principle of avoiding behaviour that may offend
particular groups of people, is millennia old.
A) while overestimating the accuracy of their
views leads people to make bad decisions based A) Although political correctness may also mean
on incorrect information ideological conformity with those in power
B) even though most people have extreme B) Given that political correctness has not always
difficulty separating their interpretations of been a popular political movement
reality from reality itself
C) As long as the current form of American
C) so that people can pretend to see things political correctness is such an elitist concept
clearly, and they claim their reactions are
D) As political correctness is based on the belief
responses to actual events
that the language we use affects the way we
D) because their perceptions are always some think
blend of objective reality and personal
E) While the term political correctness entered
interpretations of it
common use only in the mid-1990s
E) even if they cannot fully escape the tendency
to see reality through the filter of their own self-
interest
40. Police training manuals often emphasise

that lie detectors should pay attention to how
someone acts, -----.
A) because people are less able to control what

they do than what they say
B) even if truth tellers include more visual and

auditory details in their accounts
C) as people who are upset report what

happened in incomprehensible ways
D) so that liars could make their stories more

plausible
E) as if liars tended to tell their stories in a

chronological order
9
42-47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce 43. Like many other urban centres in the
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi People’s Republic of China, Beijing has also
bulunuz. struggled with managing the growing amounts
of waste materials produced by its populace.
42. Environmental determinism is the doctrine A) Halkının üretmiş olduğu artan miktardaki atık
arguing that individual human actions, beliefs, maddeler, Pekin gibi Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'ndeki
and values are controlled or determined by diğer pek çok kent merkezini zor duruma
environment. sokmaktadır.
A) Bireysel insan eylemlerinin, inançlarının ve B) Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki diğer pek çok kent
değerlerinin çevre tarafından kontrol edildiğini merkezi gibi, Pekin de halkı tarafından üretilen
veya belirlendiğini savunan öğreti çevresel artan miktardaki atık maddelerle başa çıkmakta
determinizm olarak anılır. zorlanmaktadır.
B) Çevresel determinizm, bireysel insan C) Pekin de dâhil olmak üzere Çin Halk
eylemlerinin, inançlarının ve değerlerinin çevre Cumhuriyeti'ndeki pek çok kent merkezi, halkının
tarafından kontrol edildiği veya belirlendiği üretmiş olduğu atık maddelerin giderek artması
öğretisini savunur. nedeniyle zor duruma düşmektedir.
C) Çevresel determinizm, bireysel insan D) Pekin gibi Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'ndeki diğer
eylemlerinin, inançlarının ve değerlerinin çevre pek çok kent merkezi, halkının ürettiği atık
tarafından kontrol edildiğini veya belirlendiğini maddeler giderek arttığı için bunlarla başa
savunan öğretidir. çıkarken zorlanmaktadır.
D) Çevresel determinizmi savunan öğretiye göre E) Halkının ürettiği atık maddelerin giderek
bireysel insan eylemleri, inançları ve değerleri artması, Pekin gibi Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki
çevre tarafından kontrol edilerek belirlenir. diğer pek çok kent merkezini bunlarla başa çıkma
konusunda zorlanmaktadır.
E) Çevresel determinizm öğretisine göre, bireysel
insan eylemleri, inançları ve değerleri çevre
tarafından kontrol edilir veya belirlenir.
10
44. Humanitarian relief projects are undertaken 45. In the late 1950s and early 1960s many
by governments, intergovernmental studies were conducted to determine whether
organisations and nongovernmental people’s rank in birth order among their siblings
organisations in order to prevent starvation, was correlated to the later development of
diseases, and other hardships. schizophrenia.
A) Açlık, hastalıklar ve diğer sıkıntıları önlemek A) 1950'lerin sonu ve 1960’ların başlarında,

için hükümetler, hükümetlerarası örgütler ve sivil kişilerin kardeşleri arasındaki doğum sırasının
toplum kuruluşları insani yardım projeleri ileride şizofreninin gelişmesiyle ilişkili olup
yürütmektedir. olmadığını belirlemek için birçok çalışma
yapılmıştır.
B) İnsani yardım projeleri açlık, hastalıklar ve
diğer sıkıntıları önlemek amacıyla hükümetler, B) Kişilerin kardeşleri arasındaki doğum sırası ile
hükümetlerarası örgütler ve sivil toplum ileride şizofreni oluşması arasında bir ilişki
kuruluşları tarafından yürütülür. olduğunu göstermek için 1950'lerin sonu ve
1960’ların başlarında birçok çalışma yapılmıştır.
C) Hükümetler, hükümetlerarası örgütler ve sivil
toplum kuruluşları tarafından yürütülen insani C) 1950'lerin sonu ve 1960’ların başlarında
yardım projeleri, açlık, hastalıklar ve diğer yapılmış olan birçok çalışmanın amacı, kişilerin
sıkıntıları önleme amacı taşımaktadır. kardeşleri arasındaki doğum sırasının ileride
şizofreninin gelişmesiyle ilişkili olup olmadığını
D) Açlık, hastalıklar ve diğer sıkıntıları önleyecek
belirlemektir.
insani yardım projeleri hükümetler,
hükümetlerarası örgütler ve sivil toplum D) Kişilerin kardeşleri arasındaki doğum sırasının
kuruluşları tarafından yürütülür. ileride şizofreninin gelişmesiyle ilişkili olduğunu
gösteren, 1950'lerin sonu ve 1960’ların
E) Hükümetler, hükümetlerarası örgütler ve sivil
başlarında yapılmış birçok çalışma vardır.
toplum kuruluşları açlık, hastalıklar ve diğer
sıkıntıları insani yardım projeleri yürüterek E) 1950’lerin sonu ve 1960’ların başlarında
önlemektedir. yapılan birçok çalışmada, kişilerin kardeşleri
arasındaki doğum sırasının ileride şizofreni
oluşması ile ilişkili olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
11
46. Although both are increasingly popularised 47. Hammurabi, who reigned 1792-1750 BCE
versions of running where speed and endurance according to the widely accepted chronology of
are of great importance, marathon is only run ancient Mesopotamia, was the sixth and most
for competition, while long-distance running can prominent king of the First Dynasty of Babylon.
be done for recreation.
A) Yaygın şekilde kabul gören eski Mezopotamya
A) Uzun mesafe koşusu eğlence için yapılabilirken kronolojisine göre M.Ö. 1792-1750 yıllarında
maraton sadece yarışma için koşulur, ancak her hüküm süren Hammurabi, Birinci Babil
ikisi de hız ve dayanıklılığın oldukça önemli Hanedanlığının altıncı ve en önemli kralıydı.
olduğu koşunun gittikçe yaygınlaşan türleridir.
B) Birinci Babil Hanedanlığının altıncı ve en
B) Her ikisi de hız ve dayanıklılığın büyük önem önemli kralı olan Hammurabi, yaygın şekilde
taşıdığı koşunun gittikçe yaygınlaşan türleri olsa kabul gören antik Mezopotamya kronolojisine
da uzun mesafe koşusu eğlence için yapılabilirken göre M.Ö. 1792-1750 yıllarında hüküm
maraton sadece yarışma için koşulur. sürmüştür.
C) Hem uzun mesafe koşusu hem de maraton, hız C) Hammurabi, yaygın şekilde kabul gören eski
ve dayanıklılığın büyük önem taşıdığı koşunun Mezopotamya kronolojisine göre M.Ö. 1792-
gittikçe yaygınlaşan türleridir, ancak birisi eğlence 1750 yıllarında hüküm sürmüştür ve Birinci Babil
için yapılabilirken diğeri sadece yarışma için Hanedanlığının altıncı ve en önemli kralıdır.
koşulur.
D) Yaygın şekilde kabul görmüş olan eski
D) Her ikisi de hız ve dayanıklılığın son derece Mezopotamya kronolojisine göre M.Ö. 1792-
önemli olduğu koşunun gittikçe yaygınlaşan 1750 yıllarında hüküm süren Hammurabi, Birinci
türleri olmasına rağmen, uzun mesafe koşusu Babil Hanedanlığının altıncı ve en önemli kralı
eğlence için, maraton ise sadece yarışma için olarak bilinir.
koşulur.
E) Yaygın şekilde kabul gören eski Mezopotamya
E) Uzun mesafe koşusu eğlence için yapılırken kronolojisine göre M.Ö. 1792-1750 yıllarında
maraton sadece yarışma için koşulur ve koşunun hüküm süren ve Birinci Babil Hanedanlığının
gittikçe yaygınlaşan bu iki türünde hız ve altıncı ve en önemli kralı Hammurabi'dir.
dayanıklılık büyük önem taşır.
12
48-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe 49. Afrika ülkelerindeki politik ve ekonomik

cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi yaşam koşulları iyileşmedikçe, gelişmiş
bulunuz. ülkelerde daha iyi bir yaşam arayan Afrikalıların
sayısının artmaya devam etmesi muhtemeldir.
48. Her ne kadar medeniyet insanların A) The number or Africans seeking a better life in
Mezopotamya’ya yerleşmesiyle ortaya çıkmış developed countries is likely to increase as the
olsa da istila ve bölünmelere rağmen millet ve political and economic living conditions in African
kültür gibi kavramların üzerinde durulmaya countries do not improve.
başlanması Çin’de olmuştur.
B) The improvement of political and economic
A) Even though people started civilisation by living conditions in African countries depends on
settling in Mesopotamia, the emphasis on the decrease in the number of Africans looking
concepts like nation and culture began in China for a better life in developed countries.
in spite of invasions and divisions.
C) Even if the political and economic living
B) While civilisation began in Mesopotamia with conditions in African countries improve, Africans
the settlement of people, concepts like nation seeking a better life in developed countries are
and culture began to be emphasised in China in likely to continually increase in number.
spite of invasions and divisions.
D) As long as the life conditions of Africans in
C) Although civilisation began with the African countries do not improve in terms of
settlement of people in Mesopotamia, it was in political and economic issues, more and more
China, despite invasions and divisions, that Africans will continue seeking a potentially better
concepts like nation and culture began to be life in developed countries.
emphasised.
E) Unless the political and economic living
D) The settlement of people in Mesopotamia conditions in African countries improve, it is likely
gave birth to civilisation; however, it was in China that the number of Africans seeking a better life
that the concepts of nation and culture were in developed countries will continue to increase.
given emphasis due to invasions and divisions.
E) The emphasis on the concepts of nation and

culture began in China due to invasions and
divisions even if it was in Mesopotamia where
people started civilisation by settling there.
13
50. Çoğu öğrenci, hem sınıf arkadaşları hem de 51. Fazlasıyla hassas ve yetersiz duygusal
öğretmenleri ile olan ilişkilerine önem verir ve kontrole sahip olan küçük çocuklar, sosyal
genellikle bu ilişkilerden büyük destek görür. olsalar bile, olumlu sosyal etkileşimlere
girmekte ve ilişkileri sürdürmekte
A) Their relationships with both classmates and
zorlanmaktadırlar.
teachers are valued by most students, and great
support is often provided to them by these A) As they are highly sensitive and have
relationships. insufficient emotional control, toddlers have
problems in having positive social interactions
B) Relationships with classmates as well as with
and maintaining relationships even if they are
teachers are valuable for most students in that
sociable.
they are usually supported by these relationships
to a great extent. B) Even the sociable toddlers have a hard time
entering into positive social interactions and
C) A great deal of support most students get from
maintaining their relationships if they are highly
relationships with classmates and teachers is why
sensitive and do not have much emotional
they usually value these relationships.
control.
D) Most students value their relationships with
C) Even if they are sociable, some toddlers have a
both their classmates and teachers, and often
hard time engaging in positive social interactions
they get a good deal of support from these
and maintaining their relationships as they are
relationships.
too sensitive and have little emotional control.
E) Through valuing their relationships not only
D) Even though some toddlers are sociable, they
with classmates but also with teachers, most
may have a hard time having positive social
students often enjoy tremendous support from
interactions and maintaining relationships when
these relationships.
they act too sensitively and have insufficient
control over their emotions.
E) Toddlers who are highly sensitive and have

insufficient emotional control have a difficult
time entering into positive social interactions and
maintaining relationships even if they are
sociable.
14
52. Sanayileşmenin iki yüzyıllık bir dönem 53. Araştırmalar, antidepresan ilaçlarının
boyunca sürdüğü büyük Batı şehirlerinin aksine, yetişkinlerdeki depresyon için etkili tedavi
Dubai bu tür bir dönüşümü sadece 50 yıl yöntemleri olabileceğini açıkça gösterse de,
içerisinde yaşadı. çocuklar için antidepresan ilaç kullanımı
tartışmalıdır.
A) Different from major Western cities whose
industrialisation lasted for a period of two A) Although research clearly demonstrates that
centuries, Dubai needed only 50 years to go antidepressant medications can be effective
through such kind of transformation. treatment methods for depression in adults, the
use of antidepressant medication for children has
B) Although the industrialisation of major
been controversial.
Western cities took place over a period of two
centuries, such kind of transformation was B) Despite the obvious presence of the research
experienced in only 50 years in Dubai. demonstrating that antidepressant medications
can be effective treatment methods for
C) In contrast to major Western cities where
depression in adults, the use of antidepressant
industrialisation lasted for a period of two
medication for children is open to discussion.
centuries, Dubai experienced such kind of
transformation in only 50 years. C) Using antidepressant medications for children
is a controversial issue, yet research evidently
D) While major Western cities underwent
shows that antidepressant medications can be
industrialisation over a period of two centuries,
effective treatment methods for depression in
Dubai completed such kind of transformation in
adults.
only 50 years.
D) No matter how effective antidepressant
E) Contrary to major Western cities which went
medications could be for depression in adults, it
through industrialisation over a period of two
is clear from research that using antidepressant
centuries, it took only 50 years for Dubai to
medications with children could be controversial.
undergo such kind of transformation.
E) Despite the controversy over the use of
antidepressant medication for children,
antidepressant medications could provide
effective treatment methods for depression in
adults.
15
54-59. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada 55. Whenever we hear music, it sets off a series
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için of reactions that could have several effects on
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. our minds and bodies. For a start, music can
trigger our memories. When we play a tune that
we have listened to before, our brain may call
54. Attachments are emotional bonds that unite
up what we were doing and how we were
people across time and space. Attachments
feeling when you heard it last. ----- Second,
form beginning in infancy, where they
hearing mellow music might help the body dial
contribute to human survival by bringing
down the production of stress hormones, like
infants, who are dependent on the care of an
cortisol or epinephrine. Calming tunes, like you
adult, ant their caregivers together. ----- Forming
would hear at a beauty spa, might also prompt a
attachments to parents or caregivers through
slowing of your heart rate or a deepening of
such mutual exchange is seen as a hallmark of
your breathing.
socioemotional development in the first year of
life. A) Music tastes can change throughout one's
entire lifetime.
A) Behaviours such as crying and clinging on the
part of infants and protection and comforting of B) There is a powerful connection between an
caregivers result in physical and emotional individual's personality and music tastes.
closeness.
C) Not all patients with psychological disorders
B) Attachments can change over time, but these respond positively to music therapy.
changes are only likely to result from very
significant changes in the caregiving D) To understand the complexity of music, we
environment. need to use the brain's centre for executive
thought.
C) Sometimes, however, infants develop
attachments that reflect uncertainty or distrust in E) For instance, when we are not feeling very
the responsiveness of the caregiver. well, we could listen to a tune from a happier
time to feel better.
D) Essential to the concept of attachment is the
belief that differences in caregiving yield
different attachment patterns.
E) Characteristics of attachment relationships are

most clearly shown when the child is stressed.
16
56. On September 1, 1830, the 28-year-old poet 57. The goal of the communication process is
Victor Hugo sat down to write Chapter 1 of a mutual understanding — sharing the rope
book called Notre Dame de Paris. His wife together and maintaining its strength. When
recalled: “He bought himself a bottle of ink and this goal is achieved, participants hear each
a huge grey knitted shawl, which covered him other out and easily understand what they want
from head to foot; locked away his formal to convey. ----- Instead, they communicate in a
clothes, so that he would not be tempted to go collaborative fashion — a conversation
out; and entered his novel as if it were a characterised by respect and sincerity. They may
prison.” By the middle of January 1831 the book have their differences, but differences are not
was, astonishingly, finished, and Hugo had an excuse to contradict; rather, differences are
written nearly 180,000 words in four and a half issues to work through to reach the desired
months. ----- The English edition was called The outcome.
Hunchback of Notre Dame, a title at once more
A) When their goals differ from each other,
vulgar and more alluring, and Hugo became
interpersonal conflicts may arise, disrupting the
world famous.
communication process.
A) Hugo's huge novel begins with a passage in
B) For many people, one of the biggest
which he imagines a fire at the Cathedral of
challenges at the workplace is to communicate
Notre Dame.
with others successfully.
B) Colourful and violent, it has many vivid scenes,
C) During the communication process,
including a dramatic midnight attack on the
participants take turns being senders and
Cathedral of Notre Dame.
receivers.
C) It got poor reviews but the public loved it, and
D) They do not battle as competitors, nor do they
it was quickly translated into other languages.
create obstacles to their interaction.
D) When Victor Hugo began writing the novel,
E) Listening actively and expressing their
the Cathedral of Notre Dame was in danger of
messages to each other in a clear way help them
collapsing.
communicate effectively.
E) Hugo, the central figure of the Romantic
movement in France, wrote a number of other
novels besides Notre Dame de Paris.
17
58. Humans are not the only tool-users and tool- 59. On 24 August 79 AD, the volcano of Mount
makers. ----- Tool-use and tool-making are found Vesuvius, which was thought to be extinct,
in such diverse groups of vertebrates that tool reawakened and blew up, spewing a
behaviour carries no implications for the mushroom-shaped cloud into the air to the
relatedness of species and is in most cases amazement and terror of the onlookers. When
simply an opportunistic solution to a local the eruption was over, the cities of Pompeii,
adaptive problem. For example, gorillas shake Herculaneum, and Stabiae had been sealed in
and drop vegetation to discourage intrusion. ash and lava. ----- The lava preserved the wall
While floating on their backs, sea otters balance decorations of the houses and the mosaics on
stones on their chests to crack open mussels. their floors for modern excavators to discover.
Overall, the mere presence of tool-use or tool- While wall-paintings from other sites are only
making does not make humans unique. isolated finds, the art from Pompeii and
Herculaneum show the changes in Roman taste
A) It is important to be clear as to what we mean
over three centuries.
by tool-making, which is a human-specific
behaviour. A) The eruption would claim the total destruction
of official records that were the major sources
B) Many mammals and birds also modify and use
for information about Roman art.
objects to assist them with nesting, feeding,
defence, and so on. B) Pompeii and Herculaneum were covered with
ash, leaving no living creature behind.
C) Human tool behaviour is special than that of
animals which use objects in their environment. C) While the eruption was a terrible tragedy in
the ancient world, it was a blessing for modern
D) There are, definitely, considerable differences
art historians.
between human tool-use and animal tool-use.
D) Pompeii and Stabiae, directly beneath the
E) Of all the animals that use tools in a
volcano, were only covered in easily removable
sophisticated way, the chimpanzee is the most
ash and pumice.
remarkable example.
E) However, it was in Pompeii where the first
examples of Roman amphitheatres were
constructed in 80 BCE.
18
60-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla 62. (I) Born in Illinois, Ronald Reagan, 40th
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü President of the United States of America,
bozan cümleyi bulunuz achieved fame as an actor in Hollywood movies
and television before turning to politics. (II) In
1966, Reagan was elected governor of California,
60. (I) The knowledge that native speakers have
owing in part to a wave of voter reaction to a
is mostly unconscious knowledge. (II) They
student rebellion at the University of California at
‘know’ how to use their language, but they
Berkeley, and served until 1975. (III) He narrowly
usually cannot explain how or why they say what
missed the Republican Party nomination for
they say. (III) Speakers must know the meanings
president in 1976 before succeeding in 1980 and
of the words they use. (IV) The scientific
going on to win the presidency. (IV) In foreign
description and explanation of this knowledge, as
policy, President Reagan sought a more
possessed by a language's native users, is known
aggressive role for the nation. (V) Known as the
broadly as descriptive grammar. (V) In its folk
‘Great Communicator’ for his mastery of
sense, however, grammar often refers to
television, Reagan won re-election in 1984.
prescriptive rules of use that are, in fact, social
rules rather than linguistic rules. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
63. (I) The 18th century witnessed one of the

fundamental shifts in European education, in
61. (I) Shortly after a traumatic event, most
which scientific and technical education would
traumatised people experience significant
assume a more central role. (II) Women’s
emotional distress that, in the majority of cases,
education in the sciences was usually restricted
diminishes overtime. (II) Individuals, for example,
to simple math for doing household accounts and
may label many different events as traumatic.
some medicine and ‘kitchen chemistry’. (III) The
(III) Although there are individual differences in
main process by which this came about was the
patterns of emotional recovery from a traumatic
greater involvement in education by the state as
event, most people recover within the first few
opposed to the church. (IV) The basic function of
weeks or months after the event. (IV) However, a
most European schools had been religious
substantial minority experience persistent
indoctrination, the teaching of simple skills, and,
chronic psychological problems related to the
for boys, the Latin language. (V) 18th-century
trauma. (V) In some cases, individuals appear to
educational reformers emphasised utility and
recover relatively well from the trauma, only to
practical knowledge, frequently identified with
have trauma related problems surface months or
mathematics and science.
years later.
19
64. (I) When colonial powers invade other 65. (I) Across its fairly short history, psychology
countries, their languages often become has had several major theoretical movements.
dominant. (II) For example, countries such as (II) Perhaps the most important are
Britain, France, and Spain have generally Behaviourism, Gestalt Theory, Psychoanalytic
imposed their languages along with their rule. and Psychodynamic Theory, Humanistic Theories,
(III) However, this has not always resulted in Attachment Theory, Socio-biology,
language shift or death because it might not be Neurobiological Theories, and Cognitive Science.
possible for a single alien and imported language (III) Behaviourism is the school of psychology that
to displace or eradicate hundreds of indigenous considers observable behaviour to be the only
languages. (IV) Multilingualism, for instance, has worthwhile object of study. (IV) Some of these
been well-established as normal in former movements were natural outgrowths of earlier
colonial countries like India and Papua New ones, and others were reactions against earlier
Guinea. (V) Most Aboriginal people in Australia approaches. (V) These movements have shaped
and many American Indian people in the USA psychology’s history and most contemporary
have similarly lost their languages over four or psychologists do not limit themselves to any one
five generations of colonial rule. theoretical view.
20
66-68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 67. What was Meltzoff’s main reason for using a
cevaplayınız. very young participant in his research?
A) Comparing his findings from this participant

In the 1970s, the American psychologist Andrew with those in other studies
Meltzoff initiated a revolution of sorts in
developmental psychology when he B) Ruling out the findings of another study on
demonstrated that newborns instinctively imitate older babies
some rudimentary facial expressions such as a C) Ensuring the absence of prior knowledge of
slight smile. The youngest of the babies who was the expressions displayed
tested by Meltzoff was only forty-one minutes
old. Every second of his life had been D) Experimenting on newborns of different ages
documented in order to demonstrate that he had irrespective of gender
not previously seen the gestures that Meltzoff
E) Reproducing the newborn's reactions through
performed for his experiment. Still, the baby
imagery
managed to imitate those gestures. Thus,
Meltzoff argued, an innate mechanism must be
present in the newborn’s brain that allows such
imitative behaviour to take place. This evidence
was revolutionary because dogma held that
babies learn to imitate in the second year of life,
a belief originating in the work of Jean Piaget,
probably the most influential figure ever in the
field of developmental psychology. In effect, the
Piaget school implicitly suggested that babies
learn to imitate, but Meltzoff’s data suggested
that they may actually learn by imitating.
68. It is clear from the passage that Jean Piaget
----.
66. The underlined word ‘rudimentary’ in the
passage is closest in meaning to ----. A) generally had less of an impact on
developmental psychology than Meltzoff
A) weird
B) suggested that babies are not born with the
B) basic innate ability to imitate
C) doubtful C) proved that the newborn's brain has an innate
mechanism
D) serious
D) was able to revolutionise experimental
E) intense
techniques on newborns
E) would agree with Meltzoff’s ideas about

imitative behaviour to a great extent
21
69-71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 70. According to the passage, the Indian
cevaplayınız. independence movement ------.
Whereas colonisation is generally defined as the
occupation and control of one territory by A) was greatly supported by the European
another, generally by the European empires, powers as it was a relatively peaceful movement
decolonisation technically refers to the break-up B) was unusual compared to other independence
of empires and the formal independence of the movements as it was less violent
former colonies. World systems theorists argue
that the opportunities for states on the global C) was triggered by the guerrilla conflicts inside
periphery to fight against colonial powers are the country
best when the core (the controlling power) is in
D) was different from other movements given
crisis. Thus, the Napoleonic Wars of the early
that it included people from various walks of life
19th century afforded Latin America the
opportunity to break away fairly early. Similarly, E) was led especially by Western-educated
World Wars I and II proved to be the remarkable intellectuals, who introduced the term
moments when the Western control over much ‘decolonisation’
of Africa and Asia was finally broken. The shift
toward decolonisation during the post-World
War II era was complex. Often independence
movements were composed of broad coalitions
of nationalists, students, the intelligentsia, and
peasants, frequently led by Western-educated
intellectuals (e.g., Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam,
Mohandas Gandhi in India). The struggle for
independence was violent, involving prolonged
guerrilla conflicts and wars, extending over a
period of years, and sometimes decades. The
relatively peaceful independence movement in
India was the exception, although the division of
South Asia into India and Pakistan involved
extensive civil conflict and the deaths of millions.
71. What is the primary purpose of the author?
69. According to world systems theorists, ------.
A) To describe the characteristics of the
A) the division of the world into core states and
decolonisation process after World War II
periphery states should be objected by all
nations B) To compare the Indian independence
movement with other movements
B) the decolonisation process of Asia and Africa
was initiated by the European empires after C) To explain how the Western control over Asia
World Wars I and II and Africa first started
C) decolonisation of a territory is most likely to D) To inform the reader on decolonisation by
occur when colonisers are going through giving examples from history
extremely difficult times
E) To show the differences between Latin
D) the Napoleonic Wars had a more profound America and Asia based on their decolonisation
effect on decolonisation compared to World process
Wars I and II
E) Latin America received the heaviest damage

from the Napoleonic Wars in the early 19th
century
22
72-74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 73. According to the passage what makes
cevaplayınız. forensic science a unique field of study?
A) Chemical, physical and biological materials are

There are those who say that there really is no analysed in a more detailed way in forensic
such thing as 'forensic science'; that instead, it is science than in any other discipline.
a collection of scientific techniques and principles
borrowed from 'real' sciences such as chemistry, B) Its principles and techniques have become
biology, physics, medicine, and mathematics. completely different from those of some other
However, although many of the techniques used 'real' sciences.
in modern forensic science have been borrowed C) The processes related to the collection,
from other sciences, it is also true that in recent preservation, evaluation, and presentation of
years, it has matured into a scientific discipline in evidence are included in forensic science.
its own right. Many techniques used in the
analysis of physical evidence have been designed D) Criminal and civil courts now require the
and perfected principally for forensic purples. careful analysis of physical evidence more
Also, forensic science does not just involve frequently than they did in the past.
analysis of chemical, physical and biological
E) Different techniques and principles are
materials. There are important considerations of
adopted in each process of forensic science.
collection and preservation of evidence,
interpretation of findings from analysis, and
presentation of expert, scientific testimony in
criminal and civil courts. These processes are not
isolated, and they are carefully integrated by
forensic science, which has led it to have an
obvious impact on the criminal and civil justice
systems in the world. This is actually what makes
forensic science a unique field of study.
72. It is pointed out in the passage that forensic

science ------. 74. What is the passage mainly about?
A) must be equipped with new techniques and A) The main characteristics of the processes
principles so that it can be called a separate followed in forensic science
scientific discipline
B) Current techniques used in forensic science to
B) has borrowed its principles and techniques analyse physical evidence
from other disciplines, and thus it cannot be seen
as a scientific discipline alone C) Different disciplines whose techniques and
principles are used in forensic science
C) is a scientific discipline that contributes
enormously to other disciplines such as D) The impact of forensic science on the criminal
chemistry and biology and civil justice systems in the world
D) has evolved into a distinct discipline, which E) The reasons why forensic science can be
has a number of techniques particularly described as a scientific discipline
developed for forensic purposes
E) has to employ a large variety of techniques

from other disciplines since its own techniques
have not yet been improved
23
75-77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre

cevaplayınız.
Road books, showing the main towns, features 76. It is clear from the passage that Leonardo da
and crossroads and the distances between them Vinci -----.
had existed as early as Roman times, the A) inspired John Ogilvy for his illustrations to
Itinerarium Antoninus being compiled about AD design a sophisticated ‘waywiser’ in 1675
200. The Romans probably measured distances in
paces, not the most reliable method. Leonardo B) updated the road books compiled in Roman
da Vinci illustrated in his notebook a form of times through his precise map illustrations
‘perambulator’ or odometer, in which a pebble
C) illustrated his ‘perambulator’, but the device
fell into a box every time the wheel revolved but,
might not have been produced at all
like so many of the inventions that he sketched,
it is doubtful if it was ever made. An illustration D) was able to meet the growing need for
in John Ogilvy’s Britannia, published in 1675, accurate road books with his invention
shows a waywiser, for measuring road distances,
rolling along a roadway with a more E) was doubtful of earlier maps for their lack of
sophisticated form of gearing to count the accuracy in measuring distances
rotations of its wheel. Waywisers became quite
common by the mid-eighteenth century and,
with more people travelling, there was a growing
demand for road books showing distances. All
maps were originally printed by engraving
processes as they were successively developed.
Today we can rely on precise and accurate maps,
and the techniques of computer aided design and
other advanced printing methods as applied to
cartography, allow a high degree of accuracy and
frequent updating.
75. According to the passage, the Itinerarium 77. Which of the following can be the best title
Antoninus -----. for this passage?
A) was more reliable compared to Leonardo da A) The Need for Accurate Maps in Earlier Ages
Vinci's perambulator
B) The Leading Role of the Romans in Writing
B) could be accepted as an earlier form of road Road Books
map
C) The Current Techniques Used for Printing Road
C) included the same town names as those in Books
John Ogilvy's Britannia
D) A Brief History of Measuring Road Distances
D) lacked certain features compared to other
E) The Role of Computers in the Art of
similar books of the period
Cartography
E) could be printed only after the invention of
engraving processes
24
78-80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 79. It is clearly stated in the passage that feeling
cevaplayınız. sad -----.
A) can provide us with better qualities compared

Sadness comes in response to a real or potential to happiness
loss and signals that restoration is needed. As a
result, it motivates change, and different types of B) means that we are less rational but more
sadness stimulate different types of fix. In one confident
study, subjects imagined breaking up with their C) brings potentially serious risks to our lives
partner, failing to achieve an important goal and
then listed all the things they would like to do. D) might make us more superficial in our
Those who felt a relationship loss outlined the relationships
most social activities, and those who felt failure
E) makes more sense after very important losses
listed more work-related activities. Sadness
makes you more rational and your thinking more
concrete. It reduces naivety, forgetfulness, and
the likelihood of becoming a victim of unfair
treatment. It also makes you more sensitive to
social norms, increasing politeness and fairness.
By contrast, happiness can lead to superficial
thinking, overconfidence, and extreme risk
taking. Accepting negative feelings such as
sadness can, ironically, lower depression; it does
not compound the problem by making people
feel bad for feeling bad. Avoiding sadness, anger
or boredom means distancing ourselves from our
negative feelings, which can damage everyday
functioning and growth. It also alienates us from
the full range of human experience. Therefore,
80. According to the passage instead of avoiding
accepting negative feelings can be one of the
negative feelings, one should -----.
hugest growing experiences one will ever have.
A) embrace them to be able to mature
B) question whether they are treated fairly

78. According to the passage, the reason for our
sadness -----. C) be more sensitive to the social norms
A) can differ but this feeling may refer to a need D) focus more on positive feelings
to change
E) try to develop skills like rational thinking
B) depends on what we expect from life: success
in work or social life
C) might be more serious if it results from a social

relation TEST BİTTİ
D) is generally associated with our work-life CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ

balance
E) is directly related to our personality traits
25
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.A 21.B 41.E 61.B

2.E 22.A 42.C 62.D
3.C 23.A 43.B 63.B
4.B 24.C 44.B 64.E
5.A 25.E 45.A 65.C
6.B 26.B 46.B 66.B
7.D 27.E 47.A 67.C
8.B 28.D 48.C 68.B
9.C 29.B 49.E 69.C
10.C 30.E 50.D 70.B
11.A 31.E 51.E 71.D
12.C 32.C 52.C 72.D
13.A 33.A 53.A 73.C
14.D 34.D 54.A 74.E
15.C 35.A 55.E 75.B
16.C 36.E 56.C 76.C
17.C 37.C 57.D 77.D
18.D 38.B 58.B 78.A
19.B 39.D 59.C 79.A
20.B 40.A 60.C 80.A
26
28 Ağustos 2022 Sonbahar YÖKDİL Sağlık Sınavı
1-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 4. Bleeding gums is an inflammatory response to
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. bacterial plaque, so if you brush -----, your gums
will not bleed.
1. Changing eating patterns is critical for A) properly

reversing the ----- of diabetes, and although
there is not a one-size-fits-all diet, experts agree B) fairly
that low-carbohydrate diets do help. C) sparingly
A) inhibition D) hardly
B) admission E) recklessly
C) application
D) progression
E) maintenance
5. Clinical trials show that a daily capsule of

lavender oil ----- anxiety in a way that
Incomparable to prescribed medications.
2. Differences within our genetic code are
responsible for everything from what we look A) nourishes
like, our personality traits to our ----- to disease. B) relieves
A) inferiority C) exaggerates
B) predisposition D) accelerates
C) variance E) mandates
D) anticipation
E) conformity
6. While a psychiatrist who adopts a medical

model of mental illness is far more likely to
implement a pharmaceutical treatment
3. The first step in an audiologic assessment is a approach, a clinical psychologist ----- various
----- examination in which the audiologist psychotherapeutic techniques to treat a client.
examines the structures of the outer and middle
ears with an otoscope. A) relies on
A) chronic B) interferes with
B) hostile C) calls off
C) preliminary D) sets back
D) reversible E) breaks into
E) redundant
1
7. Low-fat, flavoured yogurt ----- very high in 10. If you do not have an hour that you can
added sugar and thickeners, so it ----- better to dedicate ----- exercise, work on incorporating
choose plain, whole-milk yogurt and blend it more activity ----- your daily routine, such as
with fresh fruit or honey to get natural taking the stairs instead of the elevator.
sweetness.
A) with / through
A) may be / has to be
B) on / within
B) should be / had to be
C) at / beneath
C) would be / must be
D) for / across
D) used to be / could be
E) to / into
E) can be / might be
11. One of the major health trends in recent

8. Mounting evidence ----- that Alzheimer’s years, particularly ----- more affluent countries,
disease ----- caused by inflammatory response to is the move ----- a more plant-based diet.
pathogens that afflict brain tissue.
A) with / back
A) would suggest / had to be
B) in / towards
B) suggested / used to be
C) at / without
C) had suggested / can be
D) over / against
D) has suggested / will be
E) along / from
E) suggests / could be
12. Major life changes are the greatest

9. To maximise the absorption of calcium, we contributor of stress for most of us ----- they
should separate calcium-rich foods and place the biggest demands on our resources for
supplements ----- iron supplements by two coping.
hours, and avoid drinking tea ----- meals as the
A) before
tannins in tea reduce calcium absorption.
B) because
A) to / at
C) unless
B) during I for
D) although
C) in / over
E) as if
D) from / with
E) off / within
2
13. Animals can also have reactions to pollen 16. Discovering what babies can see has been a
and other environmental allergens ----- they formidable challenge, ------ research methods
have different symptoms than we do and should now provide an objective picture of their
be treated differently as well. surprising visual abilities.
A) when A) for
B) though B) nor
C) since C) otherwise
D) so D) but
E) just as E) similarly
14. ----- you consume only the juice of fruits and 17. ----- the recent technological developments,
vegetables by squeezing them as in detox diets, orthopaedic surgeons can now repair limbs that
you miss out on the fibre, protein, vitamins and would have been routinely amputated.
minerals they provide, so it is better to eat them
A) Thanks to
as a whole.
B) As opposed to
A) Whether
C) Prior to
B) If
D) Regardless of
C) Although
E) Despite
D) Until
E) As though
18. Listeriosis infections are caused by Listeria

monocytogenes bacteria, usually in
15. ----- some lasers can temporarily or contaminated food ----- raw meat and poultry,
permanently discolour the skin, darker-skinned unwashed vegetables, and dairy products.
patients should make sure that their surgeon is
A) such as
qualified enough to perform laser procedures.
B) because of
A) While
C) despite
B) Since
D) in terms of
C) When
E) according to
D) So that
E) Though
3
19. While buying fish, we need to make 20. If there is a breach of your body’s defences,
decisions ----- about what kind of fish we might your body increases blood supply to the
enjoy eating ----- about the nutritional, affected site, ----- brings in elements of your
toxicological and environmental dilemmas. immune system and raises your temperature.
A) so / that A) when
B) neither / nor B) why
C) as / as C) where
D) not only / but also D) what
E) the more / the less E) which
4
21-25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

da ifadeyi bulunuz. 23.
A) demonstrated
The exact cause of acne is mostly unknown. B) would have demonstrated
Sometimes, when acne in women is (21)-----
excess male hormone production, it is diagnosed C) had demonstrated
by an onset of the condition in adulthood. This
D) will demonstrate
can take different forms such as excessive growth
of hair, especially in places not usual (22)----- a E) is demonstrating
female, called hirsutism; irregular menstrual
cycles; and premenstrual flare-ups of acne. A
study conducted in 2001 (23)----- that menstrual
cycle does affect acne. Surprisingly, the study
(24)----- that 53 per cent of women over age 33 24.
experienced a higher premenstrual acne rate
A) resumed
than women under age 20. Many practitioners
believe the interaction between the body’s B) suspended
hormones, skin protein, skin secretions, and
bacteria determines the course of acne; (25)-----, C) undertook
several other factors have been shown to affect
D) substituted
the condition.
E) indicated
21.
A) on behalf of
25.
B) due to
A) also
C) according to
B) at first
D) prior to
C) otherwise
E) such as
D) for example
E) in short
22.
A) on
B) along
C) from
D) by
E) at
5

da ifadeyi bulunuz. A) immediate
B) ambiguous
Sleep is one of the body’s most basic needs for C) harsh
health, yet with today’s busy lifestyles, sleep
deprivation has become all too common. (26)----- D) fragile
, nearly half of all adults report having difficulty
E) provincial
sleeping. There are five stages of sleep defined
by brain wave activity, muscle tone, and eye
movement. Stage one, or what we know as
drowsy sleep, (27)----- the onset of sleep. During
stage two, conscious awareness of the (28)-----
environment disappears as we do not know what
is going on around us. During stages three and 29.
four, the body goes into a deeper sleep, and the
A) as to
brain produces what are called delta waves. It is
during this time that the body’s major organs and B) such as
regulatory systems are busy working on repair
and regeneration and certain hormones, (29)----- C) irrespective of
growth hormone, are secreted. Stage five, known
D) compared to
as REM (rapid eye movement), is the stage during
which we dream. The exact amount of sleep E) in need of
needed varies (30)----- individuals, but is thought
to be between seven and nine hours.
26.
A) Nonetheless
B) Afterwards 30.
C) Eventually A) along
D) By comparison B) from
E) For example C) on
D) around
27. E) among
A) will represent
B) represented
C) represents
D) had represented
E) has represented
6
31-41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun 33. Although advances are made in medicine,
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. -----.
A) scientists have adopted protective measures

31. Although the exact causes of cardiovascular to deal with the spread of non-communicable
disease are not fully understood, -----. diseases
A) patients recovering from heart disease often B) universal access to healthcare is still regarded
experience a variety of psychological reactions as the single largest unmet medical need
that include depression and anxiety
C) healthcare access challenges are largely
B) an accumulating body of evidence points to overcome in both developed and developing
certain risk factors including advancing age, countries
diabetes and family history of heart disease
D) digital technologies to transform healthcare
C) echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to and revolutionising processes offered great relief
create an image of the heart muscle
E) the trust in medicinal treatments has risen
D) the cardiovascular system refers to an dramatically in the last decade
integrated organ system consisting of heart and
blood vessels
E) cardiac rehabilitation programmes aim to help 34. -----, but they may trigger allergy-related
patients stop smoking and adhere to a prescribed disorders or less severe reactions in susceptible
medication regimen individuals.
A) Doctors can easily identify intolerances or

sensitivities to certain foods
32. Since lip skin is thinner and has fewer oil
glands than other skin covering the body, which B) People who are prone to allergies may find it
makes it prone to dryness -----. difficult to cope with high-level toxins
A) people with anxiety tend to bite their lips C) Most people are able to withstand the effects
more frequently leading to micro tears of the toxins of environmental factors
B) herpes simplex is a virus which affects other D) Some doctors claim that common foods may
body parts along with the lips cause hidden or delayed reactions
C) painful chapped lips can annoyingly occur E) A practitioner asks questions about the
particularly in the winter season patient’s medical history, typical diet, and
lifestyle
D) one of the early signs of chronic
hypervitaminosis is dryness of the lips and
anorexia
E) dry lips do not necessarily result in serious skin

problems
7
35. When acne is severe and the lesions are 37. Currently, no public health policies in Europe
deep, -----. prescribe an annual liver health check, -----.
A) it is a common inflammatory skin disease A) thus it is possible to understand liver failure by

characterised by pimples checking liver enzymes in a blood test
B) oral antibiotics may be taken daily to reduce B) because it is difficult for any person to know
the spread of bacteria that he or she has a liver disease due to the lack
of clear symptoms
C) individuals with a family history of acne have
greater susceptibility to the condition C) if one’s physical health worsens when liver
failure is the case
D) treatment for mild acne consists of reducing
the formation of new comedones D) so doctors do not routinely screen for liver
disease unless patients make some complaints
E) teenagers are more likely than anyone to
that signal problems
develop acne
E) as patients feel tired or nauseous after being
diagnosed with a liver disease
36. Although plastic is widely used in medical,

optical and dental devices, -----.
38. A standard cup of coffee contains 90 to 150
A) plastic is a convenient and an accessible
milligrammes of caffeine; -----.
material for various medical uses
A) for instance, it may cause increased symptoms
B) most hospitals refuse to replace them with
of nervousness, including panic attacks and
environmentally friendly alternatives
insomnia
C) recent studies warn us about the danger of
B) likewise, fruit and vegetable juices can be
using of plastic for medical purposes
made in minutes from fresh produce right in
D) patients take full responsibility for the change one’s own kitchen
in any kind of equipment in a surgery room
C) moreover, supplementary foods may be useful
E) it is mostly preferred thanks to its elasticity for individuals who wish to increase the
and availability nutritional value of their meals
D) on the other hand, coffee quickens the

respiration process, and strengthens the pulse
E) however, gourmet versions sold in trendy

coffee emporiums may have double or triple
these amounts
8
39. -----, they are highly popular and routinely 41. The sleep-wake cycle is normally
recommended by natural health care synchronised with the physiological activity of
practitioners. various organ systems; -----.
A) Unless the purpose of doing detox A) however, the primary regulatory mechanisms
programmes is to enhance the body's elimination and the key functions of sleep relate to the brain
of wastes
B) for this reason, studies on sleep-related
B) Though detox programmes have been used for mechanisms reveal that sleep is integrated
thousands of years to treat a variety of health throughout the brain
conditions
C) that is, normal sleep involves significant
C) Even if most people who do detox changes throughout the brainstem and cerebral
programmes notice that they have more energy cortex
D) While detox programmes are not widely D) therefore, sleep can be seen as resupplying
embraced by mainstream medicine brain energy constituents depleted during
waking
E) Since the length of time people follow certain
detox programmes will depend on their existing E) likewise, most amino acids and other brain
health conditions substances vary in relation to different sleep
stages
40. The use of prescription medications may

assist in managing obesity for some individuals -
----.
A) once there is considerable individual

difference in response to these medications
B) whereas most of the side effects of

prescription medications for weight loss are mild
C) although these medications promote weight

loss by helping to diminish appetite
D) as if this condition affected millions of adults

and children, posing serious health risks
E) but it is neither the sole treatment for this

condition, nor is it ever considered a cure
9
42-47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce 43. The ability to transform skin cells into
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi 'induced stem cells’ has been a revolutionary
bulunuz. step, which also holds promise for
understanding psychiatric disorders.
42. Aromatherapy is a holistic treatment based A) Devrim niteliğinde bir gelişme olan deri
on the external use of essential aromatic plant hücrelerinden uyarılmış kök hücre oluşturma
oils to promote physical and spiritual well- yetisi, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkların anlaşılmasında
being. da umut vaat eder.
A) Aromaterapi, aromatik bitki öz yağlarının harici B) Deri hücrelerini uyarılmış kök hücrelere
kullanımına dayanan bütüncül bir tedavi olmakla dönüştürme yetisi, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları
birlikte fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı destekler. anlamak için de umut vaat eden, devrim
niteliğinde bir adım olmuştur.
B) Aromatik bitki öz yağlarının harici kullanımına
dayalı bütüncül bir tedavi yöntemi olan C) Deri hücrelerini uyarılmış kök hücrelere
aromaterapi, fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı dönüştürmeye yönelik atılacak olan ve umut vaat
desteklemeyi amaçlar. eden devrimsel adım, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları
anlamaktır.
C) Aromaterapi, fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı
desteklemek için aromatik bitki öz yağlarının D) Uyarılmış kök hücrelerini deri hücrelerine
harici kullanımına dayanan bütüncül bir tedavidir. dönüştürme yetisi, devrim yaratmasının yanı sıra
psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları anlamaya dair de umut
D) Fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı desteklemeyi
vaat etmektedir.
amaçlayan aromaterapi, aromatik bitki öz
yağlarının harici kullanımına dayanan bütüncül E) Deri hücrelerini uyarılmış kök hücrelere
bir tedavidir. dönüştürme yetisi, psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkları
anlamada umut vaat ederken aynı zamanda
E) Aromaterapi, bitki öz yağlarının harici
devrim niteliğinde bir adım olmuştur.
kullanımına dayalı bütüncül bir tedavi olmakla
birlikte fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığı desteklemeyi
amaçlar.
10
44. While there is scientific evidence that both 45. The prevalence of obesity, which has been
environmental and genetic factors play a role in linked both to decline in physical activity and to
most types of cancer, only 10 per cent of all increased calorie intake has grown dramatically
cancers are classified as hereditary. since 1990 in the USA.
A) Tüm kanser türlerinin sadece yüzde 10'u A) Obezite, ABD'de 1990'dan itibaren yaygınlığı
kalıtsal olarak sınıflandırılır ve çoğu kanser belirgin bir şekilde artan bir hastalıktır ve hem
türünde hem çevresel hem de genetik etkenlerin fiziksel aktivitede azalma hem de artan kalori
rol oynadığına dair bilimsel kanıt mevcuttur. alımıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir.
B) Hem çevresel hem de genetik etkenler çoğu B) Obezite, hem fiziksel aktivitede azalma hem de
kanser türünde rol oynasa da tüm kanserlerin artan kalori alımı ile bağlantılıdır ve yaygınlığı
sadece yüzde 10'unun kalıtsal olarak ABD'de 1990’dan itibaren belirgin bir şekilde
sınıflandırıldığına dair bilimsel kanıt mevcuttur. artmıştır.
C) Çoğu kanser türünde hem çevresel hem de C) ABD'de 1990’dan itibaren yaygınlığı belirgin bir
genetik etkenlerin rol oynadığına dair bilimsel şekilde artan obezite, hem fiziksel aktivitede
kanıt bulunsa da tüm kanserlerin sadece yüzde azalma hem de artan kalori alımı ile
10'u kalıtsal olarak sınıflandırılır. ilişkilendirilmektedir.
D) Yalnızca çevresel etkenlerin değil genetik D) Gerek fiziksel aktivitelerin azalması gerekse
etkenlerin de çoğu kanser türünde rol oynadığına artan kalori alımı ile bağlantılı olduğu bilinen
ilişkin bilimsel kanıt bulunmasına rağmen tüm obezitenin ABD'deki yaygınlığında 1990'dan
kanserlerin sadece yüzde 10'u kalıtsal olarak itibaren belirgin bir artış olmuştur.
sınıflandırılır.
E) Hem fiziksel aktivitede azalma hem de artan
E) Tüm kanser türlerinin sadece yüzde 10’u kalori alımı ile ilişkilendirilen obezitenin
kalıtsal olarak sınıflandırılır ama çoğu kanserde yaygınlığı, ABD’de 1990’dan itibaren belirgin bir
çevresel etkenler kadar genetik etkenlerin de rol şekilde artmıştır.
oynadığını gösteren bilimsel kanıt mevcuttur.
11
46. When a food makes people sick, they are 47. People living in higher-traffic urban areas
inclined to blame it on a food allergy but the have more pronounced wrinkles compared to
reason could be food intolerance – a condition those in more rural environments as pollution
in which the body has trouble digesting the leads to excessive generation of free radicals.
problem food.
A) Trafiğin yoğun olduğu kentsel alanlarda
A) Bir yiyecek insanları rahatsız ettiğinde, insanlar yaşayan insanların, kırsal çevrelerde yaşayanlara
suçu besin alerjisine atma eğilimindedirler ancak kıyasla daha belirgin kırışıklıklarının olmasının
rahatsızlığın nedeni, vücudun sorunlu yiyeceği nedeni kirliliğin, serbest radikallerin aşırı
sindirmede güçlük çektiği bir durum olan gıda üretimine neden olmasıdır.
intoleransı olabilir.
B) Kirlilik serbest radikallerin aşırı üretimine
B) Bir yiyecek insanları rahatsız ediyorsa, suçu neden olmaktadır ve trafiğin yoğun olduğu
besin alerjisine atma eğilimi vardır ancak kentsel alanlarda yaşayan insanların kırsal
vücudun sorunlu yiyeceği sindirmede güçlük çevrelerde yaşayanlara kıyasla daha belirgin
çektiği bir durum olan gıda intoleransı da bunun kırışıklıkları vardır.
nedeni olabilir.
C) Trafiğin yoğun olduğu kentsel alanlarda
C) İnsanlar, bir yiyecek kendilerini rahatsız yaşayan insanların kırsal çevrelerde yaşayanlara
ettiğinde suçu besin alerjisine atma eğiliminde kıyasla daha belirgin kırışıklıkları vardır çünkü
olsalar da, vücudun sorunlu yiyeceği güçlükle kirlilik, serbest radikallerin aşırı üretimine neden
sindirdiği bir durum olan gıda intoleransı da olmaktadır.
bunun nedeni olabilir.
D) Kırsal çevrelerde yaşayanlarla kıyaslandığında
D) Bir yiyecek insanları rahatsız edince genel trafiğin yoğun olduğu kentsel alanlarda yaşayan
eğilim suçu besin alerjisine atmak olsa da, insanların daha belirgin kırışıklıklarının olmasının
vücudun sorunlu yiyeceği sindirmede güçlük nedeni kirliliktir çünkü kirlilik, serbest radikallerin
çektiği gıda intoleransı bu durumun nedeni aşırı üretimine neden olmaktadır.
olabilir.
E) Kirlilik serbest radikallerin aşırı üretimine
E) İnsanlar, bir yiyeceği yedikten sonra rahatsız neden olur ve bu sebeple trafiğin yoğun olduğu
hissediyorsa, suçu besin alerjisine atma kentsel alanlarda yaşayan insanların kırsal
eğilimindedirler, fakat gıda intoleransı, yani çevrelerde yaşayanlara kıyasla daha belirgin
vücudun sorunlu yiyeceği sindirmede güçlük kırışıklıkları vardır.
çekmesi, bu durumun nedeni olabilir.
12
48-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe 49. Suyla ilişkili hastalıklar, sanayileşmiş

cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi ülkelerde ciddi bir sağlık sorunu olarak önemli
bulunuz. ölçüde azaltılmış olsa da, özellikle gelişmekte
olan uluslarda nispeten yaygın olarak
görülmektedir.
48. Enfeksiyon kontrolünün amacı var olan
hastalıkları ve yaraları daha karmaşık hale A) Although water-related diseases have been
getiren hastane yoluyla bulaşan enfeksiyon riski reduced to a great extent as a serious health
oranını azaltmaktır. problem in industrialised countries, they are
relatively widespread, especially in developing
A) Reducing the risk rate of complicated
nations.
infections and existing diseases and injuries
which transmit through the hospitals is the B) Despite a considerable decrease in water-
purpose of infection control. related diseases, which are regarded as a serious
health problem in industrialised countries, they
B) The purpose of infection control is to reduce
are relatively widespread especially in developing
the risk rate of infections transmitting through
nations.
the hospitals, which can make existing diseases
or injuries more complicated. C) No matter how widespread water-related
diseases are as a serious health problem in
C) The objective of infection control is to reduce
developing nations, industrialised countries have
the risk of existing diseases spreading and
managed to reduce them to a great extent.
injuries getting worse as a result of infections
transmitting through the hospitals. D) Water-related diseases are relatively
widespread as a serious health problem in
D) The risk rate of existing diseases and injuries
industrialised countries even if they have been
which get more complicated by the infections
reduced to a great extent especially in
transmitting through the hospitals is reduced
developing nations.
thanks to infection control.
E) Regardless of a considerable decrease in the
E) Infection control aims to reduce the risk rate
number of water-related diseases as a serious
of infections transmitting through the hospitals
health problem in industrialised countries, they
and existing diseases and injuries that can
are still relatively widespread in developing
become more complicated.
nations.
13
50. Günümüzde dünyanın en ünlü ilaçlarından 51. D vitamini, cilt güneş ışığına maruz
biri olan aspirin, kalp krizi geçiren insanlara, kaldığında üretilebilir ya da beslenme yoluyla
onları başka bir kriz geçirmekten korumak için alınabilir, ancak D vitamini çok az yiyecekte ve
düşük dozlarda düzenli olarak verilir. düşük miktarlarda bulunduğu için, çoğu insan
için takviye önerilir.
A) Aspirin, which is routinely prescribed in low
doses to protect people who had a heart attack A) Vitamin D, which can be produced when the
from having another attack, is one of the most skin is exposed to sunlight or could be obtained
famous pills of today’s world. from the diet, is found in few foods and at low
amounts, so a supplement is recommended for
B) Aspirin is now one of the most famous pills in
most people.
the world, and routinely prescribed in low doses
to people who had a heart attack so that they B) Most people are recommended to take
will not have another attack. vitamin D supplements as few foods contain
vitamin D and at low amounts, even though it
C) Today, aspirin is one of the most famous pills
can be produced through the exposure to
in the world, as it is routinely prescribed in low
sunlight or through the diet.
doses to people who had a heart attack to
protect them from having another attack C) Vitamin D can be produced when the skin is
exposed to sunlight or could be obtained from
D) Aspirin, one of the world's most famous pills
the diet, but since vitamin D is found in few foods
today, is routinely prescribed in low doses to
and at low amounts, a supplement is
people who had a heart attack to protect them
recommended for most people.
from having another attack.
D) Although vitamin D, which is produced when
E) Low doses of aspirin, one of the world's most
the skin is exposed to sunlight can also be
famous pills today, are routinely used by people
obtained from the diet, most people are
who had a heart attack to prevent the risk of
recommended a supplement because vitamin D
having another attack.
is found at low amounts in too few foods.
E) A supplement is recommended for most

people when the skin is not exposed to enough
sunlight or vitamin D cannot be obtained from
the diet, as vitamin D is found in few foods and at
low amounts.
14
52. İnsanlarla yapılan çalışmalar, beslenme 53. Milyonlarca sinir ucu, anlık olarak sinir
değişiklikleri olsun ya da olmasın, orta seviyede sistemine aktardıkları ısı, nem, hareket ve temas
egzersizin kolesterolü makul seviyelere ile ilgili verileri toplamak için deri altında
getirdiğini göstermiştir. bulunur.
A) Studies with humans revealed that the A) Millions of nerve endings reside within the
benefits of moderate levels of exercise with or skin to gather data about temperature, humidity,
without dietary changes could lead to motion, and contact, which they instantly
satisfactory levels of cholesterol. transmit to the nervous system.
B) Moderate levels of exercise, with or without B) In order to gather data about temperature,
dietary changes, contribute to satisfactory levels humidity, motion, and contact, millions of nerve
of cholesterol, as revealed by studies with endings reside within the skin and then they
humans. transmit them to the nervous system.
C) Satisfactory levels of cholesterol are achieved C) Millions of nerve endings reside within the
through moderate levels of exercise, with or skin, gathering data about temperature,
without dietary changes, as revealed by studies humidity, motion, and contact, which they
with humans. transmit to the nervous system.
D) Studies with humans have revealed that D) Before millions of nerve endings transmit data
moderate levels of exercise, with or without about temperature, humidity, motion, and
dietary changes, bring cholesterol to satisfactory contact to our nervous system, they process each
levels. of them instantly.
E) Moderate levels of exercise result in dietary E) Millions of nerve endings, residing within the
changes and satisfactory levels of cholesterol, as skin, gather data about temperature, humidity,
shown by studies with humans. and contact, then they transmit them to the
nervous system.
15
54-59. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada 55. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için disorder found primarily in children and
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. adolescents. It is characterised by negative,
disobedient, or defiant behaviour that is worse
than the normal ‘testing’ behaviour most
54. Agnosia is a neuropsychological disorder
children display from time to time. ----- These
characterised by the inability to recognise
difficult periods are part of the normal
common objects, persons, or sounds. The
developmental process of gaining a stronger
disorder can affect visual, auditory or tactile
sense of individuality and separating from
object recognition, but visual agnosia is the
parents. ODD, however, is defiant behaviour
most common form of the condition, and most
that lasts longer and is more severe than normal
often expressed as an inability to recognise
individuation behaviour, but is not so extreme
people. ----- The condition may also arise
that it involves violation of social rules or the
following head trauma or stroke, or following
rights of others.
carbon monoxide poisoning or anoxia.
A) It is usual for children with ODD to not
A) Patients are often uncomfortable in social
perceive themselves as being difficult and to
situations, although many learn to recognise
blame all their problems on others.
people using other visual cues.
B) Very young children with the disorder will
B) Tactile agnosia, also called astereognosis, is
throw temper tantrums that last for 30 minutes
often difficult to recognise as we rarely identify
or longer, over seemingly trivial matters.
objects solely by feel.
C) ODD is thought to occur in about 6 per cent of
C) Agnosics can see, but they lack higher level
all children and is more common in families of
visual perception, which interferes with object
lower socioeconomic status.
information gathering.
D) Most children go through phases of being
D) Agnosia is caused by lesions to the parietal
difficult, particularly during the period from 18
and temporal lobes of the brain, regions involved
months to three years, and later during
in storing memories.
adolescence.
E) In addition to being the most common form of
E) Treatment is usually a long-term commitment
agnosia, visual agnosias are also the best
and may take a year or more for some noticeable
understood.
improvement.
16
56. Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is 57. There are many simple ways to be nicer to
highly unresponsive to any form of treatment, people, and we like to believe that all that
in part because persons with APD rarely seek kindness and consideration will be appreciated.
treatment voluntarily. If they do seek help, it is However, being nice may not do us any favours.
usually in an attempt to find relief from According to a study, people who are nice -
depression or other forms of emotional distress. defined as sensitive to unfairness or inequity -
Although there are medications that are are more likely to show symptoms of depression
effective in treating some of the symptoms of than people who tend to be selfish and
the disorder, non-compliance with medication egotistical. Researchers started by giving nearly
regimens or abuse of the drugs prevents the 350 people a personality test to determine
widespread use of these medications. ----- In whether they were more ‘pro-social’ or
other words, if a person diagnosed with APD is ‘individualist’. ----- What they found was the
placed in an environment in which they cannot brain images were quite different between the
victimise others, their behaviour may improve. two types of people, and that nicer people are
It is unlikely, however, that they would maintain more vulnerable to depression because they
good behaviour if they left the disciplined experience extreme empathy, guilt and stress.
environment.
A) Then, they used an imaging technique to see
A) If some form of individual psychotherapy is which areas of the brain were activated during
provided, the therapist's primary task is to specific situations.
establish a relationship with the patient.
B) Overall, they usually aim at measuring
B) Measures intended to prevent antisocial people’s desire to share financial resources with
personality disorder must begin with those less fortunate.
interventions in early childhood.
C) Whether the pattern of thinking that was
C) The most successful treatment programmes considered 'pro-social' was linked with
for APD are long-term structured residential depression was an area of previous research.
settings in which the patient systematically
D) In other words, people are encouraged to be
modifies behaviour.
nice, but it turns out this positive quality can
D) The impulsiveness that characterises the have a very real negative outcome.
disorder often leads to a jail sentence or an early
E) On the other hand, it is still not certain which
death through suicide.
types of people are more prone to depression.
E) The patients can hardly establish positive
relationships with people around them, even
with the closest ones.
17
58. The placebo effect occurs when a person 59. Self-control strategies are cognitive and
takes a placebo (a substance that has no effect) behavioural skills used by individuals to
and feels better. If you regularly take sleeping maintain self-motivation and achieve personal
pills, you probably do not realise that you have goals. They are based primarily on the social
experienced the placebo effect. Sleeping pills cognitive theory of Albert Bandura. According to
lose their effectiveness after six weeks of Bandura, one's behaviour is influenced by a
regular use. Therefore, if you have been taking variety of factors, including one’s own thoughts
sleeping pills for more than a few months and and beliefs, and elements in the environment.
they still put you to sleep, it is the placebo Most people who decide to use self-control
effect working, not the pill. ----- However it strategies are dissatisfied with a certain aspect
works, the very power of the placebo effect of their lives. For example, they may feel they
demonstrates that by maximising your belief in smoke too much, exercise too little, or have
sleep improvement techniques, you can sleep difficulty controlling anger. ----- Self-control
better. programmes may also be designed without the
help of a professional, especially if the problem
A) Although we do not know the exact
being addressed is not severe.
mechanism underlying the placebo effect, it is
probably due to the effects our thoughts have on A) Environmental self-control strategies involve
our brain. changing times, places, or situations where one
experiences problematic behaviour.
B) In fact, about one third of pain patients will
respond as well to a placebo as they will to B) Self-control strategies are often taught in
morphine. treatment centres, group or individual therapies,
schools, or vocational settings.
C) Negative thoughts about sleep can have a
profoundly adverse effect on the duration and C) The individual is responsible for using self-
quality of one's sleep. control strategies in real-life situations to
produce the desired changes.
D) Stress occurs almost automatically, so you are
not always aware of it and its negative impact on D) Self-control strategies help individuals to
your sleep. become aware of their own patterns of
behaviour and to alter them so that the
E) About 20 per cent of a population sleeps six or
behaviour will be more or less likely to occur.
fewer hours per night.
E) Individuals achieve self-control through
continuous monitoring, evaluating, and
reinforcement of their own behaviour.
18
60-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla

okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü
bozan cümleyi bulunuz
60. (I) The variation in milliseconds between your 62. (I) Insomnia exists only in comparison with
heartbeats is known as your heart rate variability what one considers to be normal sleep. (II) With
(HRV). (II) These small differences in heart rate insomnia, sleep falls short of the expectation of
are normal - in fact, the more variation the how it should be experienced. (III) A variety of
better. (III) This irregularity should not be physiological changes occur throughout the body
confused with cardiac arrhythmia, which involves during sleep. (IV) People assess their sleep
our heart rate, or pulse, which is measured in against a standard, but normal sleep is relative.
beats per minute. (IV) Other diseases of the (V) Various criteria and standards may be used to
autonomic nervous system can be detected and describe sleep as normal or abnormal.
monitored using HRV, such as autonomic
neuropathy - damage to the nerves that control A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
everyday functions. (V) In fact, cardiac
arrhythmia is a serious condition that involves
the heart beating too fast or too slowly, or
throwing in extra, irregular beats.
63. (I) There are many factors to be considered in

61. (I) Over 300 people are known to have died choosing a suitable anaesthetic agent for each
climbing Everest since 1922. (II) Injuries and bad patient. (II) Ensuring good muscle relaxation
weather can be deadly in this remote while having only few toxic or adverse effects, for
environment, and our bodies cannot cope with example, is one of them. (III) Besides, the ideal
low oxygen levels at high altitude. (III) Altitude anaesthetic should allow rapid induction
sickness can lead to fatal pulmonary or cerebral followed by ease of control and the possibility of
oedemas, which occur when the lack of oxygen rapid reversal. (IV) As the anaesthetic is
results in leakage of fluid into the lungs or brain. chemically bound to its receptor, however,
(IV) Altitude is measured relative to the mean sea removal from the system is often slow and other
level in the local area - so the exact height drugs may be required to reverse its effects. (V)
depends on which local area is chosen as a Future advances in anaesthesia will depend upon
reference point. (V) To avoid this, mountaineers developments in the computerisation of
acclimatise in stages, allowing their bodies to monitoring the patient's physiological status.
adjust gradually.
19
64. (I) Dementia is a condition characterised by a 65. (I) Blood banks are a vital part of any health
chronic decline in cognitive functions contrasted service, giving doctors rapid access to this life-
with a person’s usual state of functioning. (II) It is giving fluid. (II) But blood is notoriously hard to
seen most often in people sixty-five years and store. (III) Left to itself, it clots and loses vital
older, and the incidence increases with age. (III) components like platelets. (IV) As it is also
Although aging results in mild slowing for some delicate, red blood cells rupture if badly handled,
cognitive functions, normal aging does not cause any contamination can make it potentially lethal.
significant memory loss. (IV) There are various (V) Plasma is the liquid component of blood, and
causes and types of dementia, but most types could be given to anyone, regardless of blood
have certain characteristics in common. (V) group.
Persons with dementia often have problems with
short-term memory, such as forgetting names
and recent events.
20
66-68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 67. Which of the following is the main purpose
cevaplayınız. of the author?
A) To inform the readers about the structural

A widely reported study claimed to show ’very differences between male and female brains
clear' differences between the brains of men and affecting hormones and anatomy
women. Although this study was trumpeted in
the media as 'proving' that male and female B) To put the blame on society in general for
brains are inherently different, the actual imposing differences between males and females
evidence falls way short of such claims. from very young ages
Distinctions do exist. Genetic differences due to C) To criticise researchers for wasting their
sex chromosomes, varying hormone regulation valuable time and energy on trying to prove
during development and obvious anatomical differences that might not even exist
differences are all reflected in the structure of
the brain. But whether these have any impacts D) To praise the media for forcefully reporting a
on the functioning of the mature adult brain is a scientific development that proves the innate
lot harder to determine. There are just too many differences between male and female brains
other factors and variables which cannot be
E) To emphasise the elasticity of human brain in
screened out by modern research methods and
receiving information from the environment and
can affect how we use our brains. We all grow
quickly adapting to those influences
and develop in a society that imposes countless
differences between males and females from
birth. Given how our brains grow in response to
our environment, any of these could turn out to
be a big influence over how our brains work as
adults. Why is so much energy, which could be
better used elsewhere, ploughed into an effort to
show functional differences between the brains
of men and women - especially when it is far
from certain such things even exist?
66. Which of the following is a factor or variable 68. Which of the following best describes the
that modern research methods cannot screen author's tone?
out?
A) supportive
A) Structural differences caused by sex
chromosomes B) critical
B) Developmental hormone regulation C) admiring
C) Genetic differences between men and women D) optimistic
D) Differences in male and female anatomy E) indifferent
E) The influence of societal gender imbalance on

the brain
21
69-71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 70. It is stated in the passage that -----.
cevaplayınız.
A) the first known pandemic emerged in Middle
Age London
A pandemic is an outbreak of an infectious
disease that spreads across a large region, a B) the bubonic plague was transmitted by the
continent, or even the world. According to the infected people who travelled around the world
World Health Organization (WHO), a pandemic C) the bubonic plague was mistakenly thought to
can start when three conditions have been met: be non-infectious
the emergence of a disease new to the
population, a disease that infects humans, D) the plague is believed to have arrived in
causing serious illness, and one that spreads Europe through the grains from Egypt
easily and persists among humans. A disease is
E) the plague of Justinian, first seen in Britain,
not a pandemic because it is widespread or kills a
was the starting point for the Black Death
large number of people. It must also be
infectious. For example, cancer is responsible for
a large number of deaths but is not considered a
pandemic. The plague of Justinian in the sixth
century that devastated the eastern capital of
the Roman Empire in Constantinople was the
first well-known pandemic in Europe. It also
marks the first detailed record of the bubonic
plague that later would be known in London as
the Black Death. In Constantinople, while
Justinian was the Roman Emperor, large
quantities of grain were shipped from Egypt and
it is thought that the disease was brought into
Europe via rat and flea populations in the grain.
71. What is the main purpose of the passage?

69. According to the passage, disease is
considered as a pandemic only if it -----. A) To give brief information about pandemics and
their history
A) is found in many parts of the world, and
increases death rates B) To inform readers about the possible
consequences of pandemics
B) is contagious, thus spreading to larger areas
C) To highlight the reasons for the spread of
C) is announced by the WHO that it has killed pandemics
thousands of people
D) To show how the WHO deals with pandemics
D) lasts for a while and results in hundreds of
hospitalisations throughout the world E) To introduce the ways used to deal with
pandemics in Europe
E) infects many people resulting in potential
chronic illnesses
22
72-74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 73. One can understand from the passage that
cevaplayınız. symptoms of rabies -----.
A) might be hidden for several weeks after the

Rabies is caused by a virus that is transmitted animal bite
through the bite of an animal that is already
infected. It is classified as a zoonosis, which is a B) could be observable immediately after the
term that refers to any disease of animals that infection
can be transmitted to humans. More than 90 per C) can deteriorate when the person develops fear
cent of animal rabies cases occur in such wild of water
animals as skunks, bats, and raccoons, with such
domestic animals as dogs and cats accounting for D) can be relieved through medication even long
fewer than 10 per cent of the cases. The World after exposure
Health Organization (WHO) estimates that
E) are seen only after the virus invades the
between 35,000 and 50,000 individuals
nervous system
worldwide die each year as a result of rabies. The
highest incidence of rabies occurs in Asia where,
in 1997, over 33,000 deaths were noted, most
occurring in India. Onset is delayed, usually
weeks to months after the person has been
bitten. Early symptoms of rabies include fever,
headache, and flu-like symptoms. These
conditions progress to anxiety, hallucinations,
muscle spasms, partial paralysis, fear of water
(hydrophobia), and other neurological symptoms
as the virus spreads to the central nervous
system. Medical treatment must be sought soon
after exposure because death always follows
once the infection becomes established.
74. According to the passage, in all cases of

72. It is stated in the passage that zoonosis -----. rabies, -----.
A) is a type of infection, but with more severe A) the virus is immediately established into the
effects central nervous system
B) is an umbrella term including animal bite B) medical care could save the person infected by
infections like rabies the virus even if it becomes established
C) refers to animals transmitting certain diseases C) if the patient is not treated soon, the animal
with the saliva bite can have fatal outcomes
D) is a kind of infection mostly seen in cats and D) the animal with the virus is taken under
dogs control to determine medical treatment options
E) means nasty bites from seriously infected wild E) a persistent headache sets in as soon as an
animals individual gets bitten by a rabid animal
23
75-77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 76. Despite their current prevalence, soft drinks
cevaplayınız. -----.
A) were originally developed as a pharmaceutical

Western civilisation has had a love affair with product
sugar and chocolate for almost 500 years. For
most of this time, these products were B) were repeatedly praised for being tastier than
considered luxuries and few could easily afford to medicine
buy them or buy products made from them. Due C) could surprisingly be purchased by lower
to improvements in technology and agriculture, middle-class
the price of sugar and chocolate declined greatly
during the 19th century, such that most D) had to be sold in drugstores rather than
Americans could easily afford to buy sweets and market chains
chocolates. Moreover, generic American soft
E) are the leading cause of the increase in obesity
drinks originated in the late 18th century and
rapidly expanded during the second half of the
19th century. At first, soft drinks were considered
medicinal as many of America’s most famous
sodas were invented by medical professionals in
drugstores. Soft drinks were products of the
medical profession but they became popular
largely due to the temperance movement that
presented alternatives to alcoholic beverages.
Years later, simultaneous with the growth of fast
food and junk food, there has been a
tremendous increase in obesity. The percentage
of children and adolescents who are obese has 77. We understand from the passage that -----.
doubled in the last 20 years. Today, 25 per cent
of American children are classified as overweight. A) there is a close relationship between fast food
This should come as no surprise, for junk food advertisements and the rise of childhood obesity
and fast food are heavily marketed to America’s
B) obesity figures are low, but more people die
youth, who consume vast quantities of both.
prematurely due to illnesses related to obesity
C) food production is not systemic, and is just a

75. According to the passage up until the 19th phenomenon of the fast food and junk food
century, -----. industries
A) sweets were a rare commodity exclusive to D) fast food materialised in the 20th century with
those who could afford it the growth of multinational food companies
B) fast food consumption was directly correlated E) eating fast food shows the relatively low value
with increasing income many Americans place on the food
C) the appeal of chocolate was that it was

inexpensive
D) the criticism of fast food spread throughout

the country
E) fast food was as popular as sweets
24
78-80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 79. It is clear from the passage that, if your
cevaplayınız. parents suffer from anxiety disorders, -----.
A) this will increase your risk of developing an

Anxiety disorders, like other psychological anxiety disorder
disorders, are caused by a combination of
biological, psychological, and social factors. If you B) there is probably a social factor causing it
have a family history of anxiety disorders, you C) they should immediately take some
may be more vulnerable to stress, and this may medication
increase your risk of developing one. Sometimes,
there may be a medical factor that is responsible D) they are advised to undergo a six-month
for your anxiety, such as thyroid disease or therapy programme
substance abuse. And any such possible medical
E) they should be careful with their eating habits
cause must be ruled out before your doctor can
diagnose anxiety as a psychological disorder. To
be diagnosed with generalised anxiety disorders,
you must be unrealistically anxious about two or
more life circumstances for at least six months.
You must also have at least three of the following
symptoms: problems with sleeping, fatigue,
muscle tension, restlessness, inability to
concentrate and irritability. Depending on your
particular symptoms, your doctor may advise
therapy, medication, or both. On the other hand,
symptoms may be relieved by regular exercise,
relaxation methods, avoiding caffeine and not
smoking.
80. It can be concluded from the passage that
78. According to the passage, anxiety disorders - ----.
----.
A) if you cannot concentrate on your job, you
A) are a combination of other psychological certainly have an anxiety disorder
disorders
B) negative effects of anxiety can be lessened by
B) have three types and usually last for six several practices
months
C) anxiety disorders are becoming more common
C) are psychological problems mostly caused by day by day
environmental factors
D) people with anxiety disorders have difficulty in
D) should be diagnosed after eliminating other waking up
medical causes
E) therapy and medication must be used together
E) may result from therapies and medication to get over anxiety disorders
TEST BİTTİ
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ
25
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.D 21.B 41.A 61.D

2.B 22.A 42.C 62.C
3.C 23.A 43.B 63.E
4.A 24.E 44.C 64.C
5.B 25.A 45.E 65.E
6.A 26.E 46.A 66.E
7.E 27.C 47.C 67.C
8.E 28.A 48.B 68.B
9.D 29.B 49.A 69.B
10.E 30.E 50.D 70.D
11.B 31.B 51.C 71.A
12.B 32.C 52.D 72.B
13.B 33.B 53.A 73.A
14.B 34.C 54.D 74.C
15.B 35.B 55.D 75.A
16.D 36.C 56.C 76.A
17.A 37.D 57.A 77.A
18.A 38.E 58.A 78.D
19.D 39.D 59.B 79.A
20.E 40.E 60.D 80.B
26
26 Mart 2023 İlkbahar YÖKDİL Sosyal Sınavı
1-20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 4. Most southern European countries have
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. shifted from being ---- emigrant sending
societies to immigrant receiving ones over the
past 30 years.
1. Just as some animals like bees and ants are
predisposed to live in colonies, humans have a A) suddenly
natural ---- to form social units.
B) primarily
A) restriction
C) fortunately
B) tendency
D) doubtfully
C) avoidance
E) eventually
D) endurance
E) exception
5. Children can be assisted to perform well at
school if it is ---- that their parents play a causal
role in producing cooperative, attentive
2. Population ageing, a direct ---- of the ongoing
behaviour and are included in the educational
global fertility decline and of mortality decline
process.
among people of older ages, is among the most
prominent global demographic trends of the A) ensured
21st century.
B) complained
A) precaution
C) resisted
B) opportunity
D) neglected
C) instruction
E) concealed
D) consequence
E) adjustment
6. Like the ancient people of Sumer, Egypt, and
the Indus Valley, early Chinese farmers ---- the
country's rivers for transportation and water to
3. Some scholars doubt that when the Italian
grow their crops.
instrument maker Bartolomeo Cristofori devised
his first piano in approximately 1700, he A) brought about
foresaw the ---- acceptance it eventually
achieved. B) relied on
A) reluctant C) filled out
B) demanding D) fell behind
C) compulsory E) left out
D) widespread
E) threatening
1
7. Although B. F. Skinner's radical behaviourism 10. Slang, which is part of casual, informal styles
---- out of fashion for several decades, many of of language use, serves as a mark of
his core ideas ----, offering important insights membership and unity ---- a given social group,
into a broad range of behaviour. and speakers show enormous creativity ---- their
use of slang.
A) has been / survive
A) for / to
B) is / will survive
B) about / by
C) was / had survived
C) toward / at
D) will be / have survived
D) within / in
E) had been / would have survived
E) against / on
11. Physical and cognitive changes associated

8. St. Albans in London ---- a cathedral officially
with ageing place demands ---- the individual's
until 1877, but it ---- in existence hundreds of
ability to adjust ---- the environment.
years before that.
A) over / against
A) cannot be made / was
B) at / into
B) had not been made / has been
C) on / to
C) was not made / had been
D) along / with
D) could not have been made / is
E) about / from
E) has not been made / would be
12. Little is known about what was worn by the

9. The term 'schema' refers to a mental
poorer members of Byzantine society ---- they
representation of knowledge that consists of
were unable to afford the expensive things that
expectations ---- familiar objects, scenes, and
would have survived many hundreds of years.
events that we construct ---- experience.
A) so that
A) about / through
B) although
B) from / over
C) because
C) for / on
D) until
D) at / beyond
E) whereas
E) with / to
2
13. Animals in fast-flowing streams have to 16. ---- games and simulations both foster
protect themselves from being swept away, ---- maximum student involvement in learning, they
those in the still waters of a pond have to cope differ in purpose, participant responsibilities,
with low levels of oxygen and the hazard of and the nature of the interaction.
water freezing over in winter.
A) As long as
A) at least
B) Even though
B) while
C) Because
C) as
D) Once
D) so
E) Provided that
E) only if
14. Sometime around 2300 BCE, along the Indus

17. ---- the well-documented importance of
River of northern India, water buffalo and zebu
parenting practices on children’s development,
cattle were used to pull crude wooden ploughs
much research has been conducted in the area.
through the earth, ---- developing the practices
of ploughing and cultivating. A) Contrary to
A) instead B) Rather than
B) or C) Due to
C) though D) Unlike
D) thus E) Instead of
E) yet
15. ---- Spanish is the official language of 18. The civilisation of ancient Egypt was
Argentina, many other languages are spoken, significant for its size and longevity because it
ranging from Welsh to Basque, reflecting the retained a strong continuity of culture ----
varied origins of Argentina’s many settlers. several periods of turmoil.
A) Once A) similar to
B) Although B) by means of
C) Given that C) due to
D) Just as D) with the aim of
E) If E) despite
3
19. Language is ---- a singular component of 20. Classical literature on community

culture ---- also a symbol system that acts as a emphasises its homogeneity in terms of the
glue to bind cultures together. beliefs and activities of its members, ---- loyalty
and sense of belonging are clearly defined.
A) whether / or
A) what
B) both / and
B) whose
C) so / that
C) who
D) the more / the more
D) which
E) as / as
E) how
4

da ifadeyi bulunuz. A) violation
B) destruction
In a world filled with complexity and C) foundation
communication overload, it can be very
challenging to focus upon the necessary D) confrontation
information in order to set and meet objectives.
E) fluctuation
The management process tries to make sense of
information and assemble it (21)---- objectives
can be achieved. (22)---- being often identified
with business, good management can also be
used in a much wider array of applications. There
are four areas that have long been considered
the (23)---- of effective management. These
areas are planning, organising, leading, and
24.
controlling. Planning refers to setting goals,
organising requires us to think about how we will A) toward
manage our resources, leading helps us when
undertaking activities with teams or large groups, B) by
and controlling involves monitoring progress
C) off
(24)---- our goals and checking to see if we will be
able to attain them as planned. Many forms of D) at
management focus upon one area in particular;
however, it is not necessary for all four areas E) against
(25)---- with the same intensity in order for the
process involved to be considered management.
21.
A) so that
B) since
25.
C) after
A) to be applied
D) once
B) to apply
E) although
C) having been applied
D) to have applied
22.
E) applying
A) With the aim of
B) In spite of
C) Thanks to
D) By means of
E) In terms of
5

da ifadeyi bulunuz. A) expose
B) provide
Student-centred models of learning shift some of C) facilitate
the responsibility for directing and organising
learning from the teacher to the student. D) comprehend
(26)----, being student-centred does not mean
E) reject
that a teacher gives up organisational
responsibilities completely. It only means a
relative shift in the teacher’s role, toward one
with more emphasis (27)---- guiding students’
self-chosen directions. Teacher-directed
strategies do not take over responsibility for
students' learning completely; no matter how
much a teacher structures or directs learning,
29.
students still have responsibility for working and
making an effort to (28)---- the new material. For A) being handed
the same reasons, student-centred models of
learning do not mean (29)---- over all B) to be handed
organisational work or instruction to students.
C) to have handed
The teacher is still the most knowledgeable
member of the class, and still has the opportunity D) to be handing
(30)---- the responsibility to guide learning in
directions that are productive. E) handing
26.
A) However
B) in addition
C) Instead 30.
0) As a result A) except for
E) Otherwise B) despite
C) as well as
27. D) regardless of
A) with E) similar to
B) in
C) on
D) at
E) by
6
31-41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun 33. Although the power of conventional
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. television is widely recognised, ----.
A) one of the frequently cited shortcomings of

31. Although palaeontologists have learned the medium is its lack of interactivity
extraordinary things about dinosaurs and their
development from bones, ----. B) television’s strong visual emphasis makes it a
much considered medium to support education
A) there is a lot that skeletons and skulls cannot
disclose C) the level of the interaction is defined by the
interdependence of participants
B) bones are trace fossils that do not contain any
remnants of body parts D) the modes of interactivity are determined by
the instructional design of the communication
C) dinosaurs had been extinct for 65 million years features
before early humans appeared on the planet
E) television broadcasts support interactivity in
D) palaeontologists can change the way we look live shows in which audiences can take part via
at the past with their studies on fossils videocalls
E) these discoveries have brought science as well

as creatures long dead to vibrant life
34. Most consumers tend to discount the
information provided by an advertisement ----.
32. ----, they are more efficient than any other A) given that the first step of an advertiser is to
form of land transportation. attract the attention of the consumers
A) Unless rail systems can cover long distances, B) because they recognise that the purpose of
such as the Trans-Siberian Railway the advertiser is not to provide facts, but to
persuade
B) Although railways are expensive to build and
may require a considerable amount of time to be C) although it is not very easy for an advertiser to
constructed make an advertising message convincing
C) While modern electrified rail systems reach D) as advertisements with celebrities who are the
speeds that cannot be matched on the road spokespersons for the product are more
captivating
D) In order that rapid transit systems can move
hundreds of people quickly to distant places E) while governments can use advertisements to
discourage particular habits, such as smoking
E) Even if rail networks are considered vital for
the delivery of food, fuel, and other supplies
7
35. Although the Albanians, as a people, have 37. ----; however, by the first century CE, its
been known since the 2nd century AD, ----. frontiers stretched from Spain in the west to
Syria in the east.
A) present-day Albanian may be categorised as a
partly synthetic, partly analytic language A) The Roman Empire was held together by a
strong and efficient system of provincial
B) the languages of the Balkans have come to
government
share certain linguistic features
B) The Roman Empire grew slowly at first - it took
C) the earliest surviving records of the Albanian
500 years for small city of Rome to conquer the
language date only from the 15th century
whole of Italy
D) Albanian is spoken today in a considerable
C) During the reign of Augustus, only a tenth of
number of linguistic pockets in the Balkans
the empire's population were full citizens
E) scattered communities of Albanian speakers
D) The Romans had hundreds of gods and
are to be found in southern Italy and Sicily
goddesses associated with every aspect of life
E) The population of the city of Rome in the first

century CE reached approximately one million
36. Many banks are finding it difficult to keep up

with cybercriminals ----.
38. Historians have had a difficult time
A) so that a cyberattack will not leave the bank integrating the era of foragers - those moving
paralysed, unable to operate for a long time around in search of food - into their accounts of
the past ----.
B) although bank officials are often unaware that
they have been attacked until it is too late A) even though genetic evidence from the era of
foragers can never give us the intimate personal
C) as they constantly come up with new ways of details that can be found in written sources
using computers to commit banking-related
crimes B) after the era of foragers began about 250,000
years ago, when modern humans, Homo sapiens,
D) after they adopt countermeasures to combat first appeared on Earth
cybercriminals who seek to infiltrate their
network C) while the exceptional cultural creativity of
human foragers distinguishes their lifeways from
E) if they warn their customers not to give out those of non-human species
any personal information to suspected callers
D) because most of them lack the research skills
and expertise needed to study an era that
generated no written evidence
E) so that archaeologists and anthropologists can

better analyse the major changes that happened
during the era of foragers
8
39. ----, the same type of unity does not exist 41. All spices played a role in world history, ----.
regarding the definition and how to address the
A) although in the ancient world spice trading
needs of these students.
around the known world was a daily occurrence
A) Since the principles of the cognitive learning
B) so for centuries the West knew little of the
theory are compatible with the characteristics of
spices that flowed east and west through Asia
gifted and talented students
C) yet by the 19th century the Dutch had settled
B) When the nature versus nurture debate reigns
into maintaining their spice empire in the East
and colours efforts to design programmes for
Indies
gifted and talented students
D) but the spices that had the most significant
C) While the relationship between giftedness and
effect on global trade were chilli peppers, black
intelligence has had a major impact on how such
pepper, and cinnamon
students are viewed
E) as the Romans were the first in the Western
D) Although there appears to be consensus
World to use the spices of the East for culinary
concerning the notion that there are students
and medical purposes
who are both gifted and talented
E) As gifted and talented students have been the

focus of research by educators and scholars in
educational psychology
40. ----, it also brings alarming increases in rates

of accidents, depression, ana eating disorders
compared with the rates for younger children.
A) Given that neuroscience has dramatically

changed our understanding of the structural
changes in the brain during adolescence
B) Although new methods emphasise the

adolescent's concern with status and respect as
well as their need to find purpose
C) While adolescence is the physically healthiest

period in life, when strength, speed and immune
function improve or peak
D) If teachers and parents seek to capitalise on

the richness of learning during adolescence
E) As long as the advances in developmental

science lead to more effective approaches to
support the adolescent’s health
9
42-47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce 43. People who fundamentally enjoy what they
cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi do in the workplace often perform more
bulunuz. efficiently than those who focus especially on
extrinsic factors like money.
42. The novels of Charles Dickens, which mostly A) Kişilerin iş yerinde yaptıkları şeyden gerçekten
describe the living conditions of the poor and keyif alması, onların özellikle para gibi dış
the working class in Victorian England, are still etkenlere odaklanan kişilerden çoğu zaman daha
among the best-sellers today. verimli çalışmasını sağlar.
A) Bugün hâlâ çok satanlar arasında yer alan B) İş yerinde yaptıkları şeyden gerçekten keyif
Charles Dickens’ın romanlarında, çoğunlukla alan kişiler, özellikle para gibi dış etkenlere
Viktorya dönemi İngilteresi’ndeki fakirlerin ve işçi odaklanan kişilerden çoğu zaman daha verimli
sınıfının yaşam koşulları tasvir edilir. çalışmaktadır.
B) Çoğunlukla Viktorya dönemi İngilteresi’ndeki C) Çoğu zaman daha verimli çalışanlar, özellikle
fakirlerin ve işçi sınıfının yaşam koşullarını tasvir para gibi dış etkenlere odaklanan kişilerden
eden Charles Dickens’ın romanları, bugün hâlâ ziyade, iş yerinde yaptıkları şeyden gerçekten
çok satanlar arasında yer alır. keyif alan kişilerdir.
C) Bugün hâlâ çok satanlar arasında yer alan D) Özellikle para gibi dış etkenlere odaklanan
Charles Dickens’ın romanları, çoğunlukla Viktorya kişilere kıyasla, iş yerinde yaptıkları şeyden
dönemi İngilteresi’ndeki fakirlerin ve işçi sınıfının gerçekten keyif alan kişiler çoğu zaman daha
yaşam koşullarını tasvir eder. verimli çalışmaktadır.
D) Charles Dickens'ın romanları çoğunlukla E) Kişilerin iş yerinde yaptıkları şeyden gerçekten
Viktorya dönemi İngilteresi’ndeki fakirlerin ve işçi keyif almasının nedeni, özellikle para gibi dış
sınıfının yaşam koşullarını tasvir eder ve bugün etkenlere odaklanan kişilerden çoğu zaman daha
hâlâ çok satanlar arasında yer alır. verimli çalışmalarıdır.
E) Bugün hâlâ çok satanlar arasında yer alan
Charles Dickens’ın romanlarında çoğunlukla tasvir
edilen şey, Viktorya dönemi İngilteresi’ndeki
fakirlerin ve işçi sınıfının yaşam koşullarıdır.
10
44. Satiric comedy highlights the deviations 45. A study done recently has shown that when
from social order by ridiculing the violators of we feel lonely, our tendency to mimic other
moral principles. people’s smiles declines.
A) Ahlak kurallarını ihlal edenleri gülünç hâle A) Yakın zamanda yapılan bir çalışma, kendimizi
getiren eleştirel komedi, toplumsal düzenden yalnız hissettiğimizde diğer insanların
sapmalara dikkat çeker. gülümsemesini taklit etme eğilimimizin azaldığını
göstermiştir.
B) Eleştirel komedi, ahlak kurallarını ihlal edenleri
gülünç hâle getirerek toplumsal düzenden B) Yakın zamanda yürütülen bir çalışmanın
sapmalara dikkat çeker. gösterdiği gibi, kendimizi yalnız hissettiğimiz
zaman diğer insanların gülümsemesini taklit etme
C) Eleştirel komedi, ahlak kurallarını ihlal edenleri
eğilimimiz azalır.
gülünç hâle getirmekle beraber toplumsal
düzenden sapmalara dikkat çeker. C) Yakın zamanda yapılan bir çalışmada,
kendimizi yalnız hissettiğimizde başkalarının
D) Eleştirel komedi, ahlak kurallarını ihlal
gülümsemesini taklit etme eğilimimizin azaldığı
edenlerin gülünç hâle geldiği toplumsal düzenden
gösterilmiştir.
sapmalara dikkat çeker.
D) Yakın zamanda yapılan bir çalışma, kendimizi
E) Eleştirel komedide ahlak kurallarını ihlal
yalnız hissetmenin başka insanların
edenler gülünç hâle getirilip toplumsal düzenden
gülümsemesini taklit etme eğilimimizi azalttığını
sapmalara dikkat çekilir.
göstermiştir.
E) Yakın zamanda yürütülen bir araştırma

gösteriyor ki kendimizi yalnız hissetmemiz başka
insanların gülümsemesini taklit etme eğilimimizi
azaltmaktadır.
11
46. Linguists question whether the 47. The Treaty of Union, passed by the
communication systems used by other species Parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707,
resemble human language, which has very symbolised the birth of Great Britain by
specific properties like creativity. officially uniting two separate kingdoms.
A) Dil bilimciler, diğer türler tarafından kullanılan A) İngiltere ve İskoçya Parlamentoları tarafından
iletişim sistemlerinin insan diline benzeyip 1707 yılında onaylanan Birlik Antlaşması, iki ayrı
benzemediğini ve insan dilindeki yaratıcılık gibi krallığı resmî olarak birleştirerek Büyük
oldukça özel niteliklere sahip olup olmadığını Britanya'nın doğuşunu simgelemiştir.
sorgulamaktadır.
B) Birlik Antlaşması İngiltere ve İskoçya
B) Dil bilimciler, diğer türler tarafından kullanılan Parlamentoları tarafından 1707 yılında
iletişim sistemlerinin, yaratıcılık gibi oldukça özel onaylandığında Büyük Britanya'nın doğuşunun bir
niteliklere sahip olan insan diline benzeyip simgesi olarak iki ayrı krallığı resmî olarak
benzemediğini sorgulamaktadır. birleştirmiştir.
C) Dil bilimcilerin sorguladıkları şey, diğer türler C) Büyük Britanya’nın doğuşunu simgeleyerek iki
tarafından kullanılan iletişim sistemlerinin, ayrı krallığı resmî olarak birleştiren Birlik
yaratıcılık gibi oldukça özel niteliklere sahip olan Antlaşması, İngiltere ve İskoçya Parlamentoları
insan diline benzeyip benzemediğidir. tarafından 1707 yılında onaylanmıştır.
D) Diğer türlerin kullandıkları iletişim D) İngiltere ve İskoçya Parlamentoları tarafından

sistemlerinin, yaratıcılık gibi oldukça özel 1707 yılında onaylanan Birlik Antlaşması, Büyük
niteliklere sahip olan insan diline benzeyip Britanya’nın doğuşunu simgeleyerek iki ayrı
benzemediği dil bilimciler tarafından krallığı resmî olarak birleştirmiştir.
sorgulanmaktadır.
E) İngiltere ve İskoçya Parlamentoları tarafından
E) Dil bilimciler, diğer türlerin kullandıkları 1707 yılında onaylanmasıyla iki ayrı krallığı resmî
iletişim sistemlerinin insan diline benzeyip olarak birleştiren Birlik Antlaşması, Büyük
benzemediğinin dışında yaratıcılık gibi oldukça Britanya’nın doğuşunu simgelemiştir.
özel niteliklerin bu sistemlerde de var olup
olmadığını sorgulamaktadır.
12
48-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe 49. Japonya’da işgücünün yaşlanması, evrensel

cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi ekonomik çöküntüden dolayı iş olanakları azalsa
bulunuz. da hükûmet yetkililerini ülkenin göçmen işçiler
konusundaki politikasını yeniden düzenlemeye
zorlamıştır.
48. Dünya nüfusunun yüzde beşinden daha azını
barındıran Amerika Birleşik Devletleri A) Although the global economic depression has
günümüzde herhangi bir ülkeden daha fazla ve reduced job opportunities in Japan, government
daha çeşitli göçmen girişini kabul eden çok dilli officials have been forced to reformulate the
bir ülkedir. nation's policy toward immigrant workers
because of the ageing of workforce.
A) The United States, which contains less than
five percent of the world's population today, is a B) The ageing of workforce in Japan has forced
polyglot country because it houses a greater and government officials to reshape the nation's
more diverse inflow of immigrants than any policy toward immigrant workers although job
other country. opportunities have declined due to the global
economic depression.
B) Housing less than five percent of the world's
population, the United States is a polyglot C) Due to the ageing of workforce in Japan,
country that accepts a greater and more diverse government officials have been forced to
inflow of immigrants than any other country reshape the nation's policy toward immigrant
today. workers even though the global economic
depression has reduced job opportunities.
C) Housing less than five percent of the world's
population, today the United States, a polyglot D) Because of the global economic depression,
country accepts a greater and more diverse job opportunities have declined in Japan;
inflow of immigrants than any other country. however, the ageing of workforce has caused
government officials to reshape the nation’s
D) Being a polyglot country with less than five
policy toward immigrant workers.
percent of the world’s population, the United
States accepts a greater and more diverse inflow E) The ageing of workforce in Japan has led
of immigrants than any other country today. government officials to reformulate the nation’s
policy toward immigrant workers despite the
E) As it has less than five percent of the world's
decline in job opportunities caused by the global
population, the United States has become a
economic depression.
polyglot country today by accepting a greater
and more diverse inflow of immigrants than any
other country.
13
50. Müşterinin markayla olan görsel deneyimini 51. Padişahlar ve aileleri için tasarlanan kıymetli
daha hatırlanır kılmak için pek çok marka bir ya eşyaların yanı sıra resimli kitaplar da Topkapı
da daha fazla duyuya hitap eden kavramlara Sarayı’nın hazinesinde muhafaza edilirdi.
dayalı pazarlama kampanyaları yürütür.
A) Among the precious objects designed for the
A) A number of brands run marketing campaigns sultans and their families and kept in the treasury
based on concepts that make the customer's of the Topkapı Palace were illustrated books.
visual experience with the brand more
B) Along with precious objects designed for the
memorable by addressing one or more of the
sultans and their families, illustrated books were
senses.
also preserved in the treasury of the Topkapı
B) To address one or more of the senses, a Palace.
number of brands conduct marketing campaigns
C) Precious objects designed for the sultans and
based on concepts that make the customer’s
their families, such as illustrated books, were
visual experience with the brand more
kept in the treasury of the Topkapı Palace.
memorable.
D) Not only precious objects designed for the
C) By running marketing campaigns based on
sultans and their families but also illustrated
concepts that address one or more of the senses,
books were preserved in the treasury of the
a number of brands make the customer’s visual
Topkapı Palace.
experience with their brand more memorable.
E) Precious objects designed for the sultans and
D) In order to make the customer’s visual
their families were kept in the treasury of the
experience with the brand more memorable, a
Topkapı Palace, and besides them, there were
number of brands run marketing campaigns
also illustrated books.
based on concepts that address one or more of
the senses.
E) Many brands conducting marketing campaigns

address one or more of the senses of the
customer in order to make their visual
experience with the brand more memorable.
14
52. Ebeveyn olma rolüne ilişkin yoğun bir 53. Bazı tarihçiler tarihin şekillenmesinde, tüm
yorgunluk ve ilgisizlik durumu olarak tanımlanan karmaşıklığı ve çelişkileriyle insan duygularının
ebeveyn tükenmişliğinin, etkisizlik hissi ve rolünün ekonomi gibi daha rasyonel güçlerinki
çocuklardan uzaklaşma gibi tipik belirtileri kadar önemli olduğunu ileri sürüyor.
bulunmaktadır.
A) Some historians suggest that the role of
A) Parental burnout, defined as a state of intense human emotions, although they are complex and
fatigue and apathy with characteristic symptoms contradictory, in shaping history is as important
like a feeling of ineffectiveness and detachment as that of economics, which is one of the more
from children, is related to the role of being a rational forces.
parent.
B) Some historians argue that in shaping history,
B) Parental burnout, which has characteristic human emotions, with all their complexities and
symptoms like a feeling of ineffectiveness and contradictions, play a significant role that is
detachment from children, is defined as a state similar to the role of more rational forces like
of intense fatigue and apathy related to the role economics.
of being a parent.
C) Some historians argue that the role of human
C) A feeling of ineffectiveness and detachment emotions, with all their complexities and
from children are characteristic symptoms of contradictions, is as significant in shaping history
parental burnout, which is defined as a state of as that of more rational forces like economics.
intense fatigue and apathy related to the role of
D) Some historians suggest that human
being a parent.
emotions, however complex and contradictory
D) Parental burnout is defined as a state of they are, play an important role in shaping
intense fatigue and apathy that is related to the history like economics, which is one of the more
role of being a parent and has characteristic rational forces.
symptoms like a feeling of ineffectiveness and
Some historians argue that, even when they bear
detachment from children.
complexities and contradictions, the role of
E) Parental burnout, which is defined as a state of human emotions in shaping history is as
intense fatigue and apathy related to the role of significant as the role of more rational forces
being a parent, has characteristic symptoms like such as economics.
a feeling of ineffectiveness and detachment from
children.
15
54-59. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada 55. Non-verbal communication is an area of
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için study that includes many disciplines - sociology,
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. psychology, anthropology, communication, and
even art and criminal justice. ---- For example,
psychology might focus on the non-verbal
54. The animal story has not always been the
expression of emotions; anthropology might
preserve of the nursery. Indeed, like the fairy
focus on the use of interpersonal space in
tale, it was an adult genre that gradually
different cultures; and communication might
entered the children’s domain when the
focus on the content of the message. However,
boundaries between literature for children and
there is more overlap among these fields than
literature for adults were being redrawn. There
divergence.
is a long cross-cultural tradition of
anthropomorphic animal stories, or ‘beast A) It appears that all cultures have written or oral
fables’, in which animals are given human traditions expressing the importance of non-
speech and reason, that stretches back in verbal communication.
Greece at least to that legendary figure, Aesop
(c. 550 BCE) and, in India, to the stories of the B) People assume that the vast majority of non-
Panchatantra. ---- In the stories attributed to verbal communication is intentional.
Aesop, for example, various ideas about C) Non-verbal communication serves a number of
industry, perseverance, gratitude, moderation functions such as providing a definition for
and prudence are being taught. communication.
A) The issue of whether animal stories are for D) Each of these fields tends to address a slightly
children or adults brings about much criticism of different aspect of non-verbal communication.
the genre.
E) Non-verbal communication can also regulate
B) The beast fable provided the perfect vehicle verbal communication in several ways.
for a satire, because the animal disguises gave
the satirists immunity from censure.
C) Fables use animals as metaphors in order to

teach lessons about moral and social behaviour.
D) After Aesop, many cultures developed their

own animal heroes which were designed for an
adult audience.
E) In fables for children, animals have also been

used to educate them linguistically.
16
56. In many cultures, older members of the 57. Film and television directors work with
community are revered - they are considered actors to block the action, establishing
wise and knowledgeable teachers and leaders. movements that change their physical
In other societies, largely those in which the relationships with other actors and with the
nuclear family has displaced the extended camera. Directors’ careful positioning of the
family, this is often not the case. ---- Their actors produces meaning. ---- They may assume
elderly people are generally treated as relatively a greater narrative significance as well. Figures
worthless and powerless members of the who tower over other characters, for example,
community. Countries such as Britain, the may dominate them in some way in the film,
Netherlands, Australia and the United States fall whereas characters who meet each other on the
into this latter category. same physical level may exhibit a more
equitable relationship.
A) The main issue of this ageism, discrimination
against the elderly, is how the elderly are treated A) A visual analysis of the opening scene of some
in terms of rights. films explains the ongoing struggle of the film's
central character.
B) There are a range of stereotypes of the
elderly, including the perfect grandparent: always B) Characters who occupy the foreground gain
wise, kind and happy. importance through their apparent physical
closeness to the viewer.
C) An interesting observation is that in almost
most societies those who are extremely old tend C) Costumes display an understanding of time
to be awarded a great deal of respect and and place, but more importantly, a character's
affection. social status and personality traits.
D) Social psychologists have only recently begun D) Make-up and prosthetics can alter an actor's
to systematically investigate ageism and its appearance so that he or she resembles a
psychological drawbacks. historical figure.
E) In these societies, the qualities of youth are E) Figure placement may be significantly
highly valued, and elderly people attract enhanced by cinematography.
unfavourable stereotypes.
17
58. No one person can claim to have invented 59. Career progress of various groups is one of
rock and roll. ---- But if one were to narrow the central concerns in organisations,
down the birth of rock and roll to a specific time occupations, and work. People choose careers
and place, the most logical choice would be the for different reasons. ---- People are constantly
informal recording session that took place on making conscious decisions on career progress
the evening of July 5, 1954, in the modest studio in light of their own interests and
of Sun Records on 706 Union Avenue in circumstances. At the same time, multiple
Memphis, Tennessee. It was there that Elvis factors shape a person’s career aspirations and
Presley merged disparate strands of blues, career trajectory.
country and gospel into a fiercely dynamic
A) The factors leading to the career success of
sound that ignited a musical and cultural
men may be different from those for women.
explosion whose impact is still being felt today.
The track that Presley cut that night, “That’s All B) Occupational prestige, rewards, and prospects
Right, Mama,” would quickly emerge as the for advancement are chief among them.
cornerstone of a musical revolution.
C) Employers may hold the belief that personal
A) Many early pioneers of blues had personal and attributes are related to a person's performance.
professional roots in the swing era of the 1930s,
including Aaron Walker and Charles Brown. D) Successful people tend to have the ability to
build long-lasting relationships with their work.
B) The view of rock and roll as a matter of whites
co-opting and diluting black music is simplistic E) Being plugged into different channels is a
and inaccurate. crucial ingredient of career success for educated
workers.
C) The genre arose from a cross-pollination of
black and white musical styles, which had already
begun long before the term 'rock and roll' was
ever applied to music.
D) Rhythm and blues and rock and roll brought

forth a host of singular talents throughout the
1950s.
E) Buddy Holly took an innovative approach to

develop its electric direction that would
eventually appear in the Beatles era.
18
60-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla 62. (I) Ancient Egyptians invented a calendar,
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü created a form of hieroglyphic writing, and
bozan cümleyi bulunuz developed papyrus. (Il) During the last centuries
of ancient Egypt, the kingdom increasingly came
under foreign domination, which weakened it to
60. (I) Although Plato is perhaps the most
the point that Alexander the Great was able to
influential philosopher in the Western tradition,
claim it without struggle. (Ill) Situated along the
little is known about his life with certainty.
Nile and south of the Mediterranean Sea,
(Il) Plato's major contribution to philosophy was
Egyptians also produced early seagoing vessels.
his metaphysical theory of forms, and his forms
(IV) But it is their buildings for which this ancient
were divine objects, known by the mind through
group is renowned. (V) In addition to the Great
thought. (Ill) This is partly because there was a
Pyramids at Giza, the impressive relics that have
convention in Plato’s time that philosophers
been discovered include those at Abu Simbel and
writing about their contemporaries not mention
temples and other buildings at Luxor.
them by name. (IV) However, there is agreement
on some broad facts about Plato's life. (V) Plato, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
for instance, was present at Socrates' trial and
began his own philosophical works about 15 or
20 years later.
63. (I) Tattooing was practiced among members

61. (I) The Celts were an Indo-European people of Native American tribes for thousands of years.
who by 500 BCE had spread across what is now (Il) Native Americans tattooed themselves by
France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the British cutting their skin with sharp objects and rubbing
Isles. (Il) By 200 BCE, they had expanded as far as dye into the cuts. (Ill) Even though the practice
present-day Bulgaria and Greece. (Ill) When the was widespread, tattooing faded from practice in
Romans conquered much of Europe (about 300 the early 19th century. (IV) Cactus needles, fish
BCE), many Celts were absorbed into the Roman bones or other sharp objects pricked the skin and
Empire and lost-their identity. (IV) Before Europe pigments such as charcoal, cedar-leaf ashes, or
was conquered by Rome, Celts were themselves other materials were used to make red, blue, or
divided into smaller tribes raising crops and green tattoos on the skin. (V) People, especially
livestock independently. (V) However, those men, would often tattoo themselves, though
Celts living in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, southwest some, such as children, would be tattooed by
England, and northwestern France were able to someone else.
maintain their cultures, and it is in these regions A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
that people of Celtic origin still live today.
19
64. (I) Almost everything that we do in our 65. (I) People have always been curious about
everyday lives depends on language. (Il) In fact, it sociological matters - how we get along with
is hard to even imagine what our world would be others, what we do for a living, and things like
like without language. (Ill) So much of what that. (Il) Philosophers and religious authorities of
keeps people and societies together depends ancient and medieval societies made countless
crucially on language. (IV) We need language to observations about human behaviour.
make and enforce laws, get and distribute valued (Ill) Several of these early philosophers correctly
resources, create and maintain personal and predicted that a systematic study of human
public relationships, and so on. (V) To sum up, behaviour would emerge one day. (IV) Beginning
children do not wake up one morning with a fully in the 19th century, important European
formed grammar in their heads - in moving from theorists made pioneering contributions to the
first words to adult competence, children pass development of a science of human behaviour -
through linguistic stages. sociology. (V) Although their professional careers
coincided, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, two
of the most influential European sociologists,
never met and probably were unaware of each
other’s existence, let alone ideas.
20
66-68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 67. It is pointed out in the passage that the
cevaplayınız. Doric temples ----.
A) are lost beneath the modem town and cannot

The Acropolis in Athens, built during the Greek be seen
Golden Age (500-300 BCE), is today such a
dominant icon that many older fine Hellenic sites B) are not very well-lit due to their location by
are often overlooked in its favour. More than 100 the seaside
years before the Acropolis was built, the cities of C) are surrounded by farmland allocated to
Sicily were the richest and greatest in all of growing olives and almonds
Magna Graecia (Greater Greece). It was here that
the first large-scale temples were erected and D) are not clearly seen at night and therefore
they can still be seen on the southwest coast in must be visited during the day
Agrigento’s glorious Valle dei Templi (Valley of
E) are very modern compared to other classical
the Temples) and at Selinunte. The acropolis at
works
Agrigento, which is known as Akrakas in Greek, is
now lost beneath the modern town, but a series
of stunning Doric temples remain on a ridge on
the southern side of the town, bringing the
classical world to life. These ancient monuments,
which rise above picturesque Arcadian fields of
olive and almond trees on one side and the
Mediterranean coastline on the other, are a
spectacular sight, especially at night, when they
are atmospherically illuminated.
68. What is the primary purpose of the author?

66. Which of the following is true according to A) To explain some of the great works that were
the passage? completed during the Greek Golden Age
A) The Acropolis in Athens has been admired B) To convince the reader as to why they should
more than many other Hellenic sites. learn more about the Acropolis
B) The richness of the cities of Sicily surpassed C) To entertain the reader with artefacts that hint
that of Athens even after the Acropolis was built. at what life was like during the Greek Golden Age
C) A considerable number of the first large-scale D) To compare and contrast the major cities in
Greek temples can no longer be seen. Magna Graecia
D) Akrakas receives as much attention as the E) To inform the reader about the lesser known
Acropolis does because of its importance in beauty of some Sicilian Hellenic sites
ancient Greece.
E) Agrigento and Selinunte differed greatly from

one another in the number of temples they
housed.
21
69-71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 70. Which can be concluded from the passage
cevaplayınız. about the Iliad and the Odyssey?
A) They are considered to have passed from

Homer is the name given to the man credited generation to generation orally until they were
with composing the Iliad and the Odyssey, great written down.
Greek epic poems that are the earliest surviving
examples of European literature. Almost nothing B) They kept their originality thanks to the
is known about Homer, including whether he importance given to their literary worth by
truly existed, but the ancient Greeks in the scholars.
centuries that followed the poems' composition C) They are thought to have been written by the
considered him a distinct individual and depicted same person although they have different artistic
him in sculpture. Many scholars are convinced features.
that the two epic poems were created by the
same person, as they seem stamped with a single D) The Iliad was a follow-up epic that covered the
artistic sensibility, sharing such traits as actions taking place after the Odyssey.
individualised characters. In addition, Homer’s
E) They were considered as great guides for other
poems were accepted as models which all poets
poets because of their unique literary quality.
must imitate but none could equal. It is not
known whether Homer was literate or composed
the poems orally while others wrote them down.
It is known that what has come to us of the Iliad
is not entirely the original composition. The
ancient Athenians altered the narrative to
enhance their role in the Trojan War. Of the two
distinguished Homeric epics, the Odyssey was
probably composed first, although the events it
relates to take place at a later date than those in
the Iliad.
69. It is understood from the passage that

Homer ----. 71. What is the primary purpose of the author?
A) is a famous literary figure whose existence in A) To clarify whether the Iliad or the Odyssey was
the past as a real person is still being doubted composed first
B) had a hard time convincing people that he B) To highlight the contribution of the ancient
himself wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey Greeks to Homer's popularity
C) is believed by many scholars to be an illiterate C) To introduce the earliest surviving examples of

man with a sophisticated command of artistry European literature
D) was regarded as a great poet in later antiquity D) To give brief information about Homer,
although his artistic skills were not initially focusing on his works the Iliad and the Odyssey
recognised on a large scale E) To explain how Homer influenced poems who
E) accounted the Trojan War in the Iliad, putting imitated him in the following centuries
special emphasis on the role of the ancient
Athenians
22
72-74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 73. It is pointed out in the passage that the
cevaplayınız. Phoenicians ----.
A) brought about the rapid spread of

For more than two millennia, domestic cats domesticated cats throughout Britain
remained almost entirely exclusive to Egypt.
Here, they became so admired that their export B) were considered as the seafarers who offered
to other countries was, in theory at least, strictly cats to Roman Empire as precious gifts
banned. But, with their strongly independent C) convinced the Egyptians about the commercial
natures, domesticated Egyptian cats most likely value of cats
drifted away into other regions. The cats of
ancient Egypt were valuable commodities. It is D) domesticated cats and banned their export to
thought that the Phoenicians acquired them and different countries
carried them for sale or exchange on their
E) might have begun to transport cats because of
commercial voyages along the sea routes to
their commercial value
Spain, Italy, and the Mediterranean islands. It is
speculated that this nation of seafarers may in
fact have started transporting cats, tame or
otherwise, at a much earlier date. The Egyptians
themselves may have perhaps presented some of
their cats as prestigious gifts to the Romans.
After domestic cats reached Rome, the advance
of the Roman Empire carried them even farther
throughout Western Europe. By the end of the
Roman Empire, cats were probably widespread in
Britain, where they were to enjoy hundreds of
years of peaceful coexistence with people until 74. It can be understood from the passage that
they fell out of favour in the Middle Ages. before the Middle Ages, ----.
72. According to the passage, domestic cats A) the number of domesticated cats found in
were almost entirely exclusive to Egypt for a Britain was too low
long time because ----. B) cats were not seen as prestigious gifts by the
A) they were not admired in other parts of the Egyptians
world until the Middle Ages C) cats were not highly favoured throughout
B) they were not allowed to be transferred to Western Europe
other countries as they were greatly adored D) British people did not consider cats to be a
C) the Egyptians controlled their independent precious commodity like the Egyptians did
nature so that they could not move to other E) cats became popular in a large area thanks to
regions the advance of the Roman Empire
D) no other nation of seafarers than the
Egyptians considered them as valuable
commodities
E) there were no peaceful environments where

they could live in harmony with people
23
75-77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 76. According to the passage, the Hundred
cevaplayınız. Years' War ----.
A) is the official name used by the English Crown

The Hundred Years' War is the name modern to refer to the armed conflicts between England
historians have given to what was actually a and France from 1337 to 1453
series of related conflicts, fought over a 116-year
period, between England and France. In battles B) was preceded by a number of military conflicts
fought from 1337 to 1453 for control of France between England and France due to the
and the French Crown, England initially had the landholdings of the English Crown in France
advantage, but in 1429, the French, inspired by C) inspired quite a lot of military leaders from
Joan of Arc, regained all areas of France that they both England and France in the centuries that
had lost up to that point in the war, except for followed
Calais. In fact, England and France had been at
war several times before the Hundred Years' War D) broke out because of the efforts made by Joan
because of the landholdings of the English Crown of Arc to retake the control of the French lands,
in France. With the beginning of the Hundred including Calais
Years’ War, the French found themselves losing
E) was more destructive in Calais than it was in
ground against the English. Militarily, the English
Crécy and Agincourt due to the use of the
longbow proved especially devastating to the
devastating English longbow
French and led to the English victories at Crécy
and Agincourt. The English believed that they
were secure in their victory, but found that the
situation began to change in 1429. With France’s
control over all the lands previously held by the
English, the war finally ended in 1453.
77. It can be inferred from the passage that Joan
of Arc ----.
75. It is clear from the passage that before 1429, A) changed the course of the war between
the English ----. England and France
A) were uncertain of their victory against the B) believed that the war would last much longer
French despite their remarkable military power than the French thought
B) failed to conquer Calais because of the C) found a way to use the devastating English
vigorous fight supported by Joan of Arc longbow against the English
C) captured many areas in France despite the D) was responsible for the onset of the military
strong military resistance by the French conflicts before the Hundred Years' War
D) managed to occupy some areas in France E) objected to the English oppression following
thanks to their overwhelming military power the occupation of Calais in 1337
E) did not use the devastating longbow because
the French did not pose a serious threat to their
victory
24
78-80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 79. According to today’s psychologists, the
cevaplayınız. campaign ----.
A) was more like a financial initiative although it

During the Second World War, the US was used as a psychological intervention
government found itself wrestling with a meaty
problem. It was trying to encourage citizens to B) functioned as a true pioneer of wise
eat offal (liver, intestines, heart, etc.) so that psychological interventions
better cuts of meat could be shipped to the C) did not stimulate considerable interest to
troops abroad, but the message was not getting maintain long-lasting effect
through. Therefore, the government recruited
some serious brainpower: renowned D) gained near-legendary status as it helped the
anthropologist Margaret Mead and the father of US troops eat offal instead of meat in wartime
social psychology, Kurt Lewin. Instead of telling
E) was heavily criticised by the public despite
people that eating offal was a patriotic duty,
being successful
Mead and Lewin tried to understand their
psychological resistance to eating it in the first
place. They found that offal was seen as the food
of the poor, and also that people were unsure
how to cook it. And so they launched a new
campaign to rebrand offal 'variety meat’ and
teach the public how to prepare it. As more
people experimented with it, offal lost its bad
reputation and became a dietary mainstay. It
may sound like a straightforward marketing 80. What is the passage mainly about?
campaign, but for today's psychologists the
initiative has gained near-legendary status. Many A) The dietary problems the US troops went
cite it as a forerunner to something they call through during the Second World War
‘wise psychological interventions' - apparently B) Mead and Lewin's collaboration to evoke
simple actions that produce long-lasting changes patriotic feelings of the US citizens
in behaviour.
C) The way a wise psychological intervention
changed people's attitude toward something
unfavourable
78. How did Mead and Lewin succeed in
changing public attitude toward offal? D) A comparison between today's psychologists
and those of the Second World War in terms of
A) They effectively exploited people s patriotic their interventions
feelings.
E) The differences between marketing campaigns
B) They focused on the underlying motives in and psychological interventions
rejecting offal.
C) They told the public that cooking offal was

much easier and faster than they thought.
D) They became role models by including offal in

their own diet.
E) They suggested that eating offal had as many

health benefits as meat had.
TEST BİTTİ
CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ
25
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.B 21.A 41.D 61.D

2.D 22.B 42.B 62.B
3.D 23.C 43.B 63.C
4.B 24.A 44.B 64.E
5.A 25.A 45.A 65.E
6.B 26.A 46.B 66.A
7.A 27.C 47.A 67.C
8.C 28.D 48.B 68.E
9.A 29.E 49.B 69.A
10.D 30.C 50.D 70.E
11.C 31.A 51.B 71.D
12.C 32.B 52.E 72.B
13.B 33.A 53.C 73.E
14.D 34.B 54.C 74.E
15.B 35.C 55.D 75.D
16.B 36.C 56.E 76.B
17.C 37.B 57.B 77.A
18.E 38.D 58.C 78.B
19.B 39.D 59.B 79.B
20.B 40.C 60.B 80.C
26
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T.C.

Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere

5. Ancient explorers named the Canary Islands Canaria

6. All species of plants and animals tend to produce

1 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

B) originated / has remained E) through / for

C) had originated / remained

D) were originating / remains

E) have originated / had remained

11. Venice’s vibrant commerce, ---- its peak during the

C) had gone / will start D) went / are to start

E) goes / will have started

12. Anthropologists may have difficulty in separating

D) for / into E) at / from

2 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

D) but E) otherwise D) just as E) provided that

D) while E) as though C) rather than D) together with

3 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

19. Although the composer Johann Strauss Jr.

20. In Costa Rica, responsibility for national parks is

4 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

21. - 25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) in the hope of B) on behalf of

A) focusing B) to have focused

A) in case B) whether C) so that

A) decently B) urgently C) particularly

5 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

26. - 30. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere

A) to have descended B) to descend

A) of B) in C) by A) fixed B) forced C) inspired

D) for E) at D) promised E) improved

A) owing to B) in terms of C) as well as

6 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde

E) Much of cosmological theory has no immediate

34. Because social historians believe in the importance

E) In Greek history, slaves who had faithfully served their

7 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

38. ----, some anthropologists believe that it does not

8 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

40. ----, the most important questions that psychologists

B) Given that there has been an increasing influx of

C) Since the study of psychology spans many different

D) As the earliest psychologists known are the Greek

E) While the psychological disorder known as depression

9 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

10 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

46. Most of the archaeological work done today is part

C) Günümüzde yürütülen arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu,

D) Günümüzdeki arkeolojik çalışmaların çoğu, insanları

11 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye

12 Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.

50. Ultraviyole koruma sağlayan kıyafetler giymek,

C) When you wear clothes that provide ultraviolet

D) You can use 90 percent less sunscreen if you wear

E) By wearing clothes that provide ultraviolet protection,