Section 2 .

1) Show that the directional derivative of fix y , ,

z) = zex +
ys at 11 ,
1
,
2) in the direction

(/)i +
145j is 25

* f (z2 (2x) Xf (1
=

, 3y2 ,
- ,
1 , 2) =
(4 3 ,
4)
,

gradf(z) . E =
(4 ,
3 ,
4) ·

(Y ,
Y 0) , =

grad
3) Compute the directional derivatives of the
following functions along unit

the vector
vectors at the indicated points in directions parallel to
given
.

70) (1 1) 5 =
11 0 1)
c) f(x (x0 , 0,
-

yo
= ,

y z) xyz , ,
= ,
,
,
,

" ai where XER

- and is are parad if =

10, 0)
grad f(x)
1,

grad (yz
=

f(x) =
,
xz ,
xy) =

Takev =
x = (x ,
0
,
-
x)

E (0 0) (2 x)
gradf( ) = 1 ·

0
-
= 0
. , , ,
,

value for the directional

5) b) Let f(x y , , z) =
X-y3 + z3 .
Find the maximum

point (1 2 , 3) .
derivative off at the ,

(3x 372
grad f(*) - 3y2
=
, ,

+ (1 3) (3 27)
grad
2, = 12 ,
=>
-

, ,
 The direction of fastest increase is
parallel to f( *. )

gradf(x) 1
= (3 27)
= (3 12 27)
.

I .
-

12 , , ,

11 grad f(x ) 11
9 144
.

+ + 729

>
-
grad f(x) . = 9 +He s

grad +( ) .
. E = 21

7) normal to the
of change of f(x
Find the rate z) the direction
y xyz in
=
, ,

surface at (1 1, 1) .
yx* xy yz
+ + = 3
,

Take
g(x y , ,
z) =

yx2 +
xy yz +

at (x0 yo z0) = (1 1 1) is
Let in normal rector
,
>
-
, , ,

be the

grad g(x.) =
(2Xoyo +
y ?, x * +
2x0y0 + z5 ,
1y070) =
13 ,
4 ,
2)

I
=
9 + 16 + 4
·
(3 ,
4 ,
2)
= 13 , .
4

grad f(x) =
(Yozo ,
Xoto , YoYo) =
(1 ,
1, 1)

- grad f(x)
· i
= (1 ,
1, 1) ·
13 42.
,

>
- grad f(x) = ,
,
 to each surface f(x g)
9) equation for tangent z =

the plane
,

Find the

at the indicated point :

at the point (1 , 2 -3)

a) z = x* +
y -

bxy ,
,

f(x xi Yo (1 2, 3)
y
-

y z)
z
bxy
=
+
-

= - ,
, , ,

# f(x) .
(x-X0 -Yo , ,
z-z0) = 0 is the tangent plane

Yf ( * 0) =
(3x: -

by ., 3y3 -

6x0
,
-

1) =
( -

9 ,
6
,
-
1)

=> ( -

9 6 1) (x 1 3) 9x 9
by 12
-

2, z =
.

y + + z 3 0
-

, + =
-
-

.
- -

= 9x 6
by
-

+ -

z =

*
at 11 0)
surface
4

13) Find a unit normal to the cosky) = e -2 , ,

=
f(x) cos(xy) et -
To = (1 i 0)
cosky)
=
2 = ,
, ,

e = -
-

1
0
-0
-
.

grad f(x) =
(- ysin (xy) ,
-

xin (y) ,
-et) =
(- Rsin(i) -sin(n) , ,
-e)

=> i =
gradf(x) = , 1)
10 , 0
f()1I
Il
grad

n =
10, 0
,
1)
15) that the definition following Theorem 14 yields as a special case the
Show , ,

formula for the plane tangent to the

graph of f(x y) , by regarding the
graphs

F(x z) f(x y) I see Section 2 3) .

level surface of =
z
.

y
-

, ,
as a
,

Take F(x , y ,
z) = f(x y) ,
-

=> F(Y) =

10of
=> YF(Y ) (x-xo zo)
·

.
, y -Yo z
-

= 0
,

- (x -

x0)
Of + ly
- y) -(z-z)-
=> (x -x 0

)Of
+
ly-yo) + zo

f(x y) => Zo =
f(x0 yo)
that
,

Considering
z =
,

the definition of the

tungent plane
We get

(x-xo) of +

ly-yo Of + f(x %-,

called even function if f(x) =

fl-E)
f IR"-D
an

25) A function : is

and findIf at the

for EERR" If f is differentiable even
,

every
.

origin .

f(y) =
f) z) -

Df = +(5) =
1-
> +(2) (0fox) , of -( -x) =- fil
-

...
 Thus ,
we have

Yf(x) =
Yf( y) -
=
-

Yf) -

Y)

=>
Yf(y) +
Yf(x) = 0

Now ,
we take the gradient at 2 = =

=>
Yf() + Y f( -) =
2 Yf(0) = 8

=> Yf(0) = :

Section 3 .
1

derivatives
of
foxe ofoxy
of
Toy ,
partial
, ,
second
1) Compute the

function
following
otyoyox for the

10,0)
where (xy) +
f(x y)
,
=
2xy/ (x + y2)2 ,
on the
region

of2y(eye
-

(x + yz)X (x)zyg
=
2y(y 3xx) -

(x2 y(3 +

off 2y)-bx)(x yas - bylyz3x2)(xyC +

+
4
(x2 ye)+

3x2)
12xy(x
12xy9
=
+
ya +
ya - -

(x2 +
ya)4

>ot
-
xy -

xy
=
24
(x2 +
y2)4
 * *

ly"-3x2)(x* y2) 2y(2y)(x y2) by (y" 3x2)(x yz) (2y)

ofe
+ *
+
-

+
-

+
<
I

(x2 + yz)b4

2(x2 + y2)(y" -
3x2 +
Cyz) -

12y2(y2 3x2) -

(x2 +
yz)4

Glexy -
x
+
+
y
+
-

xyz
-

Cy
+
+ bx(yz)
=

(x2 + yz)4

6) x" + 6x y yi) +
36x2y" by
-

- bx + -

=
=

(x2 +
yz)4 (x2 +
yz)4

Of 6x4 +
36x2y2 by4
-

=
-

OX
Dy
+

(x2 +
yz)

"

x y2(y)exxty-ly
-

of2xtye) (x + yz)X (x2 + yz)3

2x(x= -

3ye)
=

(x2 +
y(3

of
2x) ya)3
2
-

by)(x* + -

6x(x* -

3y2)(x2 yz) + (2y)

=

+
4
(x2 ye) +

12xy(x2 +
ya + xx -

3yz) -

12xy(2x" 2y4 -

- =

(x2 +
ya)4
(x2 + yz)4

-
> out--yea
 y (x(2x)(x ya-ex(x-3y)(xy
ot
+
2(x-3g)(x + +

(x2 + yz)b4

2(x2 + yz)(x -

3yz + 2x2) -
12x(x2 -

3yz)
=

(x2 +
yz)4

Glexy -y +
+ x
+
-

xyz
-

(x
+
+ bx(yz)
=

(x2 + yz)4

6) x" + 6x y yi) +
36x2y" by
-

- bx + -

=
=

(x2 +
yz)4 (x2 +
yz)4

-extboxy y
E OOf =

(x2 + yz)
+

7) Find all the second partial derivatives of the following functions at

the
point
To .

c) f(x y 0
,
,
z) = e
x yz
; =
10 ,
0
,

of yze
= lyze
= zeye
outof yeyzx

o xet xe
 off veyze =
11) Show that the
following functions satisfy the one-dimensional wave equation

of Iof of of-
a) f(x ,
+) = sin(x et) -

of =

cos(x-ct) o =
-sinxt

of = -cos(x-ct)
of = -sinixt

ofof = -sin(x-ct) + sinxt =

b) f(x , t) = sin(x)sin (ct)

of =
cos(sinIct)
Off = -sin(x) since t

of = sin(x)
cost) = -sin) sinct

ofof = -sin()sinct + Esin(x)sinkt -=

 2) f(x , t) = (x -
ct)" + (x + et)"

of
&X
= b(x - ct)" + b(x +
ct)50 =
30(x -

xt)" + 30(x + et)"

= -6c(x-c Sc(xtcdt +
= 30(x-ct"30cxxl

=>-zox-c" + 30cxt" -30x-ct"-socket -

17) Use Theorem 1 to show that if flx y z)

, ,
is of class 2" then
,

x
We know that

ofof ftoa

-(f)of is at lasts a

= x

=> x
19) Verify fozw =
faux for fix ,
g ,
z
,
w) = e
***
sin(xw)

o yeOf
a
et
*

= xcosixwe =
xycos(xw

Gif ** ** *
1
=

=
exycos(xw) e -

x*ywsin(xwle + xyzzcos(xw) e

0x0zOw

of =
yzexsin(xw) + we
*
cosy s

of
3-coskxw)
+
** **
=
xyze + e cos(wx) -

wxe sin(we)
Own

Of *
Y
* +
3
+

cos(xw) xy 37
+ = *
3
=
xye + ze
cos(xw) +
xye cos(wx) -

way sin(wx) e
DzOwOX

**
Exycos(xw) e
* *
Y
x'ywsin(w) e ***
costw)
=

xy'ze
-

>
-

fzwx =
fxzw

25) A function u = f(x g) ,

with continuous second partial derivatives

satisfying Laplace's equation .

ouo = 0

function Show that ulxyl x"-3xy2 is harmonic

called
=

is a harmonic .

zyzex -by
au
= 3x2 - =
= -

6x
& X
 =>ou ou = 6x-o

Thus , u is harmonic .

29) Let f and

o
be c functions of one variable .
Set 0 f(x-t) +
g(x
=
+
t)

%
a) Prove that I satisfies the have
equation : %72 =
02
%%x .

= f(x-t) .

d(x-t) + gix + t
dt is =

-
f'(x -

t) +
g(x t)
+

= -f"(x-t
d +
gi(x t)d(x
+

dt
+ +)
=
f"(x-t) +
g|(x + t)

= f(x-t) .

d(x-t)
dX
gixt
d(x + z)

dX
=
f(x -

t) +
g(x t)
+

00 =
+"(x -

+)
dx +
gi(x +

t)d(x
+ t
=
f"(x-t) +
g(x

=>%-f"(x-t g"(x tel,

+ +

of o against t and x if f(x) = X* and g(x) =

0
b) Sketch the
graph
0

vVrN

Y
Section 3 . 1

1) +
*

Let f(x , y) = e

a) Find the first-order Taylor formula for f at 10, 0) .

of-e*tot 1

of-extof 10

f(0 ,
0) = 1

=>
f (n ,
hz) = 1 + me + hz + Ri),)

b) Find the second-order Taylor formula for f at 10, 0) .

· I

=
f(h hu) = 1 + hi + he +
b + mm +
bhz + Rz(,)
,

7) Determine the second-order Taylor formula for the given function about the
given
point .
f(x y) ,
=
sin(xy) +
cos(xy) ,
where Xo = 0
, yo
= 0

fx =
ycos(xy)
-

ysin(xy) fx (0 0
,
= 0

fy =
xcos(xy) -

xsin(xy) +y 10, 0) = 0
 fxx fxx (0 0) = 0

yesinky)- y'cosixyl
,
= -

fyy = -
X
sin(xy)
-

xcos(xy) fyy 10 0 ,
= 0

fxy =
fyx =
cosixy) -

xysinky) -

sin(xy) -

xycos(xy)

f (0 0),
=
fyx(0 0) ,
=
1
xy

f( , 0) = 1

>
- f(h ha) = 1 + h, m + Re(,)
,

11) Let sin(xy) 3xology 1. Find the

degree 2 polynomial which best
glxy)
= - + .

point (M42 .
a the 1)
approximates
near
,

g(x0 , yo) =
1 + 1 = 2

gx (X0 yo) ,
=
y .
ls(X -
y ) .
-

6Xology = 0

gy(Xo yo) ,
= X . Ls (XoYo) -

3-3
gxx (x0 , yo) = -

y sin (xoyo) -

Glogyo =-1

gyy) to yo)
+-
X Sir (Xoy)
3
=

i
-

,
+

(Xo
gxy yo) =
cos(Xoyo) Xoyosin (Xoyo)
60
-
-M-bT
-

, -

= =

-
gly y) ,
= c -

34(y-1) - (x - -

7(x - )(y -

1) + (y 1)
-

&
Bonus

. 1
3 .

32) Let

(
xy (x2
-

y2)/(x2 ye) + (x ,
y) + 1, 0)
f(x,y)
,
=

(0, 0)
(x ,
y) =

a) If (x ,
y) + 10, 0) ,
calculate offox and offoy.

of y(x-yY (xty2 vy(2x)(x2 + y2)-xylxyx s

+
=

(x2 + yz)2

= yxx y
-

+ 2x
+
y + 2x
*

y3 -

2x4y + 2xby3

(x2 + yz)
y(X" ye)
+ *
-

y + 4x
=

(x2 +
ya)2
Similarly ,

of xly"-x + xy
-

(x2 + yz)2

that (0x) 10, 0 0 10%g) 10 0) ,

b)
= =

Show

(of jad him fhd-flimo

(ot(100 = him flou-f(0)lim or = O

c) Show that (0-oxig (10 0 ,

= 1
, 10-yon) 10, 0 = -1

lo /100 = (100 =
him -00lim .

((w = m 00lim- . . .
 ? Why the mixed partials not equal ?
d)
are
What went
wrong

?
f is not of class C