CHAPTER 2 Acid Bases and Salts ®. % ONE MARK QUESTIONS Write chemical equation for the reaction of zine metal on sodium hydroxide. Aus ‘Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) [CBSE 2010] Na,2Zn0,(aq) + Hy(g) ‘Thee acidic solutions A, B and C have pH = 0,3 and 5 respectively. a. Which solution has the highest concentration of 1b. Which solution has the lowest concentration of 1H ions? ‘Ans : [CBSE 2015] 1 Thesolution with pH =0 has highest concentration of HT ions, b. ‘The solution with pH = 5 has lowest concentration of I ions, What is meant by p and H in pH? Ams = [CBSE 2014} stands for ‘poten’ in German meaning power, H stands of hydrogen, Define alkalies and give an example, ‘Ans [CBSE 2014} Water soluble bases are called alkalies e.g, NaOH. ‘Mention the range of pH for identification of a base Ans : [CBSE 2014} 7.1 to Lis the pH range for bases How chloride of lime differs from ealcium chloride? ‘Ans : [CBSE 2014} ‘CaOCI, is the chloride of time whereas CaCl, caleinm iloride. What is meant by water of crystallisation in a substane ‘Ans : [CBSE 2014} ‘The water molecules associated with a crystalline solid are called water of erystallisation, Write the chemical name and chemical formula of washing soda, Ans = [CBSE 2014} Na,CO,10H,0, sodium carbonate decachydrate is ‘worhing soda, What effect does an inerease in concentration of 10, " 2 a 4 15. H*(aq) ions in a solution have on pH of solution’? Ans [CBSE 2013,2009] Increase in H* concentration will lend to decrease in pH, Name a gas evolved when dilute HO! reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate, How is it recognised? Ans : [CBSE 2013] Carbon dioxide, it turns lime water milky. In this way, CO, gas is recognised. What are olfactory indicators? Ans: (CBSE 2013] ‘Those indicators whose smell changes in acidic and basic solutions Why does 1 M HCI solution have a high concentration of Ht ions than | M CH,COOH solution? Ans {CBSE 2013,2009), tis because 1M HClis astrong acid and itis completely ionised in aqueous solution whereas CH,COOH is a ‘weak acid, so it is only partially ionised. Write the chemical equation representing the action of atmospheric CO, gas on bleaching powder when left exposed in open. Ans Ca0Cl, + CO, — CaCO, + Cl, [CBSE 2013] How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an active metal? Ans [CBSE 2012,2000) Bring a burning matchstick near the gas. If it is burnt ‘with ‘pop’ sound, the gas is H, How is the pH of solution of an acid influenced when Page 1116. 1”. 8 9, 25. Bases and Salts itis diluted?” ‘Ans = [CBSE 2012} pl of the solution inereuses when it is diluted. At what pH rain water is said to be acidie ‘Ans = [CBSE 2012} When pH < 5.5, the rain water becomes acidic, Which gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with zine metal? Write the moleeular formula of this gas ‘Ans : [CBSE 2019] Dibydrogen gas, H. Dry HCI gas does not change the colour of dry blue Fitmms, Give reason to justify it Ans [CBSE 2013} Dry HCI (g) does not form ions, therefore it does not affeet dey blue litmus Why is HCI a stronger acid than acetic acid’? ‘Ans = [CBSE 2012} HCl is completely ionised in aqueous solution whereas acetic acid is only partially ionised in aqueous solution, Name the chemicals used in acid fire extinguisher and ‘the gas evolved from it when it is used? ‘Ans = [CBSE 2012, 2011] NaHCO, (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) and HS, (Sulphuric acid). The gas evolved is earbon dioxide. Which ‘Ans = s a stronger acid, with pH = 5 or with pH=2? [CBSE 2011] ‘The acitl with pH = 2 is a stronger acid. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a proper quantity of water. Identify the compound and write its chemical formula ‘Ans : [CBSE 2011) CaS0,4H,0 (Plaster of Paris), Caleium sulphate hemihydrate. What is meant by term pH{ of solution? The pH of rain water collected from two cities A° and ‘B’ were found to be 6.0 and 5.0 respectively, The water of which city will be more acidic? Ans 5 [CBSE 2011} pH of solution is defined as nogative logarithm of H* ion concentration. It determines the strength of acid and base, Rainwater with pH = 5 is more acidic, A few drops of sulphuric acid are added to water before electrolysis, why’? ‘Ans ¢ [CBSE 2011) Water is not a good conductor of electricity. Few Grops of sulphuric acid makes it better conductor of electricity Write the names of two salts belonging to sodium 2. 2. 28. 2. 2. Write the name and ch [CBSE 2011] NaCl, NaCO, are two salts belonging to sodium family. Which among distilled water, tap water and sea water is the best conductor of electricity’? Ans: [CBSE 2010, 2011] Sea water is a better conductor due to the presence of fons, Name the acids present in (i) nettle sting, (ti) curd Ans [CBSE 2010] (@) HCOON, Formic acid. (ii) Lactic acid, CH3-CH(OH)-COOH Name a salt which docs not contain water of crystallisation Ans : [CBSE 2010] NaHCO, is a salt that docs not contain water of crystallisation. Write the name and ch formed by heat Ans Plaster of Paris, CaSO, 31,0 mmical formula of the product ng gypsum at 373 K, [CBSB 2010) ‘The pH of a sample of vegetable soup was found to be 6.5, How is this soup likely to taste? Ans: It will be sour in taste, [eBse 2010] Which bases are called alkalies? Give one example of alkali Ans: (CBSE 2010,2009) ‘Those bases which are soluble in water are called alkalies e.g., NaOH, KOH. inical formnla of the product, formed by aetion of chlorine on slaked lime. Ans + [CBSE 2010] CaOCL,, Bleaching powder, Calcium oxy-chloride, Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction Tetween sodium carbonate and hydrochloric eid indicating the physical state of reactants and the produets. Ans: [CBSE 2010] NasCOs(s) + 2HCI (dill) — 2NaCl (oq) + COs) + H:0() Name the acid and base that have constituted the salt ‘ammonium nitrate Ans Acid: HNO, Base: NHOH ({e., Nitric acid, Ammonium hydroxide). (CBSE 2010] Suggest one way to reduce alkaline nature of the soil. Ans: [CBSE 2010] Add ammonium nitrate (Acidic salt) to neutralise alkaline nature of soil, rage 12Chap 2: Acid Bases and Salts 36. Oxides of metals are basie while these of non-metals are acidic. Explain, ‘Ans : [CBSE 2010] Metal oxides dissolve in water to form base basic in nature, On the other hand non-metals dissolve in water to form acids, acidic in nature. 37. What is the difference between slaked lite and lime water? Ans & [CBSE 2010} ‘The solid Ca(OH), is slaked lime whereas clear solution of Ca(OH), in water is lime water. 38 Write a balanced chemical equation for the nontralisation reaction, mentioning the physical state of reactants and products, Ams « [CBSE 2010} NaOH(aq) + HCIaq) —> NaCl(aq) + H,0() 39. During summer season, a milkman usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk, Give one ‘Ans = [CBSE Sample Paper 2009] Baking soda is basic in nature, it will not allow mill ‘to tum sour due to the formation of Inctie acid. ‘Curd is not kept in copper and brass utensils, why’ Aus [CBSE 2009C] ‘Curd contains lnetie acid which ean make poisonous compounds with brass and copper vessels. 41 Frosh mill has pH = 6, When it changus to curd will its pH value increase or decrease? ‘Ans + [CBSE 2009] pH value will decrease when milk changes to curd, 42, What would be the colour of litmms in a solution of soi ‘Ans [CBSE 2009] ‘The red litmus will turn blue in Na,CO, sol a carbonate? What is the colour of lituus in a solution of ammonium hydroxide? Ans: [CBSE 2009) Red litmns will turn blue green colour in a solution of hydroxide, 44, On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue green. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue green colour ta the sohation, ‘Ams = [CBSE 2008} Copper chloride imparts blue green colour to the solution 45. How docs flow of acid rain water into river makes the survival of aquatic life in the river diffieult? Ans : [CBSE 2008} Acidie water makes aquatic species uncomfortable. Aquatic species are more comfortable in the pH 78. 46. 4. 48. 49. 51, 53, How docs the pH change when solution of a base is diluted? ‘Ans : [CBSE 2008] ‘When solution of a base is diluted, its pH decreases, Arrange the following in an increasing order of their 1. Blood, Lemon juice. [CBSE 2008) Lemon juice < Blood < NaOH solution, At what pH in the mouth is tooth decay faster and why? Ans : [CBSE 2008] At pH lower than 5.5, tooth decay becomes faster because calcium phosphite (enamel) reacts with acid and gets corroded, TWO MARKS QUESTIONS A white chemical compound becomes hard on mixi proper quantity of water. It is also used to maintain joints in fixed position. Name the chemical compound ‘and write its chemical formula, Write the chemical equation to show what happens when water is added to this compound in proper quanti Ans [CBSE Sample Paper 2018, CBSE 2016) CaSO, $H,O is the forma of the compound. The name ‘of compound is ‘Plaster of Paris’ (Calcium sulphate hemihydrate). CaSO4- $H20 +120 — CaS0,- 240 (Peak (Crom) ‘Two solutions ‘A? and ‘B® have pH value 3.0 and 10.5, respectively, Which of these will tum, fa, Blue litznus solution to red. b, Phenolphthalein from colourless to pink? Justify your answer in each case. Aus (CBSE 2016] A’ with pH = 3, will turn blue litmms red becanse it is acidic in nature, b, “BY with pH = 10.5, will turn phenolphthalein colourless to pink because ‘B” is basic in nature. ‘Tho pH of soil ‘A’ is 7.5, while that of soil “B is 4.5. Which of the two soils A or B should be treated with powdered chalk to adjust the pH and why? Ans: [CBSE 2016] Soil ‘B’ is acidic, therefore it needs to be treated with powdered chalk to adjust its pH beeause chalk is basic, which will make soil neutral Write the chemical equation to deseribe how baking soda is produced on a large scale, Also write the chemical name of the products formed in the reaction. Ans : (CBSE 2016] NHs+H,0+00,+NaCl—* NaHCO; + NH.Cl (Gatton (An ‘sihante) it) What is chlor-alkali proces’? Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved in this 2BChap 2: Acid Bases and Salts 5, 56. 59. Process, to justify your answer. ‘Ans = [CBSE 2016] jon is clectrolysed we get alkali (NaOH) and chlorine (Cl,) gas, this process is called clilor-lks 2NaC (aq) + 2H,0 (1) —+ 2NAOH (aq) + Ha(=) + Chale) When brine solu What is How wonld you show that copper sulphate crystals contains water of crystallisation’? “Ans # neant by the term water of crystallisation? [CBSE 2016] ‘The moleeules of water associated with a erystallin ibstance are called water of crystallisation When hydrated copper sulphate is heated its colour changes from blue to dirty white and water droplets aro formed. CuSO ,5H,0 —“+ Cus, + 51,0 Ir we add little water to anhydrous CuSO, we get blue colour again. It is the presence of molecules of water of rystallisation which was lost on heating. CuSO, + 5H,O —> CuSO, 5H,0 Gans Mention the pH of aqueous solution of the following salts as 7, anore than 7, less than 7, KCI, Na,CO,, NH,C1, NaNO, (Sodium nitrate) Ans = [CBSE 2016] KCl and NaNO, has pH = Na,CO, has pH > 7 NUC1 has pH <7 ‘You have two solutions A and B. The pH of solution “A° is G and the pH of solution ‘B’ is 8, Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which one of this is acidie and which one is basic? ‘Ams : [CBSE 2016} “A? has more H* ion concentration. “A” is acidic while ‘B? is basic, Give suitable reasons to justify the following statement An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral but ‘an aqneons solution of sodinm metal is basi. ‘Aus : [CBSE 2016) Sodium chloride is made up of a strong base, NaOH ‘and a strong acid, HCL Therefore, its aqueous solution fs nontral in nature. Sodium metal reacts with water to form and HL, gas 2Na(s) + 2H.0() — 2NaOH (ag) + H.(0) 2OH(Base) ‘What is the action of litmus on a. dry ammonia gas b. solution of ammonia gas in water? ‘Ans = [CBSE 2016] a. There is uo effect of dry litmus on dry ammonia as. 1b. Solution of ammot will turn red litamus blue. State the observations yon wonld make on adding sodium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a ferrons sulphate b. aluminium ehloride. on 63. Ans (CBSE 2016) a, Green precipitate of Fe(OH), will be formed: FeSO (us) + 2NsOH (ay) —— Fe(OH), 1 Na,SO (ag) eon b. White precipitate of A(OF), will be formed AICI(aq) + 3NaOH — Al(OH)(s) + 3NaCl(ag) (ier 15 ui. of water and 10 mL of sulphuric acid are to be mixed in « beaker a. State the method that should be followed with 1b. What is this process ealled? Ans [CBSE 2015] a, Acid should be added to the water slowly with constant cooling because the reaction is highly exothermic 1b. This process is called dilution, [Name the acid present in the following: a, ‘Tomato, b, Vinegar, ©. Tamarind Ans [CBSE 2015] a, Tomato contains oxalic acid. b, Vinegar contai c. Tamarind contains tartaric acid. acetic acid. Explain how antacid works, Ans: [CBSE 2015] Antacids are weakly basic in nature. They n excess of HCI present in our stomach and relief from hyper-acidity. utralise Equal lengths of magnesium ribbon are taken in test tube ‘A’ and ‘B’. Hydrochlorie acid (HCI) is aelded to test tube A’ while acotie acid (CH,COOH) is added to test tube ‘B’. In which test tube. will fizzing occur more vigorously and why? Ans + [CBSE 2015] ‘The fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube ‘A’ deeanse HCL is a strong acid and reacts faster than acetic acid which is a weak acid. State what does pH of solution signify? Three solutions ‘A, Band C have pHf values of 6, 2 and 10 respectivel Which one of these solutions is highly acidic? Which solution will turn red litmus blue? ‘Ans : (CBSE 2015] ge 14Chap 2: Acid Bases and Salts 66. 6. 9. pH of solution signifies the nature of the solution Le., it is weakly acidic, strongly 1 acidic, neutral, weakly basic, strongly basie, . Explain the phenomenon involved. Ans: [CBSE 2012] a CuSO, 5H,0 (Hydrated copper sulphate) b, Cus0,5H,0 H+ Caso, + 58,0 ‘The colour changes due to the loss of molecules of water of crystallisation. Colour is regained by absorbing water molecules from the atmosphere containing water vapours. 1. (a) Write the name given to the bases that are highly soluble in water. Give an example (b) Why docs bee sting causes pain and irritatios Rubbing of baking soda on the sting area gives relief. How? Ans (CBSE 2012] (a) Highly soluble bases are called alkalies e.g.. KOH. (b) Bee sting contains HCOOH, formic acid which ‘causes irritation. Baking soda (basie) neutralises HCOOH, therefore it gives relief from pain on rubbing it om sting area, 1. ‘The pH of the mouth of a person is lower I than 5.5. What changes will occur in his mouth? How these changes can be controlled? Write any two measures. Ans: [CBSE 2012, 2011, 2010] ‘Acid will be formed in the mouth which eases tooth, decay. a, Wash your mouth with water after every meal, 1b, Brush your teeth after meal. Toothpastes are basic in nature and it will neutralise the acid formed in mouth, What is a neutralisation reaction Ans "The reaction in which acid reacts salt and water is called neutralisation reaction g., KOH(aq) + HINO,(aq) —> KNO,(aa) + 4,0) Give one example. [oBSE 2011 ] ith a base to form Write the chemical name of Plaster of paris. Write fa chemical equation to show the reaction between Plaster of paris and water. Ans: [CBSE 2011] Ca$O4+ FHsO (Caleinmn sulphate hemilydrate) CaSO, + $H:0 + }H,0 — CaSO, - 2,0 1. State in brief the preparation of washing soda from baking soda. Write balanced renetion involved, Ans: [CBSE 2011] When sodium hydrogen carbonate (Baking soda) nical equation of the Page 15Chap 2: Acid Bases and Salts 30. a2. 3 is heated sodium carbonate is formed which on crystallisation forms washing soda: 2NaHCO, —"**+ NajCO;+ CO,+ 0 ‘eag at) ‘NayCO, + 10H,0 — Na,CO; + 10H,0 ating) ‘What is colour of FeSO, 7H0 crystals? How does this colour change upon heating? Give a balanced ehetnical ‘equation for the change ‘Ans : [CBSE 2011) FeSO, 7H,O is pale green in colour. It becomes dirty white’on heating F:S0,7H,0 —+ FSO, + 7H,0 Tit is heated strongly Fe,O, and 80,, SO, gases will be formed 2880, + Fe,0, + $0, + $0, Classify the following salts into acidic, basic and neutral salts: Potassium sulphate, ammonium chloride, sodinm carbonate, sorlinm chloride Ans: Acidic: Ammonium chloride, Basie: Sodium earhonate, Noutral: Potassium sulphate, sodium chloride, [CBSE 2011] A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute HCL contained in a test tube. The evolved gas was passed through lime water. a What change would be observed in lime water? b. Write a balanced chemical equation for the above change. Ans = [CBSE 2011) a, Lime water will turn uilky. b, Ca(OH),(aa) + CO,(g) —> CaCO,(s) + 1,00) A white powder is added while baking breads and while making cakes to make them soft and fhufty, What is the name of that powder? What are the main ingredients in it? What are the fmetions of each, igredient? Ans : [CBSE 2011,2010] the powder is baking powder. It consist of sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid NaHCO, gives CO, on heating which makes the bread cake soft and fluffy. Tartaric acid neutralises Na,CO, which is bitter in taste. HCl and HNO, show acidic charncteristies in aqueous solution while alcohol and glucose solutions do not. Give reasons, Ans = [CBSE 2011} HCl and HNO, form H* or H,O* ious in aqueous solution whereas alcohol and glucose do not dissociate into ions. HCl+#H,O — Hor + cr HNO, + H,0 —> H,0° + NO; ‘What is bleaching powder chemically? Give a reaction for its preparation. State one of its use, “Ans = Blea [CBSE 2011] i powder ig chemically CaOCl,, calcium 85. 86. oxychloride Ca(OH), + Cl, — CaOCl, + H,0 It is used as a disinfectant ic., it makes water fit for drinking What are olfactory indicators? Dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry blue litmus, Give reason. Ans : (CBSE 2011) Olfactory indicators: They give different smell in acids and bases. Dry HCl(g) does not for cffect on litmus, jons, so there is no Answer the following: a. Why is Plaster of paris written as CaSO, $H,0 2 How is it possible to have a half water molecule attached with CaSO,? b. Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate an essential ingredient in antacids? [CBSE 20112010) a, It has one molecule of water associated with 2 molecules of CaSO,. Water molecules are present ‘as water of crystallisation. D. Its a mild base and it can neutralise hyper acidity without harming our body What happens when chlorine is passed over slaked wat 313 K? Write chemical equation of the reaction {involved and state two nses of the product Ans (CBSE 2010] Bleaching powder, CaQCI, is formed! Ca(OH), + Cl, —"*~ Gaoci, + 1,0 a It is used as an oxidising agent, by, Tt is used as a disinfectant What is meant by ‘water of crystallisation’ of fa substance? Deseribe an activity to show that blue copper sulphate crystals contains water of cxystallisation Ans : [CBSE 2009] The molecules of water associated with a crystalline substance are called ‘water of crystallisation, H,0 —+ CuSO,+5H,0 arated copper sulphate is heated its color changes from blue to dirty white and water droplets are formed. If we add little quantity of water to anhydrous CuSO, we get blue colour again. It is those Page 16