Math 2417 – Test #1 Review Solutions

Answers for 1-7 will vary! (There are infinitely many correct answers, only one is listed.)
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 5
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 4 ⋅ 53𝑥−2
3. ℎ(𝑥) = 3 log 9(4𝑥) − 11
𝜋
4. 10
radians
5. 84.3°
6.

1 √3
7. (2 , 2
)

Section 2.1 (Composite Functions)

8. a. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(2) = 1 b. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(2) = 1 c. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3, domain: (−∞, ∞ )
d. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9, domain: (−∞, ∞)
9. a. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = √3 b. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(2) = √2 + 1 c. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1, domain: [−1, ∞)
d. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1, domain: [0, ∞)
15 1 9 3
10. a. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(2) = 4
b. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(2) = 2 c. (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥, domain: {𝑥|𝑥 ≠ 0}
3
d. (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = , domain: (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
𝑥 2 +𝑥

11. The following answers are the preferred solutions, but there are infinitely many correct solutions.
15 𝑥−7
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = b. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 162 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 2
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7
7 10
d. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 e. 𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥
f. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 62
𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1

Section 2.2 (Inverse Functions)

12. Can be determined graphically using the HLT or algebraically with the definition.
a. Not 1-1 b. 1-1 c. 1-1 d. 1-1 e. 1-1

13. Compose the functions both ways or find the inverse of one and compare it to the other.
a. Not Inverses b. Not Inverses c. Inverses

14. Use the switch and solve method.

𝑥+7 1 7 1 6𝑥−1
a. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2
3
b. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 3
= 3𝑥 + 3 c. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = − 𝑥 d. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥−2
Section 1.2 (Average Rate of Change)
15. Average rate of change is 2.
16. Average rate of change is 7.
1
17. Average rate of change is − 2.
18. Average rate of change is 20.
1
19. Average rate of change is − 4.
1
20. Average rate of change is − 6.
2
21. Average rate of change is − 63.

22. Average rate of change is 6𝑎 + 3ℎ + 4.

1
23. Average rate of change is .
√𝑎+ℎ+1+√𝑎+1

Section 3.1 (Linear Functions; Constant Rate of Change)

24. The slope can be written as a fraction or a decimal. (I prefer part c to be written as a fraction)
5 26
a. 𝑚 = −3 b. 𝑚 = − 4 = −1.25 c. 𝑚 = − 23 ≈ −1.13 d. 𝑚 = −5

25. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 21
4 26
26. 𝑦 = 3 𝑥 + 3
27. 𝑓(8) = 34; 𝑓(10) = 38
28. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 9
29. 𝑓(𝑥) = −5𝑥 − 6
30. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
31. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3
32. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
4 11
33. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −
3 3

34. a. 𝐶(𝑥) = 0.1𝑥 + 25; b. 𝐶(400) = 65; It will cost $65 per month for 400 minutes.
1
35. 𝐶 = 5 𝑚 + 50
36. 𝐶(𝑛) = 850𝑛 + 2000; Training 16 sales reps would cost $15,600.
1
37. 𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 15; 700 business cards will be $43.
25

Section 3.2 (Exponential Functions)

38. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5(3𝑥 )
1 𝑥
39. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 (4)
1 𝑥
40. 𝑓(𝑥) = −5 (𝜋)

41. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(0.6)𝑥

42. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 )
 43. 3(6𝑥 )
1 𝑥
44. 2 (2)
1 𝑥
45. (𝜋)
1 5 𝑥
46. ( )
35 7
𝑥
𝑑2
47. 𝑑(𝑐 )
48. a. Initially the number of cells is 3000. b. After 3 hours, there will be 24,000 cells.
49. a. 8000 grams initially b. decreased 2073.45 grams in the first week c. decreased 1536.05
from week 1 to week 2.
Section 3.3 (Modeling with Exponential Functions)
50. (Make sure you know how to use your calculator for these!)
a. A = $7934.37 b. A = $8042.19 c. A = $8067.51 d. A = $8079.95 e. A = $8080.37
I = $2934.37 I = $3042.19 I = $3067.51 I = $3079.95 I = $3080.37

51. Make sure you know how to use your calculator for these! (see #28)
a. A = $474,411.62 b. A = $480,732.12 c. A = $483,971.80

52. Make sure you know how to use your calculator for these! Time is always in years!
a. A = $8080.37 b. A = $9673.96

53. The monthly payment is $221.60.

54. The monthly payment is $ 1,054.01.
55. The monthly payment is $127.28 and the total interest paid is $3,273.60.
56. 𝑁 = 𝑁0 (1.03)𝑡
57. a. 𝐴(𝑡) = 𝐴0 (0.98)𝑡 b. There will be approximately 18.82 grams.
Section 4.1 (Logarithmic Functions)
58. Asking for a specific exponent
a. 3 b. 1 c. -1 d. -2 e. 2

59.
a. (5, ∞) b. (0, ∞) c. (3, 4) d. (0, 1) ∪ (1, 2)

60. Use the definition of a log.

a. 5𝑦 = 625 b. log 1 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 c. 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1
2

d. log 𝑝 𝑦 = −𝑥 e. 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑧 f. ln 𝑦 = 𝑥

Section 4.2 (Properties of Logarithms)

61. Get practice with the log properties!
a. √𝑦 b. 230 c. log 2 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) d. log 4 6
e. ln 𝑥 5 f. log(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6) g.
2𝑥 3 𝑦
log ( 4 ) h. log(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 )
𝑧
 62. Get practice with the log properties!
a. log 3 5 + log 3 𝑥 b. log 5 𝑥 + 3 log 5 𝑦 + log 5 𝑧
c. log 7 4 + log 7 𝑎 − log 7 3 − log 7 𝑏 d. −𝑥 log 3 5 − log 3 2
e. 1 + log 3 𝑥 + 3 log 3 𝑦 − 2 log 3 (𝑥 − 1)

63. Make sure you know how to use your calculator for these!
a. 0.3772 b. 1.5850 c. -3.5850 d. 26.5927

Section 4.3 (Exponential and Logarithmic Equations)

64. {30.5 }
65. {4}
66. {4}
67. {log 3 77}
68. {− log 5 12 + 3}
69. {4}
70. {7}
1
71. { }
2
72. {4}
73. ∅
74. {3}
log 9
75. {
log 35
} 𝑜𝑟 {log 35 9}
76. {log 2 7 + 1}
Section 6T.1 (Angles)
77. Multiply by 𝜋 over 180.
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
a. 6
radian b. radian c. radian d. − radian
12 3 2
3𝜋 11𝜋 17𝜋 95𝜋
e. − 4
radian f. 6
radian g. 36
radian h. 36
radian

78. Multiply by 180 over 𝜋.

a. 60° b. 210° c. 900° d. −225° e. −270° f. 162°

79. √58
80. √33
22𝜋
81. The third angle is 36
radian.
82. The third angle is 100°.
1
83. Use 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 and 𝐴 = 2 𝑟 2 𝜃 with 𝜃 in radian.
𝜋 10𝜋
a. Arclength: 9 units b. Arclength: 2 units c. Arclength: 9
units
81 3𝜋 50𝜋
Area: 2
square units Area: square units Area: square units
4 9
Section 6T.2 (Right Triangle Trigonometry)
15 8 15 17 17 8
84. sin 𝑠 = 17 ; cos 𝑠 = 17 ; tan 𝑠 = 8
; csc 𝑠 = 15 ; sec 𝑠 = 8 ; cot 𝑠 = 15
8 15 8 17 17 15
85. sin 𝑡 = ; cos 𝑡 = ; tan 𝑡 = ; csc 𝑡 = ; sec 𝑡 = ; cot 𝑡 =
17 17 15 8 15 8
7 7√74 5 5√74 7 √74 √74 5
86. sin 𝑠 = = ; cos 𝑠 = = ; tan 𝑠 = 5 ; csc 𝑠 = ; sec 𝑠 = ; cot 𝑠 =7
√74 74 √74 74 7 5
5 5√74 7 7√74 5 √74 √74 7
87. sin 𝑡 = = ; cos 𝑡 = = ; tan 𝑡 = 7 ; csc 𝑡 = ; sec 𝑡 = ; cot 𝑡 =5
√74 74 √74 74 5 7

√3 1 2 2√3 1 √3
88. sin 𝑠 = 2
; cos 𝑠 = 2 ; tan 𝑠 = √3; csc 𝑠 = = ; sec 𝑠 = 2; cot 𝑠 = =
√3 3 √3 3
1 √3 1 √3 2 2√3
89. sin 𝑡 = 2 ; cos 𝑡 = 2
; tan 𝑡 = = ; csc 𝑡 = 2; sec 𝑡 = = ; cot 𝑡 = √3
√3 3 √3 3

#90-93 has multiple answers depending on the location of 𝜃.

90.

91.

92.

93.

2 √5 2 2√5 3 3 3√5 √5
94. sin 𝜃 = 3 ; cos 𝜃 = 3
; tan 𝜃 = = ; csc 𝜃 = 2 ; sec 𝜃 = = ; cot 𝜃 =
√5 5 √5 5 2
5 5√65 8 8√65 5 √65 √65 8
95. sin 𝜃 = = ; cos 𝜃 = = ; tan 𝜃 = ; csc 𝜃 = ; sec 𝜃 = ; cot 𝜃 =
√65 65 √65 65 8 5 8 5
1 5√2 1 √2 7 7√2
96. sin 𝜃 = 7 ; cos 𝜃 = 7
; tan 𝜃 =5 = 10 ; csc 𝜃 = 7; sec 𝜃 = 5 = ; cot 𝜃 = 5√2
√2 √2 10
√21 2 √21 5 5√21 5 2 2√21
97. sin 𝜃 = 5
; cos 𝜃 = 5 ; tan 𝜃 = 2
; csc 𝜃 = = ; sec 𝜃 = 2 ; cot 𝜃 = =
√21 21 √21 21

Section 6T.3 (Analyzing Right Triangles)

98. The hypotenuse is 72.73 and the adjacent side is 72.29.
 99. The hypotenuse is 20 and the opposite side is 19.36.
1
100. Use the formula 𝐾 = 2 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶
3√3 9√2
a. 𝐾 = b. 𝐾 = c. 𝐾 = 0.62 d. 𝐾 = 1.17
2 2

𝜋
101. The third angle is 6 , the adjacent side is √3, and the hypotenuse is 2√3.
102. The third angle is 70°, the opposite side is 0.73, the hypotenuse is 2.13.
𝜋
103. The third angle is ( 2 − 1) radian, the adjacent side is 3.21, and the hypotenuse is 5.94.
𝜋
104. The third angle is 3 , the adjacent side is 5, and the opposite side is 5√3.

105. The tower is 96.16 feet.

106. The drone is flying at 109 feet per minute.
Section 6T.4 (Unit Circle Trigonometry)
√5
107. 𝑥=± 3
√11
108. 𝑦= ± 6
109. Find the acute positive angle between the angle measure and the 𝑥-axis.
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a. 57° b. 17° c. 80° d. 10° e. 83° f. 7
g. 3
h.
6

110.
a. sin 90° = 1; cos 90° = 0; tan 90° = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑; csc 90° = 1; sec 90° = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑; cot 90° = 0
b. sin(−180°) = 0; cos(−180°) = 1; tan(−180°) = 0; csc(−180°) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑; sec(−180°) = 1;
cot(−180°) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
c. sin 𝜋 = 0; cos 𝜋 = 1; tan 𝜋 = 0; csc 𝜋 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑; sec 𝜋 = 1; cot 𝜋 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
3𝜋 √2 3𝜋 √2
d. sin 4
=2
; cos 4 = − 2 ; tan 𝜃 = −1; csc 𝜃 = √2; sec 𝜃 = −√2; cot 𝜃 = −1
5𝜋 √3 5𝜋 1 5𝜋 5𝜋 2 2√3 5𝜋
e. sin (− 6 ) = − 2 ; cos (− 6 ) = − 2 ; tan (− 6 ) = √3; csc (− 6 ) = − 3 = − 3 ; sec (− 6 ) = −2;
√
5𝜋 1 √3
cot (− ) = =
6 √3 3

111.
√7 3 √7 4 4√7 4 3 3√7
a. sin 𝜃 = 4
; cos 𝜃 = 4 ; tan 𝜃 = 3
; csc 𝜃 = = ; sec 𝜃 = 3 ; cot 𝜃 = =
√7 7 √7 7

5 √11 5 5√11 6 6 6√11 √11

b. sin 𝜃 = 6 ; cos 𝜃 = − 6
; tan 𝜃 =− =− ; csc 𝜃 = 5 ; sec 𝜃 = − =− ; cot 𝜃 =−
√11 11 √11 11 5

1 √35 1 √35 6 6√35

c. sin 𝜃 = 6 ; cos 𝜃 = − 6
; tan 𝜃 =− =− ; csc 𝜃 = 6; sec 𝜃 = − =− ; cot 𝜃 = −√35
√35 35 √35 35

√15 7 √15 8 8√15 8 7 7√15

d. sin 𝜃 = − 8
; cos 𝜃 = 8 ; tan 𝜃 = − 7
; csc 𝜃 =− =− ; sec 𝜃 = 7 ; cot 𝜃 = − =−
√15 15 √15 15