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Lab 1_Curve Tracer

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SHARENIYA A/P PRAKASH STUDENT
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8 views

Lab 1_Curve Tracer

Uploaded by

SHARENIYA A/P PRAKASH STUDENT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NMK33303 Reliability & Failure Analysis

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS


Faculty of Engineering & Technology Electronic
(FKTEN)

NMK 33303
RELIABILITY AND FAILURE ANALYSIS

CURVE TRACER

Name: SHARENIYA A/P PRAKASH


Matric Number: 211372774
NMK33303 Reliability & Failure Analysis
EXPERIMENT: CURVE TRACER

1.0 Objectives

The objectives of this experiment are:

1. To expose the students to the curve tracer.


2. To observe and analyze the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of
several electronic devices such as transistor, resistor, diodes and LED.

2.0 Introduction

Curve tracing is a process of analyzing the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of


an electrical path using equipment known as a curve tracer. A standard curve tracer
has a CRT screen that can show the behavior of the current (I) as the voltage
(V) is varied. The CRT display of a curve tracer consists of a grid that displays the
current level along the y- axis and the voltage level along the x-axis. The
intersection of the main (center) axes is the point where both the current through
and the voltage across the selected electrical path are zero.

Curve tracing is very useful in failure verifications and in the early stages of failure
analysis. It can identify electrical failures that exhibit abnormal voltage- current
relationships at the output pins. A curve tracer is usually used with two probes, one
for each of the nodes that define the electrical path.

When performing curve tracing on an integrated circuit, one of the probes is usually
attached to a reference pin as the other probe is rotated among the other pins, i.e., it
is connected to each of the other pins one at a time. The voltage- current (I-V) curve
of each pin of the device under test (DUT) with respect to the reference pin is then
compared to that exhibited by a known good device (KGD). The analog ground
(AGND), +Vs, and -Vs pins are usually chosen as reference pins since they are
nodes that are, more often than not, common to all the other pins.

Interpreting an I-V curve is not difficult. For example, an electrical path that
projects a horizontal line at I=0 on the CRT display is an open circuit, since the
current level remains at zero even if the voltage is varied from a negative to a
positive value. On the other hand, a vertical line along V=0 indicates a short, since
the voltage stays at zero regardless of the current level. A purely resistive path
would show a straight, diagonal line, with the reciprocal of the slope of the line
equal to the resistance value (R=V/I). Curve tracing is likewise a convenient tool for
locating the breakdown voltages of a p-n junction, or even show the beta curves of a
transistor.

Curve tracing can also be done on an electrical path inside the die circuitry itself,
where the nodes defining the electrical path are not connected to any external pins.
NMK33303 Reliability & Failure Analysis
Micro-probing is then employed to achieve electrical contact with the selected
nodes, with the probe needles also attached to the curve tracer.

a) Open Circuit b) Short Circuit c) Resistor (R)

d) Diode e) Diode in Series w/ R f) Diode in Parallel w/ R

Figure 1: Current-voltage (I-V) curve

3.0 Apparatus

Curve tracer

4.0 Sample

1. Resistor
2. Transistor
3. Diode
4. LED
5.0 Discussion

Curve Tracer

a. What kind of electronic failures can be traced using curve tracer?

b. What is the main function of curve tracer?

c. What is the function of display knob on the curve tracer?

d. How do you justify choosing the value of max peak voltage and power?

e. When do use voltage button in the step generator?

f. What are the devices categorized as voltage control and current control devices?

Resistor

a. Determine the resistance value of the resistor based on the color code.

b. Find out the resistance value using the curve tracer.


c. Compare the value in a. and b.

d. Explain if there is difference between this two values.

e. Explain how you use a curve tracer to check whether the resistor is still functioning or
not.

f. Why the functional line is representing the 1 over gradient not the gradient value?

Diode
a. What is the different between diode and zener diode curve?
Transistor

a. Does your transistor working correctly or not?

b. What is the type of transistor that you are testing?


c. Explain saturation and active region in the transistor.

d. What is the controlling and controlled current in the transistor?

e. What it the meaning of ‘Bipolar’ in the BJT?

f. Why the BJT is called as current regulator?

g. Why the FET is called as voltage control device?

Conclusion

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