MOD 1 IEM

MOD 1 IEM
Evolution of Industrial Engineering:

Industrial engineering evolved to streamline production and improve efficiency, starting with scientific management
principles by Frederick Taylor. It developed over time to incorporate human factors, quality control, and automation,
focusing on optimizing processes, resources, and labor in manufacturing and service industries.
Objectives and Techniques:

The primary objectives of industrial engineering include reducing waste, increasing efficiency, and improving product
quality. Techniques involve time and motion studies, lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, and statistical analysis to
improve productivity and maintain quality.
Concept of Productivity:
Productivity measures the efficiency of production, often as output per unit of input (like labor or materials). It’s key
for growth, profitability, and competitiveness in industries, helping to maximize output while minimizing costs.
Productivity Measurement and Improvement Techniques:

Productivity is measured through metrics like labor productivity, capital productivity, and total factor productivity.
Improvement techniques include automation, employee training, process re-engineering, and lean manufacturing to
streamline workflows and reduce waste.
Production Methods and Objectives:

Production methods vary based on product type and include job production, batch production, and mass production.
The main objectives are to meet customer demand, maintain quality, and optimize costs, aligning resources with
production goals.
Production Planning and Control (PPC):

PPC manages production processes to ensure efficient use of resources. Its objectives include timely production,
maintaining quality, and balancing demand with production capacity. Functions cover scheduling, routing, and
dispatching.
Capacity Planning and Aggregate Planning:
Capacity planning ensures production capability meets demand, while aggregate planning matches supply with
demand over the medium term. Both aim to balance resources and forecast demand to maintain steady production.
Master Production Schedule (MPS):
MPS is a timetable for production activities, aligning with demand forecasts and inventory levels. It sets a clear
schedule for when and how much to produce, guiding resource allocation and minimizing inventory costs.
Introduction to MRP, ERP, and JIT:
- MRP (Material Requirements Planning): Helps schedule material needs, aligning inventory with production.
- ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Integrates all business processes, providing real-time data for better decision-
making.
- JIT (Just-in-Time): Reduces inventory costs by producing items only when needed, minimizing waste and improving
efficiency.
MOD 2
Method study involves analyzing and improving work processes to increase efficiency. It focuses on examining each
step in a task to identify and eliminate unnecessary actions, reduce time, and minimize resource usage, ultimately
enhancing productivity.
Charts and Diagrams:

Charts and diagrams are visual tools, such as flow charts and process maps, that represent work processes, material
flow, and relationships between tasks. They help identify inefficiencies and provide a clear view of areas for
improvement.
Principles of Motion Economy:
The principles of motion economy aim to reduce the effort and time in performing tasks. They include guidelines for
minimizing movement, using efficient postures, and standardizing workstations, which help workers perform tasks
faster and with less fatigue.
Micro-Motion and Memo-Motion Study:
Micro-motion study involves analyzing small, repetitive movements in tasks to improve efficiency, often recorded in
slow motion. Memo-motion study uses recorded observations to identify and reduce unnecessary actions, creating
smoother workflows.
Work Measurement – Stopwatch Time Study:
A stopwatch time study measures the time required to perform tasks, setting a standard time for completion. This
helps determine labor costs, plan production schedules, and identify productivity improvements.
Work Sampling:
Work sampling is a statistical method to estimate the proportion of time spent on various tasks by observing workers
at random intervals. It’s useful for determining productivity, setting performance standards, and identifying areas for
improvement.
Standard Data:
Standard data refers to established times for specific tasks, collected from past studies or industry standards. It’s used
to estimate task duration, set productivity benchmarks, and improve production planning.
PMTS (Predetermined Motion Time System) and MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique):**
PMTS is a technique for assigning time values to basic human motions, helping to set standard times for tasks. MOST
is a specific type of PMTS that simplifies task analysis by categorizing repetitive movements, allowing faster and more
accurate productivity measurement
Definition and Scope of Ergonomics:
Ergonomics focuses on designing workspaces, equipment, and tasks to fit the worker, promoting efficiency, safety,
and comfort. Its scope includes optimizing the work environment to reduce fatigue and prevent injuries, which
increases productivity and job satisfaction.
Ergonomics Disciplines – Anatomy, Physiology, and Psychology:
Ergonomics draws on anatomy (study of body structure), physiology (study of body functions), and psychology (study
of human behavior) to design work tasks that are physically and mentally suitable, enhancing worker comfort and
performance
Building Blocks of Ergonomics – Anthropometry and Biomechanics:
Anthropometry is the measurement of human body dimensions, used to design equipment and spaces suited to
body sizes. Biomechanics studies body movements and forces to create tasks and workspaces that minimize strain,
improving safety and efficiency.

MOD 3
Need for Forecasting:
Forecasting is essential for planning and decision-making, as it predicts future demand, trends, and resource
requirements. Accurate forecasting helps companies manage inventory, allocate resources efficiently, and reduce
uncertainties in production, minimizing risks and costs.
Types of Forecasting:
Forecasting can be classified into short-term (daily to quarterly, focusing on immediate demands), medium-term
(quarterly to annual, for budgeting and production planning), and long-term(years, for strategic planning). Each type
addresses different decision-making needs and time frames.
Qualitative and Quantitative Forecasting Method
- Qualitative Methods rely on expert judgment and market research. These are subjective and used when data is
limited, as in new product launches.
- Quantitative Methods use historical data and statistical techniques for more objective forecasts, suitable when past
trends are available.
Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing:
- Moving Average is a simple quantitative method that averages a fixed number of past data points, smoothing out
fluctuations and showing general trends.
- Exponential Smoothing gives more weight to recent data points, making it more responsive to recent changes and
trends, which is beneficial for volatile demand.
Causal Methods – Simple Regression Analysis:
Simple regression analysis is a causal method where one variable (e.g., sales) is predicted based on its relationship
with another variable (e.g., advertising spend). This statistical approach models how one factor influences another,
helping make data-driven forecasts.
Forecasting Errors:
Forecasting errors are the differences between forecasted and actual values. Common measures include Mean
Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Tracking errors
helps improve future forecasts by identifying and correcting bias or inaccuracies in models.
MOD 5
Duties of a Project Manager and Project Engineer:
A Project Manager oversees the entire project, managing timelines, budgets, and resources. They communicate with
stakeholders, coordinate team efforts, and ensure project objectives are met.
A Project Engineer focuses on technical aspects, ensuring the engineering design, materials, and procedures align
with project requirements. They work closely with the team to solve technical issues and maintain quality standards.
Project Life Cycle and Concepts of Project Planning:

The project life cycle includes stages from initiation (defining goals), planning (detailed roadmaps), execution
(carrying out tasks), and closure (finalizing and evaluating). Project planning involves setting objectives, defining
tasks, allocating resources, and creating schedules to ensure the project’s success.
Project Monitoring and Control:

Project monitoring tracks project progress and performance, comparing actual progress with planned objectives.
Control involves making adjustments as needed to stay on schedule and within budget. It helps in risk management,
quality assurance, and achieving project milestones.
Introduction to Network Analysis – CPM and PERT:

CPM (Critical Path Method):
CPM is a project management tool that identifies the longest path of tasks required to complete a project. This path,
called the "critical path," shows which tasks must be done on time to avoid project delays. It’s useful for projects with
predictable task durations.
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique):
PERT is a planning tool that handles uncertain task times by using three estimates: optimistic, pessimistic, and most
likely. It helps calculate a realistic project timeline by focusing on tasks' estimated durations. PERT is ideal for projects
where task times are variable or less predictable.

MOD 1 IEM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MOD 1 IEM

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MOD 1 IEM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MOD 1 IEM

Evolution of Industrial Engineering:

Objectives and Techniques:

Productivity Measurement and Improvement Techniques:

Production Methods and Objectives:

Production Planning and Control (PPC):

Charts and Diagrams:

improving safety and efficiency.

Qualitative and Quantitative Forecasting Method

Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing:

Causal Methods – Simple Regression Analysis:

Project Life Cycle and Concepts of Project Planning:

Project Monitoring and Control:

Introduction to Network Analysis – CPM and PERT:

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique):

You might also like