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python viva

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anushaghosh2003
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5 views

python viva

Uploaded by

anushaghosh2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Python:

 What is Python, and why is it popular?


Python is a high-level, interpreted language known for its readability and wide usage in
various fields.
 How is Python an interpreted language?
Python code is executed line-by-line by an interpreter, not precompiled.
 Can you explain the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?
Python 3 introduced improvements like print() function, better Unicode handling, and
integer division.
 What are Python's data types?
Common types include int, float, string, list, tuple, dict, set, and bool.
 Explain the significance of indentation in Python.
Indentation defines code blocks in Python, unlike braces {} in other languages.
 How do you write comments in Python?
Single-line with #, multi-line with '''...''' or """...""".
 What are some common IDEs or code editors for Python programming?
PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter Notebook, IDLE.
 What is PEP 8, and why is it important?
PEP 8 is Python's style guide, helping to keep code clean and readable.
 How do you install external libraries in Python?
Use pip install <library-name>.
 What is the difference between == and = in Python?
= assigns a value, == checks equality.
 Explain mutable and immutable types in Python.
Mutable types (e.g., lists) can change; immutable types (e.g., tuples) cannot.
 What are modules and packages in Python?
Modules are files with Python code, and packages are directories containing multiple
modules.
 How do you handle errors in Python?
Use try-except blocks.
 What is the purpose of None in Python?
None represents the absence of a value.
 What is the difference between list and tuple?
Lists are mutable, tuples are immutable.
 Explain the use of functions in Python.
Functions encapsulate code for reuse and organization.
 How do you convert data types in Python?
Use functions like int(), float(), str(), list(), etc.

2. Conditional Statements:

 What are conditional statements in Python?


They allow code to execute based on conditions, using if, elif, and else.
 Explain the syntax of the if statement in Python.
python
Copy code
if condition:
# code

 What is the difference between if, elif, and else statements?


if checks a condition, elif checks another if the first is false, else runs if all are false.
 Can you use multiple conditions in an if statement? How?
Yes, using and, or, or not.
 What is a nested if statement?
An if inside another if.
 How do you implement a switch-case-like structure in Python?
Use if-elif statements or dictionaries.
 How does Python handle Boolean values?
Booleans are True and False.
  What is the difference between and and or in Python?
and requires both conditions to be true; or requires at least one.
  How does the not operator work in Python?
not inverts a Boolean value, making True False and vice versa.
  Can you use an if statement without an else? Why or why not?
Yes, else is optional if there’s no alternate action needed.
  How do you check if a value is within a range?
Use comparison operators, e.g., if 1 <= x <= 10.
  What is the purpose of chaining conditions with and/or?
To check multiple conditions in a single statement.
  How does Python evaluate expressions with multiple conditions?
Left to right, with and and or having different priorities.
  Can you use an else statement with just an if without elif?
Yes, elif is optional; you can use just if-else.
  How would you write an if statement that checks multiple conditions?
Use if condition1 and condition2: or if condition1 or condition2:.

3. Loops:

 What is a loop in programming?


A loop repeats code multiple times.
 What are the main types of loops in Python?
for and while.
 Explain the syntax of a for loop with an example.

python
Copy code
for variable in iterable:
# code
 What is the difference between for and while loops?
for is for fixed iterations, while runs until a condition is false.
 Can you use an else block with loops?
Yes, it runs if the loop doesn’t hit break.
 How do you exit a loop prematurely in Python?
Use break.
 What is the role of the continue statement?
Skips to the next iteration.
 How does a nested loop work?
A loop inside another loop, running multiple layers.
 How do you loop through a list in Python?
Use for item in list:.
 What is an infinite loop? How do you create one?
A loop that never ends, e.g., while True:.
 What is the range function, and how is it used in loops?
range() generates a sequence of numbers, often used in for loops.
 How can you loop through a dictionary in Python?
Use for key, value in dict.items():.
 What is the purpose of enumerate() in loops?
Provides both index and value when looping through an iterable.
 What is a do-while loop, and does Python have it?
Python lacks do-while, but similar behavior can be achieved with while.
 How do you reverse a loop in Python?
Use reversed(), e.g., for i in reversed(range(n)).
 Can you nest a for loop inside a while loop, and vice versa?
Yes, Python allows nested loops.
 What is the difference between break and return in a loop?
break exits the loop; return exits the function.
 How can you skip an iteration in a loop?
Use continue to skip to the next iteration.

4. Patterns:

 How do you create patterns in Python?


Use nested loops, with outer for rows and inner for columns.
 Write a simple program to print a triangle pattern with *.

python
Copy code
for i in range(1, 6):
print("*" * i)

 What are some common patterns created with loops?


Triangles, squares, pyramids, and number patterns.
 How do you use nested loops to create complex patterns?
Outer loop for rows, inner loop for columns, customizing based on pattern needs.
 How would you print a pattern that requires a change of character?
Adjust loops to print based on row/column count.
 Can you explain a reverse triangle pattern and provide code?

python
Copy code
for i in range(5, 0, -1):
print("*" * i)

 Write a program to print the pattern:

yaml
Copy code
1
12
123
1234
python
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for i in range(1, 5):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print(j, end="")
print()

 How would you print a square pattern with * in Python?

python
Copy code
for i in range(n):
print("*" * n)

 Write a program to print the following pattern:

Copy code
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
python
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num = 1
for i in range(1, 5):
for j in range(i):
print(num, end=" ")
num += 1
print()

 How would you print a pyramid pattern in Python?

python
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for i in range(1, n+1):
print(" " * (n-i) + "*" * (2*i-1))
 Write a program to print an inverted pyramid pattern.

python
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for i in range(n, 0, -1):
print(" " * (n-i) + "*" * (2*i-1))

 How would you create a diamond shape using nested loops?


Combine a pyramid and inverted pyramid pattern.
 What is the logic for printing a checkerboard pattern?
Alternate * and (spaces) in rows and columns.
 How do you print patterns with alphabets (e.g., A, B, C, ...)?
Use chr(65 + j) for letters, where 65 is ASCII for 'A'.
 Write a pattern that alternates characters, like a zigzag.
Use conditional checks within the inner loop to alternate characters.
 Explain how to print a hollow square pattern.
Print * for borders (first and last rows/columns) and spaces for inner cells.
 How do you print numbers in descending order in a pattern?
Use a decrementing sequence in the loop.

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