A

MAJOR PROJECT-II
On

IOT BASED SMART DUSTBIN

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Anoushka Sen 0206EE201009

Harsh Gajbhiye 0206EE201016
Khushboo Vishwakarma 0206EE201021
Md. Monis Khan 0206EE201024
Sagar Pandit 0206EE201036
Samriddhi Shrivastava 0206EE201037

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Vivek Kushwaha

Department of Electrical Engineering

Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences
Jabalpur (MP)

Approved by
AICTE &
RAJIV GANDHI PRODYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.)

i|Page
 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Major Project-II
entitled “IOT BASED SMART DUSTBIN” partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering submitted
in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and
Sciences, Jabalpur is an authentic record of our own work carried under the guidance
of Prof. Vivek Kushwaha
We have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for award of any other
degree. We also declare that “A check for Plagiarism has been carried out on the
thesis/project report/dissertation and is found within the acceptable limit and report of
which is enclosed herewith.

Anoushka Sen 0206EE201009

Harsh Gajbhiye 0206EE201016
Khushboo Vishwakarma 0206EE201021
Md. Monis Khan 0206EE201024
Sagar Pandit 0206EE201036
Samriddhi Shrivastava 0206EE201037

Supervisor Signature Director/Principal Sign. With Seal

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 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major Project-II entitled “IOT BASED SMART
DUSTBIN” submitted by Anoushka Sen, Harsh Gajbhiye, Md. Monis Khan,
Khushboo Vishwakarma, Sagar Pandit and Samriddhi Shrivastava. The
project report is approved for submission towards partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING from RAJIV GANDHI PRODYOGIKI
VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.).

Dr. Rajeev Kumar Chauhan Dr. Ravindra V. Kshirsagar

Prof. & Head Principal
Department of Electrical Engineering GGITS, Jabalpur
GGITS, Jabalpur
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 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Major Project-II report entitled “IOT BASED SMART
DUSTBIN” submitted by Anoushka Sen, Harsh Gajbhiye, Md. Monis Khan,
Khushboo Vishwakarma, Sagar Pandit and Samriddhi Shrivastava. have
been carried out under my guidance and supervision. The Major Project-II is
approved for submission towards partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
from RAJIV GANDHI PRODYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL
(M.P).

Prof. Vivek Kushwaha

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
GGITS, Jabalpur
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 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Major Project-II report entitled “IOT BASED
SMART DUSTBIN” which is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the award
of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering from RAJIV
GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.) is an
authentic record of my own work done under the guidance of PROF. VIVEK
KUSHWAHA, Department of Electrical Engineering, GYAN GANGA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES, JABALPUR.

The matter has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree of any
Institute

Anoushka Sen 0206EE201009

Harsh Gajbhiye 0206EE201016
Khushboo Vishwakarma 0206EE201021
Md. Monis Khan 0206EE201024
Sagar Pandit 0206EE201036
Samriddhi Shrivastava 0206EE201037

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 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major Project-II report entitled “IOT BASED SMART
DUSTBIN” is submitted by Anoushka Sen, Harsh Gajbhiye, Md. Monis
Khan, Khushboo Vishwakarma, Sagar Pandit and Samriddhi Shrivastava
for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING from
RAJIV GANDHI PRODYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P).

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Date: Date:

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 GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We sincerely express indebtedness to esteemed and revered guide

Prof. Vivek Kushwaha, Electrical Engineering Department, GGITS, Jabalpur
&
Dr. Rajeev Kumar Chauhan, Head, Electrical Engineering Department,
GGITS, Jabalpur for their invaluable guidance, supervision, and
encouragement throughout the work. Without their kind patronage and
guidance, the synopsis would not have taken shape.
We are extremely grateful to Management of Gyan Ganga Institute of
Technology & Sciences and Principal, Dr. Ravindra V. Kshirsagar of Gyan
Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur for their advice and support
for completion of the thesis work.
We owe our sincere thanks and deep consent to our family members for their
great blessing, sympathetic attitude, and moral support towards we work.
Finally, we thank Almighty God without whom this work would not have been
completed.

Anoushka Sen 0206EE201009

Harsh Gajbhiye 0206EE201016
Khushboo Vishwakarma 0206EE201021
Md. Monis Khan 0206EE201024
Sagar Pandit 0206EE201036
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 Samriddhi Shrivastava 0206EE201037

ABSTRACT

An exponential increase in human population possesses a huge challenge to

garbage management system and hence in sustaining a clean environment. Many
Cities around the world are endangered due to poor garbage management. Our project
aims to find a solution by using a Smart Dustbin. As people are getting smarter so are
the things. While the thought comes up for Smart cities there is a requirement for
Smart waste management. The idea of Smart Dustbin is for the Smart buildings,
Colleges, Hospitals and Bus stands. The Smart Dustbin thus thought is an improvement
of normal dustbin by elevating it to be smart using sensors and logics. Smart dustbins
is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using ultrasonic
sensors for garbage level detection on a free cloud platform like Blynk App. Another
aspect of IOT Based smart Dustbin is for hygiene as the lid of the dustbin have millions
of Bacteria and viruses that can cause serious and direct impact on user’s health so the
designed module of IOT Based smart dustbin consist of another ultrasonic sensor which
detects if the user is in front of dustbin the lid of dustbin open itself by the help of servo
motor. In the present world, appropriate disposal of waste is a must. It is getting difficult
day by day to lead a healthy and sustainable life. Everyone is engrossed so much into
their work that they do not realize that if the dustbins are not emptied on time,
unhygienic and unpleasant smell causes several dangerous infections and human
illnesses spread. This creates the spread of garbage which in turn creates unhealthy
conditions. In order to reduce the waste and maintain good hygiene, we need a
systematic approach to tackle the problem. To avoid the spill over of the garbage and to
improve the cleanliness, Smart Dustbin is designed. Smart Dustbin is a normal bin to
dispose the waste where integration of some hardware components is done for more
efficient use. This project IoT based Smart Dustbin is a very innovative system which
will help to monitor the trash collected in the dustbin.This system monitors and
informs about the level of garbage collected in the garbage bins. Ultrasonic sensors are
used to detect the level of garbage collected in the bins.

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 CONTENTS

Chapter 1: - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Motivation for the present research work 2
1.3 Objective of the project 3
1.4 Layout of report 3

Chapter 2: - LITERATURE REVIEW

Sr. no. Title Page No.

1. Certificate i-vi
2. Acknowledgement vii

3. Abstract viii
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Motivation 6
2.3 Previous conventional methods 7
2.4 Proposed system 8
2.5 Component Desing 8

Chapter 3: -DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 Block diagram 14
3.3 Algorithm and circuit diagram 14
3.4 Circuit Diagram 16
3.5 Blynk App 16

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 Chapter 4 – DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION
4.1 Introduction 19
4.2 ESP-32 19
4.3 Ultrasonic Sensor 19
4.4 Servo Motor 20
4.5 Circuit Explanation 21
4.6 Code 23
4.7 During The Project 26

Chapter 5: - RESULT AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Result 28

Reference

x|Page
 Chapter-1

Introduction

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Waste management and segregation are a critical issue specially in urban areas. Conventional
methods are often proving to be inadequate to handle the growing volume of waste generated
by urban populations. In response to this pressing need, the concept of an IoT-based smart
dustbin has gained traction as a promising solution. This innovative approach leverages the
power of interconnected devices and real-time data analytics to optimize waste collection
processes, enhance operational efficiency, and promote sustainability. By integrating sensors
and communication technologies into traditional waste receptacles, smart dustbins offer a
scalable and cost-effective means of managing municipal waste while minimizing
environmental impact. the proposed solution will enable real-time monitoring of waste levels,
efficient route optimization for waste collection vehicles, and proactive maintenance of waste
infrastructure. Moreover, by providing insights into waste generation patterns and behaviour,
the system will empower city authorities to make informed decisions and implement targeted
interventions to improve overall waste management practices. The harmful gases produced
by waste segregation which are a major contributor of greenhouse gas can be minimized. In
this report, we will dive into the core components and functionalities of the IoT-based smart
dustbin system, discuss the underlying technologies and methodologies employed, and
present the results of field trials and performance evaluations.

1.2 MOTIVATION FOR THE PRESENT RESEARCH WORK

The motivation behind undertaking this project stems from the critical need to address the
escalating challenges associated with urban waste management. As cities continue to grow in
size and population density, traditional waste management systems are struggling to keep
pace, leading to inefficiencies, environmental degradation, and public health concerns.
Recognizing the potential of IoT technology to offer innovative solutions, the decision to
develop an IoT-based smart dustbin system was driven by a desire to mitigate these
challenges and pave the way for a more sustainable urban future. By leveraging the
capabilities of interconnected devices and real-time data analytics, the proposed system aims
to revolutionize waste collection processes, optimize resource utilization, and enhance overall
operational efficiency. Through this project, we aim to contribute to the advancement of
smart city initiatives and make a tangible impact on improving the quality of life for urban
residents.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The principal objective of this project is to conceptualize, fabricate, and implement an IoT-
based smart dustbin system tailored for urban waste management. Our specific objectives
encompass the integration of two types of sensors – ultrasonic sensors for measuring fill
levels and weight sensors for gauging the mass of deposited waste. The collected data will be
transmitted wirelessly to a microcontroller using Wi-Fi connectivity, facilitating real-time
monitoring and analysis. This data will then be visualized and stored on the Blynk platform,
enabling stakeholders to access comprehensive insights into waste accumulation trends.
Moreover, the system will be configured to generate automated notifications to waste
management personnel when bins reach capacity thresholds, facilitating timely waste
collection and disposal. By achieving these objectives, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility
and effectiveness of IoT technologies in optimizing waste management processes, thereby
contributing to the realization of smarter and more sustainable cities.

The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in keeping our
environment clean and also eco friendly. We are inspired from Swaach Bharat Mission.
Nowadays technologies are getting smarter day-by-day so, as to clean the environment we are
designing a smart dustbin by using Arduino. This smart dustbin management system is built
on the microcontroller based system having ultrasonic sensors on the dustbin. If dustbin is not
maintained than these can cause an unhealthy environment and can cause pollute that affect
our health.

1.4 LAYOUT OF REPORT

CHAPTER 1: - Chapter 1 involves the introduction of the project, problem identification, the
cause that drive us to work on this project and practical objective of the project.

CHAPTER 2: - Chapter 2 have the information needed for the basic step of designing of the
Module like needs of IOT BASED SMART DUSTBIN, previous conventional method,
proposed system, and its benefits.

CHAPTER 3: - Chapter 3 Design and methodology have proper working information of

module, Block diagram, Algorithm and Flowchart.

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CHAPTER 4: - Chapter 4 Design and Implementation gives the information of every
individual component like Sensor, Control unit, it includes Circuit connection and Code as
well.

CHAPTER 5: - Chapter 5 Result and Conclusion gives the data we obtained and the final
module after the completion of the Project.

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 Chapter-2

Literature Review

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2.1 INTRODUCTION

As the population is increasing day by day, the environment should be clean and hygienic. In
most of the cities the overflowed garbage bins are creating an unhygienic environment. This
will further lead to a rise of different types of diseases. This will degrade the standard of
living. [1]. The present work focuses to develop a model of smart dustbin which can be
effectively used at public places in smart cities such as Hospitals, School, Colleges, and
government offices. [2]. Due to unclosed lids of Dustbin the at hospitals there are problems as
sometimes the visitor of patients even gets infected due to this there is highly need of dustbins
that are well maintained and to be in untouched by anyone be a patient or healthy person. [3].
With rapid urbanization and population growth, effective waste management has become a
critical challenge for cities around the world [4]. Traditional waste collection systems are
often inefficient, leading to overfilled bins, unhygienic conditions, and increased labor costs
[5]. To address these issues, integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology into waste
management can significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the system [6]. The
IoT-based smart dustbin is an innovative solution designed to optimize waste management
through automation and real-time monitoring [7]. The smart dustbin system leverages various
components, including an ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor, and an ESP32 microcontroller, to
create a more efficient and hygienic waste disposal process [8]. The IoT-based smart dustbin
system represents a significant advancement in waste management technology [9]. By
integrating ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, and ESP32 microcontrollers, the system offers a
smart, efficient, and hygienic solution for urban waste disposal challenges [10]. As cities
continue to grow, such innovative solutions will be essential for maintaining cleanliness and
sustainability [11].

2.2 Motivation

To design IOT Based Smart Dustbin, there should be some use cases to follow the fabrication
of the device, as in the future the device can be commercialised.
There are few targeted areas like School, Colleges, Hospitals, Government Offices and
basically all those places where the public interaction comes to the table.

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School, Colleges: - School and colleges is the place to where the future of country is moulded
as such that they can be big success not only for them but also for the nation as there
dustbins are not well maintained so it cause unhygienic surrounding for them so the
negativity around them starts growing and even there are a lot of health issues to be found of
food poising in School or College kids and 50% of these problems is due to unhygienic
environment.

Hospitals: - Hospital waste includes infectious waste, pathological, pharmaceutical, sharps,

chemicals, Geno-toxic and radioactive waste. Hospital waste carries a high potential of
infection and injury. This may lead to serious health effects if the waste is not handled
properly and on time.

Government Offices: - Poor waste management in government offices can cause discomfort
for the public, leading to a negative perception of the organization and a loss of trust in the
system, which can result in significant financial losses for government entities.

2.3 PREVIOUS CONVENTIONAL METHOD

The traditional method involves monitoring the trash level in the dustbin manually &
emptying it is a burden some process and utilizes more human efforts time and cost. Also, the
workers involved in the process of collecting garbage from these dustbins are prone to serious
diseases caused by bacteria & viruses. The overflowed garbage bins are creating obnoxious
smell, thereby making the environment unhygienic. This conventional method may lead to air
pollution as well.

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 Fig 4.2(Conventional dustbins)

2.4 Proposed System

An IoT-based smart dustbin system is proposed to optimize waste management. The bin uses
ultrasonic sensors to measure fill level and triggers alerts to waste collection services when
reaching capacity. This reduces unnecessary collection trips and improves hygiene. The
system can be also had with real-time monitoring system by using “Blynk Platform” where is
showing the level of waste in the dustbin and object distance detecting system through which
when person is in close proximity to the dustbin the lid of dustbin is automatically opened
without any direct contact with the dustbin which maintains the hygiene.

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 Fig 2.4.1(Proposed System)

2.5 COMPONENT DESING

Ultrasonic Sensor: - Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular
intervals. These propagate in the air at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they
reflected back as an echo signal to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target
based on the time-span between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.
Ultrasonic Sensor is excellent at suppressing background interference. Virtually all materials
which reflect sound can be detected, regardless of their colour. Even transparent materials or
thin foils represent no problem for an ultrasonic sensor.

micro sonic ultrasonic sensors are suitable for target distances from 20 mm to 10 m and as they
measure the time of flight they can ascertain a measurement with pinpoint accuracy. Some of
our sensors can even resolve the signal to an accuracy of 0.025 mm. Ultrasonic sensors can see
through dust-laden air and ink mists. Even thin deposits on the sensor membrane do not impair
its function.

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 Fig 2.5.1 Working Principle of Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency which is too high for humans
to hear.

Fig 2.5.2 Ultrasonic Sensor

An above image shows the Ultrasonic Sensor which has a transmitter, receiver. The pin
configuration is,

 VCC - +5 V supply
 TRIG – Trigger input of the sensor. Microcontroller applies 10 us trigger pulse to the HC-SR04
ultrasonic module.

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 ECHO–Echo output of the sensor. Microcontroller reads/monitors this pin to detect the obstacle
or to find the distance.
 GND – Ground

Sound is a mechanical wave travelling through the mediums, which may be a solid, or liquid or
gas. Sound waves can travel through the mediums with specific velocity depends on the
medium of propagation. The sound waves which are having high frequency reflect from
boundaries and produce distinctive echo patterns.

Microprocessor: - A Microprocessor is an important part of a computer architecture without

which you will not be able to perform anything on your computer. It is a programmable
device that takes in input performs some arithmetic and logical operations over it and
produces the desired output. In simple words, a Microprocessor is a digital device on a chip
that can fetch instructions from memory, decode and execute them, and give results.
We Have selected the ESP 32 Microprocessor as this the most compatible Microprocessor to
work with.
ESP32 is capable of functioning reliably in industrial environments, with an operating
temperature ranging from –40°C to +125°C. Powered by advanced calibration circuitries,
ESP32 can dynamically remove external circuit imperfections and adapt to changes in
external conditions.
Engineered for mobile devices, wearable electronics and IoT applications, ESP32 achieves
ultra-low power consumption with a combination of several types of proprietary software.
ESP32 also includes state-of-the-art features, such as fine-grained clock gating, various
power modes and dynamic power scaling.
ESP32 is highly-integrated with in-built antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-
noise receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. ESP32 adds priceless
functionality and versatility to your applications with minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
requirements.
ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system or as a slave device to a host MCU,
reducing communication stack overhead on the main application processor. ESP32 can
interface with other systems to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its SPI /
SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces.

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 Fig 2.5.3 ESP 32 PIN OUT

Servo Motor: - A servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision.
Normally this type of motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the current
position of the motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo motors to rotate with great
precision. If you want to rotate an object at some specific angles or distance, then you use a
servo motor. It is just made up of a simple motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If
motor is powered by a DC power supply, then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC-
powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. For this tutorial, we will be discussing only
about the DC servo motor working. Apart from these major classifications, there are many
other types of servo motors based on the type of gear arrangement and operating
characteristics. A servo motor usually comes with a gear arrangement that allows us to get a
very high torque servo motor in small and lightweight packages. Due to these features, they
are being used in many applications like toy car, RC helicopters and planes, Robotics, etc.
It consists of three parts:

1. Controlled device

2. Output sensor

3. Feedback system

It is a closed-loop system where it uses a positive feedback system to control motion and the
final position of the shaft. Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal generated by
comparing output signal and reference input signal.

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Here reference input signal is compared to the reference output signal and the third signal is
produced by the feedback system. And this third signal acts as an input signal to the control
the device. This signal is present as long as the feedback signal is generated or there is a
difference between the reference input signal and reference output signal. So the main task of
servomechanism is to maintain the output of a system at the desired value at presence of
noises.

Fig 2.5.4 Servo motor

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 Chapter 3
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

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In this chapter Design and Methodology, we are going to start with Block diagram Followed
by the discussing the Algorithm of the developed Module later gives the Flowchart of the
Module.

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1(Block Diagram)

3.3 ALGORITHM

3.3.1 WORKING

Step 1: - Power is given to ESP-32 with 5-volt Adapter

Step 2: - Both the ultrasonic sensors connect to IOT Blynk app via ESP-32 as Esp-32 Module
makes a connection with WIFI.

Step 3: - Ultrasonic sensor 1 sends the Sound wave as triggering as wave clashes with objects
and reflects ultrasonic sensor gives the distance. If distance<30 cm, ESP-32 sends a signal to
servomotor which unhinges the lid. If distance >30cm, no signal will be sent.

Step 4: - Ultrasonic sensor 2 sends the Sound wave as triggering as wave clashes with objects
and reflects ultrasonic sensor gives the distance, form this we are making sure that at what
level the dustbin has been filled will indicate the bin’s filling level.

Step 5: - ESP-32 fetches the data from sensor 1 & sensor 2 & reflects it on the Blynk App.

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Step 6: - Users will be send alerts for emptying the bin through Blynk App.

3.4 Circuit Diagram

Fig 3.4.1 Circuit Diagram

In this Designed Circuit diagram there exist two ultrasonic sensor, ultrasonic sensors work
by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The
transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic
sound. Our ultrasonic sensor, as the sends the ultrasonic sound by trigging action done
by microprocessor board.
While the setup we designed pin 16 and 17 as the input and generate a pulse of ultrasonic
sound as the pulse reflects to the receiver of ultra sonic sensor as the time taken by the pulse
to go and travel back is now recorded, we use the formula to calculate distance of the object.

Distance = Time * speed

And as the wave have travelled the double distance from the object as it goes strike and travel
back the distance of object is calculated double so the distance is divided by 2.

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The Calculated Distance is now compared by conditional statement as in our module the first
ultrasonic sensor is for the distance of the user in front of it so conditional statement will be if
the distance is less than certain value of distance then output means the pin for Servomotor
i.e., pin 18 Sets high by microprocessor and the lid of dustbins open.
Similarly for the second Ultrasonic sensor is designed to measure the trash level of the
dustbin as the desire value for the distance is set for the dustbin as soon as trash comes to
max level the sensor gives that distance of the trash is very close the distance is not showed in
the Blyn IOT app as the value of sensor 2 gets close to zero.

3.4 BLYNK APP

Blynk is a platform designed for rapid prototyping and development of Internet of Things
(IoT) applications. It provides a user-friendly interface through a mobile app (iOS and
Android) that allows you to:

Remotely Monitor and Control Devices: Blynk offers a visual programming interface where
you can drag and drop various widgets (buttons, sliders, graphs) to create a customized
dashboard on your smartphone or tablet. This dashboard can then be used to monitor sensor
data (like fill level in your smart dustbin) from your connected devices and send control
signals (like opening the lid) to them.

Configure User Interface: Blynk simplifies the process of building the user interface for your
IoT project. The drag-and-drop interface with pre-built widgets eliminates the need for
complex coding for the app itself.

Automation: Blynk allows you to set up automations within your IoT projects. You can define
rules based on sensor data, triggering specific actions on your connected devices. For
example, your smart dustbin could automatically send an alert to your phone when it reaches
a critical fill level.

Blynk Components Blynk App (Mobile App): This is where you design the user interface for
your project and interact with your connected devices.

Blynk Server: This acts as the bridge between your smartphone and your hardware. It can be a
cloud-based server provided by Blynk or a server you set up yourself. The ESP32 in your
smart dustbin would connect to this server to send and receive data.

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Blynk Libraries: These are software libraries that you install on your microcontroller board
(ESP32 in this case) to enable communication with the Blynk server. The library handles
tasks like sending sensor data and receiving control signals from the Blynk app.

Blynk with Smart Dustbin: By integrating Blynk into your smart dustbin project, you can
Visualize the fill level data from the ultrasonic sensor on your smartphone through a graph or
gauge widget in the Blynk app. Set up an automation to send a notification to your phone
when the bin is almost full. Potentially include a button on the Blynk app interface to
manually control the servo motor, opening or closing the lid as needed (although this might be
less relevant in an automated system).

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 Chapter 4
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION
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In this Chapter Design and Implementation, the implementation of the device is study with
the details of every component that have been used during the time of designing of the
module such as detail of Microprocessor board cause the microprocessor used is the back
bone of the prototype and we have taken the microprocessor which can be used in very harsh
environment.
The rest of the chapter is followed by components as Ultra sonic sensor and servo motor the
there is short and minimal coding.

4.2 ESP-32
ESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth combo chip designed with the TSMC low-
power 40 nm technology. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance,
showing robustness, versatility, and reliability in a wide variety of applications and power
scenarios.
It allows you to use WIFI in access point as well as station mode. It brings in WIFI 6
features such as Transmission efficiency and Low Power consumption which provide
concrete benefits for IOT devices.

Fig 4.1(ESP-32)
4.3 Ultra Sonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic
sound waves.
An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back
information about an object’s proximity.
Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of
human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the
ultrasonic sound. Our Ultrasonic Sensor, like many others, use a single transducer to send a

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pulse and to receive the echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring
time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.

Fig 4.2(Ultrasonic Sensor)

4.4 Servo Motor

A Servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position. It
consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a servo drive to
complete the system. The drive uses the feedback sensor to precisely control the rotary
position of the motor.
Most of the hobby Servo motors operates from 4.8V to 6.5V, the higher the voltage higher
the torque we can achieve, but most commonly they are operated at +5V. Almost all hobby
servo motors can rotate only from 0° to 180° due to their gear arrangement so make sure you
project can live with the half circle if no, you can prefer for a 0° to 360° motor or modify the
motor to make a full circle. The gears in the motors are easily subjected to wear and tear, so if
your application requires stronger and long running motors you can go with metal gears or
just stick with normal plastic gear.

Fig 4.3(Servo Motor)

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4.5 CIRCUIT EXPLANATION

ESP32 Microcontroller: Connect the ESP32 to a power supply (battery or adapter).

Ultrasonic Sensor: Connect the ultrasonic sensor's power (VCC and GND) pins to the
ESP32's corresponding power pins. Connect the trigger pin of the sensor to a digital output
pin of the ESP32 and the echo pin to a digital input pin.
Servo Motor: Connect the servo motor's power (usually +5V and GND) pins to the ESP32's
power supply. Connect the control pin of the servo to a digital output pin of the ESP32.

Software Programming (ESP32 Code):

Library Setup: Include necessary libraries for the
ultrasonic sensor and servo motor in your ESP32 code.
Sensor Initialization: Define the pins connected to the ultrasonic sensor (trigger and echo
pins). Servo Motor Control: Define the pin connected to the servo motor control line.
Main Loop: Create a loop that continuously executes the following:

Distance Measurement: Use the ultrasonic sensor library functions to trigger a sound pulse,
measure the echo delay, and calculate the distance to the nearest object in front of the sensor
(trash level).
Fill Level Check: Compare the measured distance with a pre-defined threshold value
(indicating almost full bin).

Lid Control:
If the distance is less than the threshold (bin is almost full):

Send a control signal to the servo motor through the designated pin.

This signal instructs the servo motor to rotate to a specific angle, opening the lid. Otherwise,
keep the lid closed (servo motor remains in its default position).
Optional: Data Transmission (IoT): You can include functionalities to transmit the fill level
data obtained from the sensor readings to a cloud platform or mobile app via the ESP32's
Wi- Fi capabilities. This allows for remote monitoring and waste collection optimization.

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Overall Function:
The ESP32 program continuously measures the distance to the trash inside the bin using the
ultrasonic sensor.

When the distance falls below the threshold (indicating the bin is almost full), the ESP32
activates the servo motor, opening the lid for trash disposal.
Optionally, the ESP32 can transmit the fill level data to a cloud platform or mobile app for
further analysis and waste collection management.

Additional Considerations:
Power Management: Since the dustbin might be battery-powered, optimize the code for low
power consumption. Utilize libraries with power-saving features and put the ESP32 in sleep
mode during idle periods.
Calibration: Calibrate the ultrasonic sensor to ensure accurate distance measurements for
reliable fill level detection.
Security

Fig 4.5.1(Dustbin)

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The Basic Circuit Diagram: -

Fig 4.4(Circuit Diagram)

4.6 Code: -
#include <Servo.h>

Servo servoMain; // Define our Servo

int trigpin_1 = 10;

int trigpin_2 = 16;

int echopin_1 = 11;

int echopin_2 = 12;

int distance1,distance2;

float duration1,duration2;

float cm;

void setup()

servoMain.attach(9); // servo on digital pin 10

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pinMode(trigpin_1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(trigpin_2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echopin_1, INPUT);

pinMode(echopin_2, INPUT);

void loop()

digitalWrite(trigpin_1, LOW);

delay(2);

digitalWrite(trigpin_1, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echopin_1, HIGH);

cm = (duration/58.82);

distance = cm;

if(distance<30)

servoMain.write(180); // Turn Servo back to center position (90 degrees)

delay(3000);

else{

servoMain.write(0);

delay(50);

digitalWrite(trigpin_2, LOW);

delay(2);

digitalWrite(trigpin_2, HIGH);

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delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigpin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echopin_2, HIGH);

cm = (duration/58.82);

distance = cm;

BlynkRead_API_Key == Distance;

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4.6 During the Project: -

4.6.1 Making Of Project

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 Chapter 5
RESULT AND CONCLUSION

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5.1 RESULT
Through this project, we acquired knowledge about IoT and how physical objects equipped
with sensors, processors, and other technologies connect and exchange data with other
devices and systems over the internet. Many individuals are occupied with their jobs and
have little spare time, resulting in frequent neglect of garbage disposal. Improper garbage
disposal can lead to various diseases.

The primary goal of the Smart Dustbin for Household System using IoT is to reduce resource
usage and efforts required for manual monitoring of the dustbin. Improper disposal and
storage of household waste pose health risks and can lead to various diseases. This system
utilizes an ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement and a buzzer to alert users when the
dustbin is full. Information stored and relayed to the Blink app via a Wi-Fi
connection.

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Fig 5.1.1(Proposed System)

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Fig 5.2(Blynk App Readings)

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Blynk is a platform designed for rapid prototyping and development of Internet of Things
(IoT) applications. It provides a user-friendly interface through a mobile app (iOS and
Android) that allows you to:
Blynk Components Blynk App (Mobile App): This is where you design the user interface
for your project and interact with your connected devices.

Blynk Server: This acts as the bridge between your smartphone and your hardware. It can be a
cloud-based server provided by Blynk or a server you set up yourself. The ESP32 in your
smart dustbin would connect to this server to send and receive data.

Blynk Libraries: These are software libraries that you install on your microcontroller board
(ESP32 in this case) to enable communication with the Blynk server. The library handles
tasks like sending sensor data and receiving control signals from the Blynk app.

Blynk with Smart Dustbin: By integrating Blynk into your smart dustbin project, you can
Visualize the fill level data from the ultrasonic sensor on your smartphone through a graph or
gauge widget in the Blynk app. Set up an automation to send a notification to your phone
when the bin is almost full. Potentially include a button on the Blynk app interface to
manually control the servo motor, opening or closing the lid as needed (although this might be
less relevant in an automated system).

Blynk App Output: -

Sensor 1 shows the distance for the user Distance as the distance sensor goes less than 30 on
the monitor the Microprocessor open the lid of dustbin whereas in sensor 2 Blynk app translate
trash level from 0 to 100 as the sensor 2 shows value close to 100 that means the trash is full.

5.2 Future Scope

To enhance it further, an automated system can be developed which will be able to monitor the
garbage level more precisely, pick up waste, segregate them and put them in respective bins.
There can be many enhancements done for this which can be a revolutionary change in
maintaining the cleanliness level and a healthy environment.

The few enhancements can be done are: The implementation of more collective bins placed
side by side where it automatically detects the type and waste and places in the correct bin
colour which is assigned for that type. The further work on this project can be done by adding
more dynamicity into it.

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 Reference

[1] Dr. Ihtiram Raza Khan, Mehtab Alam and Anuj Razdan “Smart Garbage Monitoring System
Using IOT SSRN Electronic February 2021.
[2] Minhaz Uddin Sohag and Amit Kumer Podder “Smart Garbage Management System for a
Sustainable Urban Life: An IoT Based Application”, Science Direct June 2020.
[3] Murugaanandam. S, Ganapathy. V and Balaji. R, Efficient IOT Based Smart Bin for Clean
Environment, International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 3-5,
2018, India.
[4] Mrs. Pallavi Nehete, Dhanshri Jangam, Nandini Borne, Prajakta Bhoite and Shalaka Jadhav
“Garbage Management using Internet of Things”, International conference on Electronics,
Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) March 2018.
[5] Anitha A “Garbage Monitoring System using (IOT)”, IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering 2017.
[6] Wireless dust bin monitoring and alert system using Arduino,P. Siva Nagendra Reddy ; R. Naresh Naik ;
A. Amareshwar Kumar ; S. Nanda Kishor 2017 Second International Conference on Electrical,
Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT).ISBN: 978-1-5090-3239-6
[7] . Cloud Based Smart Dustbin System for Metro Station.Aayush Tripathi ; Chinmay Pandey ; Ankur
Narwal ; Devashish Negi.2018 3rd International Conference On Internet of hings: Smart Innovation
and Usages (IoT-SIU).ISBN: 978-1- 5090-6785-5
[8] IoT based solid waste management system for smart city.Krishna Nirde ; Prashant S. Mulay ; Uttam M.
Chaskar. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). ISBN:
978-1-5386- 2745-7
[9] Automation of Smart waste management using IoT to support “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” - a practical
approach. Bharadwaj ; M. Kumudha ; Gowri Chandra N ; Chaithra G2017 2nd International Conference
on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT). ISBN: 978- 1-5090-6221-8
[10] Dirt detection on camera module using stripe-wise background modeling Bin Liao ; Wei Mo. 2016 2nd
IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). ISBN: 978- 1-4673-9026-2

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