AIRCRAFT DIFFI TYPE

ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ

ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ

ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ

ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ

ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ

ALL 1 MCQ

ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ

ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 1 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 4 MCQ
ALL 3 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
ALL 2 MCQ
QUESTION
How many great circles can be drawn through two points diametrically opposite to each other.
How many small circles can be drawn through two points diametrically opposite to each other.
Regularly curved line on the surface of the earth cutting all the meridians at the same angle is called ________________.
Meridians are _________________ joining the poles.
What is the direction indicated by the position of North Geographical pole.
The angular difference between the direction of the true north and the magnetic north at any place is called _______________
Isogonals are the lines joining the places of equal ___________________.
The angular difference between the magnetic north and compress north is called ___________________ .
10°52’ of arc at equator is equal to _______________________ .
10°52’15'' of arc at equator is equal to _______________________ .
kilometer is the length of 1/10000 part of the average distance between the equator and _________________ .
The direction of one point from an aircraft with reference to the fore-and-aft axis of the aircraft measured clockwise through 36
__________________ .
The ground position of an aircraft determined by methods other then direct visual observation of the ground beneath the aircra
called ___________________ .
Earth is rotating ________________ as viewed from NCP.
The shortest distance between any two points on the surface of a sphere is the smaller arc of the ________________ .
Example of Rhumb Line -
Shortest distance on the Earth can be flown by flying __________________ .
Rhumb lines are __________________ towards the equator.
The saving in distance effected by flying a great circle rather than a rhumb line increases with ___________________ .
The angle of inclination between selected meridians at particular latitude is known as
Nautical Mile is the length of the arc on the Earth's surface that subtends an angle of one minute at .
Variation value can vary upto __________________ .
The change of longitude (ch long) between two points is the ______ of the equator intercepted by the meridians through the tw
Lines drawn on maps which join places of equal elevation are called ____________________ .
The height intervals between adjacent contours may be standardized for a particular map series, but are not necessarily const
The main factors governing the choice of map scale are
The rate at which an object is moving is known as
The speed of an aircraft measured relative to the air mass through which it is moving is termed as
The speed of sound varies as the square root of the
In One in Sixty rule, 60 is the length of _____________________ of triangle .
1 in 60 rule will be accurate to about ½ ° for small angles upto ___________ deg .
Wind at 90 deg to the track required will not have any effect on ground speed.
Effect of wind increases with _________________ .
Calculation of CP is dependent on nature of emergency envisaged.
The factor(s) affecting the position of the CP are:
Calculation of CP is always carried out with reduced TAS.
The maximum distance to the PNR will be achieved in still air conditions.
If there is any drift, the effective head wind component on a track is more than the effective tail wind component on the recipro
The aircraft will take longer and so experience more head wind effect when flying into a head wind than it will experience tail w
reciprocal task.
10% more fuel will increase PNR by
10% increase in fuel flow will increase PNR by
10% increase in fuel flow will decrease PNR by
_____________________ is required when there is no possibility of a safe landing being made at the destination or its alterna
_______________ is required against the possibility of an emergency in the aircraft requiring a landing to be made as soon as
SCA for an ac with 200 Kts G/S is
If an ac is right of track by 5 Nm SCA would restore the ac back on track in _____________ minutes
To lose one minute in a 60° dogleg each leg has to be flown for _________ minutes.
To lose one minute in a 30° dogleg each leg has to be flown for __________ minutes.
To lose one minute in a 45° dogleg each leg has to be flown for __________ minutes.
One Rate one turn orbit would require __________ minutes.
RAIM requires at least _______________ satellites to be in view.
Increasing the magnetic moment of the magnet system increases _____________
The Earth's axis is inclined at an angle of ___________ to the orbital plane.
The Earth's axis is inclined at an angle of ___________ to the normal to the Earth's orbital plane.
The earth's shape can best be described as __________________ .
The G/C distance in nm from 50 N 20 W to 50 N 160 E is _________________ .
The rhumb line distance in nm from 60 N 30 W to 60 N 150 E is
The shortest G/C track and distance in nm from 00 N 178 W to 00 N 163 E is
Back bearing is useful in determining ______________ .
Convergency depends on ___________________ .

Circumference of a parallel of latitude at 60 deg is _______________ .

Departure between any two meridians depends on the _______________ .

The shortest rhumb line track and distance in nm from 50 N 175 W to 50 N 175 E ______________ .
On a sheet of map the height interval between successive contours is known as
The G/C brg of D from C is 235 deg. R/L brg of C from D is 070 deg. What is the G/C brg of C from D?
G/C brg of B from A is 056 deg. The gc brg of A from B is 282 deg. What is the R/L brg of B from A
Find convergency. Given chlong = 10 deg at 30 deg N
If the GC bearing of N from M is 280° and the GC bearing of M from N is 094°, what is the RL bearing of M from N?
The effect of an increasing strength of wind at 90 deg to track on the time and distance respectively to PET will be
SCA for an ac with 300 Kts G/S is
An aircraft A is at GS 400 Kts and is 50 nm behind B at GS 300 Kts at 0900 Z. How much time will it take for A to overtake B?
An aircraft A is at GS 480 Kts and is 30 nm behind B at GS 300 Kts at 0900 Z. What time will it be 2 Min Behind B?
What is the time taken to go around the earth at 60 deg lat at ground speed of 600 kts?
An ac turns port of track by 30 deg to avoid weather. On clearing weather after 4 min ac turns stbd by 60 deg to regain track. E
changes by
TAS (out) = 200kts, TAS (Home) = 150 kts, nil winds. Present endurance 06:30, safety margin = 02:00 hrs. Dist to PNR is ___
Given Track 270, TAS 200 Knots, W/V 300 deg/30, and Patrol time = 4 hrs. Calculate the Radius of action.
For a given wind condition a higher TAS means that the PNR
In case wind direction changes by 180 deg

Assuming all other conditions to be same, time to PSR will be maximum in case of
With 3 tons fuel PNR is 600 nm. With 3.5 tons fuel PNR will be
Radius of action from (single stationary base) is maximum in case of
TAS 200 kts, nil wind cp 100 nm, in case of 30 kts of head wind component distance to CP will become
To find the distance to PET (point of equal time) the speed to be used is
Full TAS 500 kts. Engine failure TAS 400 kts. Total distance 1000 nm. Along track wind component 40 kts. The distance to en
point will be
Given that the prevailing winds in the north Atlantic are westerly, the critical point between Europe and America will tend to be

The effect of an increasing strength of wind at 90 deg to track on the time and distance respectively to PET will be
10% more fuel available will mean ______________ greater distance to the PNR
__________________ wind will reduce the distance to the PNR.
Addition of 1500 ft in RSA calculations cater for _______________ .
The Mean Lat for 65°N and 25°S is ________________ .
What is the shortest distance between A (6435N 01000W) and B (5315N 17000E).
What is the shortest distance between A (6435N 01000W) and B (5315S 01000W).
What is the shortest distance between A (6435N 01000W) and B (5315S 17000E).
Distance travelled to go around the earth along the parallel of 75N at a ground speed of 540 knots is _____________ .
Find the great circle distance in nm from 60°N20°W to 60°N160°E?
Find the Rhumb line distance in nm from 60°N20°W to 60°N160°E?
Find the shortest GC track and distance in nm from 00°N 168° W to 00°N 173°E.
An aircraft is flying on a Compass heading of 225°, if the Deviation is 2W and variation 12°W what is the true heading?
An aircraft on heading 110° observes an island on relative bearing of 270. What is the true bearing of the island from the aircra
The distance between Aerodromes A and B is 1400nm. At 0900 Aircraft 1 leaves A for B at a ground speed of 300 knots and a
A at a ground speed of 400 knots. At what time will the aircraft pass each other
The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the Sun at
The Earth completes an orbit around the Sun in
Inclination of earth's N/S axis with respect to the Ecliptic is
The angle made by the plane of the Ecliptic with the equator is
The annual cycle of seasons is due to
On the day of winter solstice

During equinoxes days

The point where a Planet is closest to the Sun is known as

Greater mass of the earth is towards _______________ .
Meridians indicate ________________ direction.
______________ lie nearer the equator than the corresponding ____________________ .
Pole that lies to the left of an observer facing East is ________________ .
The angle of inclination between selected meridians at particular latitude is known as
The sexagesimal system is used for measuring
The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal to the 360th part of the circumference is called a _____________
Each degree is divided into ______________ seconds.
Each minute is divided into ______________ seconds.
Length of Nautical mile is higher at
Length of Nautical mile is higher at
The SI unit of distance is ______________ .
PNR is 600 nm with 20000 Lbs fuel . With 25000 Lbs of fuel PNR will be _______________ Nm.
10% additional fuel available will mean distance to the PNR will increase by ____________ .
The Mean Lat for 80°N and 20°N is ________________ .
Assuming all other conditions to be same, time to PSR will be minimum in case of
SCA for an ac with 360 Kts G/S is
___________________ twilight occurs when the Sun's centre is 6° or less below the sensible horizon.
___________________ twilight occurs when the Sun's centre is between 6° and 12° below the sensible horizon.
___________________ twilight occurs when the Sun's centre is between 12° and 18° below the sensible horizon.
Complete darkness is associated with _________________ twilight.
A daytime visual approach would be possible in __________________ twilight.
Because of atmospheric ____________________ , the 'visual' horizon is below the 'sensible' horizon.
Because of atmospheric refraction , the 'visual' horizon is _______________ 'sensible' horizon.
Earth is rotating ________________ as viewed from North Celestial Pole.
Periods of day and night can be considered to be equal throughout the year at __________________ .
Because of atmospheric effects, the length of the day at Equator is approx __________ longer than the length of the night.
Pole that lies to the right of an observer facing East is ________________ .
The SI unit of distance is ______________ .
Line along which all points have equal dip is called _____________ .
Line along which all points have equal variation is called _____________ .
A line on the surface of the earth along which all points have nil variation is called ____________ line .
A line on the surface of the earth along which all points have zero dip is called ____________ line .
The Angle of Dip at magnetic poles is ________________ .
The Angle of Dip at magnetic equator is ________________ .
One minute 30 deg dogleg would entail ___________ .
41 Nm = ______________ Km
76 Km = ______________ Nm
Length of Statute mile is____________ Ft.
The position of the ground beneath the aircraft at any time is ____________________ position .
The position of the aircraft at any time assuming nil winds is _____________ position.
The position of an aircraft at any time deduced from the knowledge or previous information available regarding the position of
International Nautical Mile is equal to
International Nautical Mile is equal to
Inertial systems provide ________________ direction.
Lines drawn on maps which join places of equal elevation are called ____________________ .
RAS 240 Kts, TAS at 10000 ft is ____________ kts.
RAS 210 Kts, TAS at 15000 ft is ____________ kts.
Ht = 30,000’, MN = 0.80, TAS =
Ht = 25,000’, MN = 0.80, TAS =
Ht = 13,000’, MN = 0.43, TAS =
Ht = 32,000’, MN = 0.88, OAT = (-)32 deg, TAS =
Ht = 30,000’, MN = 0.80, OAT = (-)30 deg, TAS =
What is the shortest distance between N5137 W00012 and N0648 W00012?
What is the shortest distance between S2930 E03030 and N5947 E03030?
What is the shortest distance between N4155 E01110 and N2117 W16850?
What is the shortest distance between N3557 E13535 and S2210 W04425?
What is the shortest distance between N0000 E10355 and N0000 W01635?
An aircraft is 4° off track at a range of 90 nms from a turning point. What is the distance off track?
An aircraft is 12 Nm off track when 240 nms from a turning point. What is the angular deviation from planned track?
One in Sixty rule should not be used involving angles greater than ____________ .
An aircraft is flying from M to N, distance 55 nm. After 25 Nm, the aircraft is 2.5 nm right of track. What alteration of hdg is requ
N?
What is the height of an ac on a 3° glide slope at 4 Nms from touchdown?
What is the height of an ac on a 4.5° glide slope at 3 Nms from touchdown?
GS 3°, G/S 140 KIAS. ROD required to maintain the glideslope.
GS 2.7°, G/S 120 KIAS. ROD required to maintain the glideslope.
GS 3°, G/S 140 KIAS to 120 KIAS. Change in ROD required to maintain the glideslope.
After travelling 72 miles, you are 6 miles off track. What is your track error?
A chart scale is given by RF 1:1000000. How many Nms are represented by one inch.
A chart scale is given by RF 1:500000. How many Kms are represented by one cm.
The scale of a chart is one cm to 20 kms. The RF is _____________
On a chart of scale 1:3000000, calculate the no. of inches which represent a distance on the earth of 105 Nm.
On a chart of scale 1:1459200, calculate the no. of inches which represent a distance on the earth of 62 Nm.
If a CL of 1.45 cm represents an ED of 7.25 km, what is the scale of the chart as a RF?
If a CL of 7.8 cm represents an ED of 27 nm, what ED is represented by a CL of 6.3 in?
One cm represents 5 kms, what is the scale as RF?
1.6 cm represents 8 kms, what is the scale as RF?
1 cm represents 5.4 nms, what is the scale as RF?
5 inches represents 8 nms, what is the scale as RF?
If the scale of a Mercator chart at the Equator is 1:1000000, what is the scale at 60 deg N or S?
On a Mercator chart, the scale at 54 deg S is 1:2000000. What is the scale at 25 deg N?
A normal mercator chart is _______________ projection.
A direct Mercator graticule is ________________ .
If the rhumb line track from Pt A (N45 E008) to Pt B (N15 E032) is 145°T, what is the direction of great circle track measured a
If the rhumb line track from Pt A (N45 E008) to Pt B (N15 E032) is 145°T, what is the direction of great circle track from Pt B to
On a mercator chart, the rhumb line track from Pt A (S30 E032) to Pt B (S30 E116) is 090°T, what is the great circle track from
When does perihelion occur?
When does aphelion occur?
When do "Equinoxes" occur?
When is the rate of change of the length of daylight is greatest
Still air CP is midway between departure and destination.
The maximum PNR distance is always achieved in still air.
Calculate earth distance between 30N050E and 60N130W
Angular deviation between GC bearing between two points and a straight line between them is called as
You're in northern hemisphere hdg 135 on a direct reading compass. You're turning right in a rate 1 turn for 30 sec. you will rol
The distance between two waypoints is 200 Nm. To calculate compass hdg the pilot used 2E magnetic variation instead of 2W
All parallels of Latitudes are:
Compression ratio of the earth is:-
The angular difference between GC and RL is called:
A Km is equal to ___________________ of the distance between equator and the pole.
By definition, a Nautical mile is:-
Each degree of longitude corresponds to change of time of:
The number of great circles that can be drawn through two points which are 90 deg longitude apart are:
The inclination between two meridians is called ____________ angle.
The shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the earth is represented by:
An ac flying a constant heading is always following is:-
GEORFF system is marked on IAF maps and used by pilots for CAS missions because:-
One min of latitude measures more that 6080` at:-
The distance between two points situated along 60 deg N on meridians 076° E and 080° E is ______nm.
The distance of one degree of longitude at 45° N Lat will be :
Convergency is equal to:-
The scale error of an 1 MPP chart being used by IAF is:
If representative factor is 1:10,000 one centimeter on a map represents:-
On the LFA map that you use:
A distance of 60 NM on a map can be measured correctly if measured along :-
A projection which represents bearings and angles correctly at all points is called
Lambert projection is a ______ projection.
The IMP projection is a ____________________ projection:-
For all practical purposes, a straight line drawn on the LFA map used in IAF can be considered to be a:-
Map projection representing areas correctly is called:
Maps used by IAF are prepared using :
Maps used by IAF are prepared using:
The shape of Rhumb line close to the pole is
The small scale maps used in IAF are:-
The cross wind component of a 20 knot wind blowing from 1 O` clock to the R/W is :
If there is wind, the effective head wind component on track as compared to retail wind components on the reciprocal track will
Pilot charts given information regarding :
ADF bearing is 200, ac compass hdg is 093°, Deviation 3°E, homing to NDB will be:-
When you ask for a homing from the ATC, the homing given is in relation to:
A pilot is flying about 50 NM out at sea on a Northerly heading, parallel to the coast. He flies over an island, which he recognis
Quadrantal and semicircular systems are based on:
In a climb at constant Mach No:-
Two ac flying at same M no in troposphere but at different altitudes. The ac, which is at a lower altitude, will have:
Your G/S is 800 kmph. After 45 mts of flying you are 20 km off track. Your drift is:-
At constant Mach No. if the temperature drops the TAS:-
The local speed of sound in air at an ambient temp of -25°C is:-
If an ac is flying at Match 0.8 in an atmosphere where the speed of sound is 300m/sec, then its TAS in km/hr is:-
A pilot finds himself 5 nm off track at the end of 3 mins of flight at a speed of 600 kts. If no correction is made at 12 min the ac
Pinpoint is the position of the ac:
Position of the aircraft obtained by methods other than direct visual observations of the ground below the aircraft is known as:-
Fix is the position of the aircraft obtained by:-
The CP calculated for nil winds will move towards ___________________ in case of headwinds on outbound.
The PNR for reciprocal wind and same velocity would:-
In case of tail wind on outbound, the distance to PNR will:
Point of no return calculated for nil winds will move towards ____________________ in case of head wind on outbound:
Critical Point between two airfields is a place/point which is always :-
Critical point is given by the formula:
If a CP had seen calculated for nil winds but the actual winds are 30 kts at 90 deg to the track, the new CP will be:
On a ferry from Pathankot to Jodhpur, with a flying time of 1:00 hrs, if the TAS is 840 kmph and head wind component is 100 k
In a LLN at a G/S of 360 kts, if an ac is 20 seconds behind ETA, the speed should be increased to:-
One minute can be lost by doing a :-
On a LL Nav at a G/S of 900 kph on a hdg of 090 you are 6 km left of track after 8 min of flying you alter course to the right and
In a 30° dog leg with a time of 2 minutes on each leg the time lost is:-
At a latitude of 60° N, maintaining a ground speed of 600 kts, the time taken to g round the earth will be: - (Given circumferenc
Flying at 900 Kmph you are 30 secs early. Therefore you must reduce speed _______________ kmph to make good the time:
In a 30 deg leg, the total time lost is:-
An ac takes 15 min 12 secs to cover a distance of .066 mts between A and B on a Chart having a scale of 1:2,000,000. The G
Heading 02B deg ( c ) , Dev 2 deg West, Var - 3 deg and back bearing by bearing by radio compass is 176 deg (R). The TMG
QDM means:-
When accelerating with wings level on an easterly hdg in the Northern hemisphere, the E2B indicates an apparent turn to the:
While coming in for a long straight in approach for R/W 27 at Hindan (orientation270), an ac decelerates from Nav speeds to a
You are in turn on to base leg for R/W 29 (left hand circuit) and are utilizing E 2 B compass due to main compass failure. Com
While flying close to the North mag pole, to indicate the ac heading, a ______ is used:-
You were forced to use E2 B compass for steering courses on circuit. R/W hdg is 360 deg. Controller is giving you a LH turn o
Your heading is 270° deviation is 3°W and variations is +8°, your true heading is _______
E2B is least affected by acceleration and turning errors at
For operation in the Northern Hemisphere, an E2B compass has the CG of its magnetic element south of the pivot point. If tak
Magnetic compasses are fitted pendulously (by displacing the C of G of the magnetic needle away from the centre position) so
An E2B is least affected by turning and acceleration errors at :-
In Northern hemisphere, if your accelerate on an Easterly heading, the needle of an E2B compass will:
Magnetic compass are fitted with a pendulous unit to cater for the effect of:-
The accuracy of class C Bearings are:-
You have experienced a gyro sync compass failure and are flying on E2B compass. During the turn through 360 degs (in north
Lines joining places with equal variation are called:-
In a magnet, 'dip' will be minimum at:-
Dip is max at
Lines joining the places of same variation are called:-
During a compass swing coefficient C is calculated by the formula.
Coeff C is max on :-
At 1100 h GMT, the local time at a place 60° E will be:-
Dusk is defined as the period from sunset to the time when the sun is ______________ deg below the horizon:
In a ferry, with 50 km/h headwinds forecast, the distance to PNR is 800 km. If the winds were to be exactly 50 km/h tail instea
At 1000 hrs GMT the local time at 80 deg W will be:
An airfield has runways 18/36 and 07/25, all of equal length. The TAF W/V is
310/25. Variation
An aircraft is flyingisdue
20°E. Which
South. At will
1000 behrs,
the point
best R/W for take-off
P bears 267°(T) and
fromlanding?
the aircraft. At 1006 hrs, point P bears 275°(T) from the
An aircraft flying VFR using visual navigation crosses two parallel roads at right angles to the track. For what purpose could tha
An aircraft is planned to fly a Great Circle track via the following turning points- 53˚N 030˚W to 53˚N 020˚W to 53˚N 010˚W. Th
A is N55° E/W000° B is N54° E010°, if the initial true great circle track from A to B is 100°(T), what is the true rhumb line track
Your position is 5833N 17400W. You fly exactly 6 NM eastwards. What is your new
position?
An aircraft departs a point 0400N 17000W and flies 600 NM South, followed by
600 NM East,
An aircraft then 600
at position NM006E
50N North, then 600
travels 300 NM West. Whatthen
due South, is itstravels
final position?
300 NM due East, then 300 NM due North and then 3
On a normal Mercator chart, rhumb lines are represented as:
The earth's shape can best be described as
(i) Meridians are rhumb lines (ii) parallels are rhumb lines
Only one great circle can be drawn between two points on the earth’s surface.
An international nautical mile is
The radius of the earth in nm is approximately
A kilometer is
The length of nautical mile
A rhumb line is best defined as
A parallel of latitude is
The G/C distance in nm from 60 N 20 W to 60 N 160 E is
The rhumb line distance in nm from 60 N 20 W to 60 N 160 E is
Earth convergency between two points is defined as
Which of the following statements is true, in respect of the relative orientation between the G/C and the R/L
Departure between any two meridians depends on the
Convergency is
Choose the incorrect statement
Through two diametrically opposite places
Rhumb line distance between two places is the shortest distance when two places are
The origin of GEOREF system is
Length of nm is max at pole. So the length of km will be
The shortest distance between two points diametrically opposite on lat 60 deg N will be by traveling
Compression ratio is expressed as
Where there has been no accurate survey and contours are only approximate values they are called
On a sheet of map the height interval between successive contours is known as
When the w/v is perpendicular to the track
An ac is flying into a headwind of 25 kts
Three sides of the wind triangle are
In the wind triangle
Winds as experienced during the climb phase
To compute the DR position
A/H Parallel track is given by applying
Determination of multi-drift w/v requires
Vectored w/v is
Track and hdg of ac will coincide in
Drift is maximum, when w/v is
An ac turns port of track by 30 deg to avoid weather. On clearing weather after 4 min ac turns stbd by 60 deg to regain track. E
G/S 200 kts, if off track by 4 nm
At a check point in low-level sortie an ac is early by 25 sec with basic g/s of 240 k. to correct for this
At the end of 45° dog leg (2 min each leg) in t o the wind, the aircraft will be,
For losing 1.5 min of time an ac can fly
Adjustment of distance based on pre-computed timing legs method utilises the principle of
To find the distance to PET (point of equal time) the speed to be used is
Given that the prevailing winds in the north Atlantic are westerly, the critical point between Europe and America will tend to be
In flight it is discovered that the winds used have been reversed. The effect will be
With headwind on outbound leg as against nil wind
Critical point is exactly midway between base and destination when
Assuming all other conditions to be same, time to PSR will be maximum in case of
In case wind direction changes by 180 deg
The effect of a reducing TAS is to
For a given wind condition a higher TAS means that the PNR
OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C
One Two 360
One Two 360
Rhumb Line Great Circle Small circle
Rhumb Line Great Circle Small circle
True North Magnetic North Compass North
Deviation Variation Departure
Variation Deviation Temperature
Variation Deviation Temperature
652 Nm 652 Sm 652 Km
652.75 Nm 652.5 nm 652.25 Nm
North pole South Pole Either Poles
Bearing Back Bearing Some Bearing

Fix DR Position Air position

Clockwise Anti-clockwise Can not be determined

Equator Small circle Great Circle
Tropic of Cancer Greenwich Meridian Tropic of Capricorn
Rhumb Line track Great Circle track Direct track
Convex Concave Parallel
Inc Latitude Dec Latitude Always
Earth convergence True convergence Convergency
Centre of the Earth Own centre of curvature Both
90 Deg 180 Deg 360 Deg
Bigger arc Equal arc Smaller arc
Contours Form Lines Isoel
1 FALSE
Height and Distance Terrain and Speed Both
Speed Velocity Displacement
IAS CAS EAS
Absolute Temp OAT TAT
Base Perpendicular Hypotenuse
15 30 45
1 FALSE
Inc in IAS Dec in IAS No effect
1 FALSE
Total Distance Winds TAS
1 FALSE
1 FALSE
1 FALSE
1 FALSE

5% 10% 15%
5% 10% 20%
5% 10% 20%
PNR CP ROA
PNR CP ROA
16 22 18
2.5 5 10
1 2 3
1 2 3
1.2 1.5 1.7
1 1.5 2
4 5 6
Horizontality Aperiodicity Sensitivity
23.5 deg 66.5 deg 22.5 deg
23.5 deg 66.5 deg 22.5 deg
Prelate spheroid ellipsoid Sphere
4800 nm 3600 nm 10800 nm
4800 nm 3600 nm 10800 nm
090 (T) 1140 270 (T) 1140 270 (T) 20460
Drift TMG TE
change of longitude change of latitude sine value of the mean latitude

18706 nm 21600 nm 10800 nm

cosine of the latitude sine of the latitude cosine of the longitude

270 (T) 600 090 (T) 600 270 (T) 386
contour interval vertical interval contour gradient
055 deg 255 deg 085 deg
097 deg 079 deg 126 deg
10 cos 30 10 tan 30 10 sin 30
097° 277° 087°
none/increase none/decrease decrease/decrease
16 12 18
30 Min 25 Min 20 Min
0920Z 0912Z 0918Z
18 Hrs 12 Hrs 24 Hrs
4 Min 3 Min 2 Min

386 Nm 368 Nm 486 Nm

395 Nm 400 Nm 390 Nm
will be close to base further from base at the same point
dist to CP remains the same time to PNR remains the same posn of CP moves closer to
dep
head winds on outbound beam winds nil winds
660 nm 540 nm 700 nm
tail wind on outbound Nil winds tail wind on inbound
130 Nm 70 Nm 115 Nm
Normal TAS Reduced TAS Increased TAS
562 or 428 nm depending on the 450 nm 450 or 550 nm depending on
wind dir the wind dir
nearer to north America on all nearer to Europe on all flights nearer to Europe on easterly
flights flights
none/increase decrease/decrease none/none
5% 10% 15%
Head Tail Abeam
altimeter setting errors temperature errors both
20°S 20°N 15°S
2730 nm 4370 nm 3730 nm
7070 nm 6070 nm 7060 nm
9120 nm 10120 nm 11120 nm
5950 nm 5990 nm 5559 nm
3600 nm 5400 nm 4800 nm
3600 nm 5400 nm 4800 nm
1120 nm 1240 nm 1140 nm
211° 239° 213°
120°T 020°T 200°T
1030 hrs 1000 hrs 0930 hrs

one of the major axis the centre one of the minor axis
365.25 days 366 days 365.50 days
76°E 23.5°N 66.5°
76°E 23.5°N 66.5°
varying earth-sun distance tilting of earth's axis sunspots and solar flares
days are longer in Northern duration of daylight is less in duration of daylight in the
Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere northern hemisphere is more
are longer than nights in the are longer than nights in the nights are of equal duration
northern hemisphere. southern hemisphere.
Perigee Apogee Perihelion
Southern hemisphere Northern hemisphere Equator
Compass Grid True
Rhumb line, Great circle Great circle, Rhumb line
South North
Earth convergence True convergence Magnetic convergence
Radiation Distances Angles
Minute Degree Second
60 360 3600
60 360 3600
Equator Tropic of Cancer Arctic circle
Equator Poles Tropics
Kilometre Nautical Mile Statute Mile
660 450 750
5% 10% 20%
50°N 30°N 40°N
head winds on outbound beam winds nil winds
16 10 18
Civil Nautical Astronomical
Civil Nautical Astronomical
Civil Nautical Astronomical
Civil Nautical Astronomical
Civil Nautical Astronomical
Defraction Refraction pollution
below above same as
Clockwise Anti-clockwise Can not be determined
Tropics Poles Equator
6 min 12 min 18 min
South North
Metre Nautical Mile Statute Mile
Isogonal Isoclinal Isothermal
Isogonal Isoclinal Isothermal
Agonic Aclinic Anaemic
Agonic Aclinic Anaemic
30 deg 45 deg 0 deg
30 deg 45 deg 0 deg
15 sec loss 15 sec gain 30 sec loss
76 66 56
66 56 41
3280 5280 6080
DR Air Ground
DR Air Ground
DR Air Ground
1852 meters 6080 feet 5280 feet
6076.1 feet 6080 feet 5280 feet
Magnetic True Compass
Form lines Contours
245 250 260
245 252 262
470 Kts 490 Kts 475 Kts
480 Kts 490 Kts 475 Kts
280 kts 275 Kts 265 Kts
541 Kts 511 Kts 531 Kts
470 Kts 490 Kts 475 Kts
2698 Nm 2986 Nm 2689 Nm
5357 Nm 5753 Nm 7553 Nm
9807 Nm 6908 Nm 8007 Nm
7993 Nm 9973 nm 8973 Nm
3070 Nm 7030 Nm 7230 Nm
3 Nm 6 Nm 9 Nm
1.5° 3° 6°
20° 25° 30°
09° Port 09° Stbd 11° Port

1200 Ft 1000 Ft 1600 Ft

1250 ft 1350 ft 1200 ft
700 ft/min 650 ft/min 750 ft/min
640 ft/min 600 ft/min 540 ft/min
100 ft/min 150 ft/min 200 ft/min
10° 5° 7.5°
13.9 Nm 12.8 Nm 13.7 Nm
3 Km 4 km 6 Km
1/1800000 1/2100000 1/2000000
2.56 in 2.16 in 3.24 in
3.3 in 3.2 in 3.1 in
1/450000 1/500000 1/550000
100 km 98 km 104 km
1/450000 1/500000 1/550000
1/450000 1/500000 1/550000
1/1050000 1/1100000 1/1000000
1/116740 1/117640 1/116640
1/600000 1/500000 1/550000
1:3050000 1:3080000 1:3000000
Conical Cylindrical Azimuthal
Rectangular Square Circular
133°T 139°T 145°T
319°T 325°T 331°T
291°T 312°T 228°T
early January mid March early July
early January mid March early July
Dec & Jun Feb & Mar Mar & Sep
Feb/ Nov Jan/ Jul at the Equinoxes
1 FALSE
1 FALSE
7200 Nm 5400Nm 9350 Nm
Deviation Grivation Convergence
Greater than 225 Less than 225 Equal to 225
14 Nm 7Nm 0Nm
Rhumb lines Great circles Both (a) and (b)
1/300 1/227 1/1000 (d) None
Half convergency Variation + deviation Conversion angle
1/1000 1/10,000 1/1,00,000
Less at poles and more at equator Less at equator and more at pol`6080` everywhere
1 min 2 mins 4 mins
infinite 90 180
Conversion Convergency Inclination
Rhumb line Track Great circleTrack Parallel of latitude
Great circle track Straight line Rhumb line track
The Army needs it for their maps aNaval positions can be better It is eminently suitable for tran
Equator Mid latitudes Poles
240 190 120
60 nm More than 60 nm Less than 60 nm
Change of long x Sin Lat Change of Lat x Sin Long Change of long x Lat
1.2888888889 2.73888888888889 0.1125
1km on ground 100m on ground 10m on ground
Meridians are straight lines Parallels of latitude are straight Meridians are curved lines
One deg along the latitude One deg along the meridians. Either (a) or (b)
Homolographic Orthomorphic Topographic
Cylindrical Conical Zenithal
Cylindrical Conical Sterographic
Rhumb Line Parallel of latitude Great circle
Orthomorphic Mercator Homolographic
Mercator`s Projection Polar Sterco-graphic Projection Lamber`s Conformal Orthomorphi
Mercator`s Projection Polar Stereo-graphic projection Lamber`s conformal Orthomorphic
Convex Straight line Concave
Mercator type projection Zenithal type projection Simple lambert type projection
17.4 Kts 10 Kts 12.8 Kts
Same Lower Higher
Winds at upper levels Temp & dew point temp at upperContent of humidity in upper leve
293 296 273
True North Magnetic North Grid North
30 210 Less than 210
True hdgs Mag hdgs Mag tracks
IAS reduces at a faster rate than TAS reduces faster than IAS IAS reduces but TAS remains co
higher TAS lower TAS will have nearly same TAS
2° 3° 4°
Increase Reduces Remains same
674 Kts 614 Kts 644 Kts
1080 885.6 864
6n 18 nm 30 nm
As fixed by 2 Nav aids Worked out by any means otherAs observed visually
DR Position Cocket Hat Triangle of Uncertainty
Direct observation Dead Reckoning Bearings and observations
Destination Starting point No effect
Remain same Move into wind Move away from wind
increase Decrease Remain same
Destination Starting point No effect
Equidistant from both Likely to have max traffic crossi At equal time from both
POH / O+H O+H / POH DH / O+H
Closer to the starting point. Closer to the destination. Will remain at the same position.
890 km 945 km 765 km
372 kts for 10 mins 390 kts for 06 mins 390 kts for 20 mins
30 deg dogleg for 2 min each side 60 deg dogleg for 1 min each si 60 deg dogleg for 2 min each sid
091° 094° 88°
30 seconds one minute two minutes
12 hrs 18 hrs 24 hrs
870 for 71/2 mts 840 for 71/2 mts 840 for 15 mts
½ the leg time 1/3 the leg time 1/7 the leg time
132 kts 244.7 kts 281 kts
019 deg 016 deg 021 deg
Magnetic bearing of Ground Statio Mag bearing of ac from stn True bearing of Ground Station
Left Right No turn
Less than 270° More than 270° 270°
020 deg 360 deg 340 deg
A magnetic compass A DGI A flux gate
090 deg 030 deg 330 deg
265° 275° 281°
Geographical Poles Geographical Equator Magnetic Equator
The compass would have to be comp A new E2B with pivot changed hThe same compass will perform equally well
Keep the needle horizontal and cate
Keep the needle vertical and catKeep the needle horizontal and ca
Geographic Poles Geographic equator Magnetic poles
Turn clockwise and show apparentTurn anticlockwise and show app Turn anticlockwise and show appa
Wander Topple Drift
± 2° ±5° ±7°
Northerly hdg Westerly hdg Easterly hdg
Isogonals Isoclinals Isotropics
Poles Equator 45° N/S latitude
Equator Isoclinics Poles
Isobars Agonic Isogonal
Dev N - Dev S/2 Dev S- Dev N / 2 Dev S - Dev N / 2
E& W N&S Inter cardinal hdgs
1400 h 1500 h 1600 h
4 deg 6 deg 8 deg
750 km 800 km 850 km
1540 hrs 0430 hrs 0720 hrs
18 36 7
120Nm 60Nm 90Nm
tracking check ground speed check heading check
an 8 degree increase a 4 degree decrease zero
096 (T) 107 (T) 104(T)
5833N 17411.5W 5833N 17355W 5833N 17340W
0400N 17000W 0600S 17000W 0400N 169°58.1’W
North East West
Curves concave to the Equator Curves convex to the Equator Complex curves
Prelate spheroid oblate spheroid Sphere
only (i) is correct only (ii) is correct is correct with one important exc
correct correct only for antipodal( diamenot correct
1 minute of geographical latitude 1 minute of geocentric latitude 1852 m
3440 3930 6370
exactly 66/76 nm approximately 66/41 nm approximately 41/66 nm
increases with altitude decreases with altitude remains constant with altitude
a line on a chart cutting all meridi a line on the earth of constant tra line on a chart of constant true
a R/Land can never be a G/C a R/L and in a special case can a small circle and can never be
3600 10800 5400
3600 10800 5400
the inclination between meridians tthe change in the great circle b the change in the rhumb line bea
the G/C always lies on the equatorithe G/C lies on the equatorial s the R/L always lies on the equato
cosecant of the latitude cosine of the latitude sine of the longitude
the angular difference between grea angle of inclination between tw equal to the angular difference b
relative bearing is measured with reback bearing is the direction a relative bearing and back bearin
only one great circle can be drawn only one rhumb line and one greonly one rhumb line and many gr
along the same meridian only along the equator only along the same meridian and the
equator and Greenwich meridian 90 deg S latitude and 180 deg South Pole and antemeridian of
max at pole max at equator both a and b
through east through west either a and b
ratio of polar diameter to diameter ratio of difference between equadifference between equatorial d
hachures form lines both a and b
contour interval contour gradient vertical interval
the ground speed will be greater onthe ground speed will be greate the ground speed is less than TAS
if the TAS is 100 knots the G/S wil if the IAS is 100 knots then G/S if the TAS is 120 knots then G/S
hdg and TAS; track and G/S; wind d hdg and G/S; track made good atrack and TAS; hdg and G/S; wind direction and velocity
the hdg/TAS vector always follows the hdg/TAS vector and the tracthe hdg/TAS and w/v vectors alw
is a mean wind is only of academic interest andis important since it gives an ind
mean w/v is ideal local m/v is ideal both mean and local w/v may be
drift to present heading TE to present heading TE to present track
knowledge of hdg and TAS flown on maintenance of constant TAS onknowledge of hdg and TAS flown
mean w/v local w/v depends on the time of restart
nil winds tail winds head winds
perpendicular to the hdg perpendicular to the TMG perpendicular to reqd track
4 min late 2 min late 1 min late
a/h by 18° and fly for 4 min a/h by 9° and fly for 2 min a/h by 36° and fly for 8 min
speed should be increased by 25 ktspeed should be decreased by 2speed should be increased by 25
upwind of track by wind effect of t downwind of track by wind effecdownwind of track by wind effect
a 60 deg dog leg, each leg = 2 mina 45 deg dog leg, each leg = 4 a 30 deg dog leg, each leg = 6 m
equilateral triangle isosceles triangle wind triangle
reduced TAS 90 % of normal TAS normal TAS
nearer to north America on all fligh nearer to Europe on all flights nearer to Europe on westerly ligh
no effect on the distance to PET buchange in the distance to PNR change in the distance to PNR onl
CP is closer to place of departure CP moves towards destination there is no effect on CP
fuel carried is just sufficient for the ground speed out and home arewhen distance between the base
head winds on outbound tail winds on outbound beam winds
dist to CP remains the same dist to PNR remains the same time to PNR remains the same
move the PET(point of equal time) decrease the time to PET as com move the PET(point of equal time
will be close to base further from base at the same point
OPTION D CORRECT OPTION SUBJECT
Infinite Infinite Navigation
None None Navigation
None Rhumb Line Navigation
None Rhumb Line Navigation
All of the above True north Navigation
None Variation Navigation
Pressure Variation Navigation
Pressure Deviation Navigation
562 nm 652 Nm Navigation
None 652.25 Nm Navigation
Di-Pole Either Poles Navigation
Relative Bearing Relative Bearing Navigation

Pin point Fix Navigation

None Anti-clockwise Navigation

Meridian Great Circle Navigation
All of the above All of the above Navigation
RNAV track Great Circle track Navigation
Depends as per position Convex Navigation
Never Inc Latitude Navigation
All of the above All of the above Navigation
None Own centre of curvature Navigation
23.5 Deg 180 Deg Navigation
None Smaller arc Navigation
None Contours Navigation
1 Navigation
None Both Navigation
Acceleration Speed Navigation
TAS TAS Navigation
Dew Point Temp Absolute Temp Navigation
None Hypotenuse Navigation
60 30 Navigation
0 Navigation
Can not be determined Dec in IAS Navigation
1 Navigation
All of the above All of the above Navigation
0 Navigation
1 Navigation
1 Navigation
1 Navigation

20% 10% Navigation

None None Navigation
None None Navigation
PET PNR Navigation
PET CP Navigation
20 18 Navigation
None 5 Navigation
4 1 Navigation
4 4 Navigation
2 1.7 Navigation
3 2 Navigation
7 6 Navigation
none Sensitivity Navigation
67.5 deg 66.5 deg Navigation
67.5 deg 23.5 deg Navigation
oblate spheroid oblate spheroid Navigation
5400 nm 4800 nm Navigation
5400 nm 5400 nm Navigation
090 (T) 20460 270 (T) 1140 Navigation
all of the above All of the above Navigation
a and c a and c Navigation

depends on whether the latitude 10800 nm Navigation

is N or S
sine of the longitude cosine of the latitude Navigation
090 (T) 386 270 (T) 386 Navigation
none of the above vertical interval Navigation
265 deg 085 deg Navigation
none 079 deg Navigation
none 10 sin 30 Navigation
267° 097° Navigation
none/none Navigation
14 12 Navigation
15 Min 30 Min Navigation
0908z 0908z Navigation
15 Hrs 18 Hrs Navigation
1 Min 1 Min Navigation

468 Nm 386 Nm Navigation

405 nm 395 Nm Navigation
none further from base Navigation
dist to PNR remains the same dist to PNR remains the same Navigation

tail winds on outbound head winds on outbound Navigation

720 nm 700 nm Navigation
both a & c Nil winds Navigation
Can not be determined 115 Nm Navigation
As per situation Normal TAS Navigation
550 nm 450 or 550 nm depending on the Navigation
wind dir
nearer to Europe on westerly nearer to north America on all Navigation
flights flights
increase/ none increase/ none Navigation
20% 10% Navigation
all of the above All of the above Navigation
none both Navigation
15°N 20°N Navigation
3370 nm 3730 nm Navigation
6060 nm 7070 nm Navigation
12120 nm 10120 nm Navigation
5590 nm 5590 nm Navigation
2400 nm 3600 nm Navigation
2400 nm 5400 nm Navigation
1420 nm 1140 nm Navigation
237° 211° Navigation
160°T 020°T Navigation
1100 hrs 1100 hrs Navigation

one of the foci one of the foci Navigation

365 days 365.25 days Navigation
23.5° 66.5° Navigation
23.5° 23.5° Navigation
rotation of earth tilting of earth's axis Navigation
Both a & c duration of daylight is less in Navigation
Northern Hemisphere
nights are of equal duration in nights are of equal duration Navigation
the northern hemisphere only
Aphelion Perihelion Navigation
Equally distributed Southern hemisphere Navigation
Magnetic True Navigation
Rhumb line, Great circle Navigation
North Navigation
All of the above All of the above Navigation
None Angles Navigation
Hour Degree Navigation
600 3600 Navigation
600 60 Navigation
None Arctic circle Navigation
Same Poles Navigation
Light Years Kilometre Navigation
800 750 Navigation
15% 10% Navigation
None 50°N Navigation
tail winds on outbound tail winds on outbound Navigation
14 10 Navigation
None Civil Navigation
None Nautical Navigation
None Astronomical Navigation
None Astronomical Navigation
None Civil Navigation
transparency Refraction Navigation
below Navigation
None Anti-clockwise Navigation
None Equator Navigation
24 min 6 min Navigation
Sorth Navigation
Light Years Metre Navigation
None Isoclinal Navigation
None Isogonal Navigation
None Agonic Navigation
None Aclinic Navigation
90 deg 90 deg Navigation
90 deg 0 deg Navigation
30 sec gain 15 sec loss Navigation
none 76 Navigation
none 41 Navigation
none 5280 Navigation
Fix Ground Navigation
Fix Air Navigation
Fix DR Navigation
3280 feet 1852 meters Navigation
3280 feet 6076.1 feet Navigation
Grid 1 Navigation
Contours Navigation
280 280 Navigation
283 262 Navigation
485 Kts 470 Kts Navigation
485 Kts 480 Kts Navigation
270 Kts 270 Kts Navigation
521 Kts 531 kts Navigation
485 Kts 485 kts Navigation
2896 Nm 2689 Nm Navigation
7357 Nm 5357 Nm Navigation
7008 Nm 7008 Nm Navigation
9873 Nm 9973 Nm Navigation
7032 Nm 7230 nm Navigation
None 6 Nm Navigation
9° 3° Navigation
40° 20° Navigation
11° Stbd 11° Port Navigation

None 1200 Ft Navigation

None 1350 ft Navigation
800 ft/min 700 ft/min Navigation
500 ft/min 540 ft/min Navigation
None 100 ft/min Navigation
None 5° Navigation
None 13.7 Nm Navigation
5 km 5 Km Navigation
1/1900000 1/2000000 Navigation
None 2.56 in Navigation
None 3.1 in Navigation
None 1/500000 Navigation
None None Navigation
None 1/500000 Navigation
None 1/500000 Navigation
None 1/1000000 Navigation
None 1/116740 Navigation
None 1/500000 Navigation
None None Navigation
None Cylindrical Navigation
Convergent Rectangular Navigation
151°T 139°T Navigation
337°T 331°T Navigation
249°T 249°T Navigation
21-Sep early January Navigation
21-Sep early July Navigation
Jan & Jul Mar & Sep Navigation
at the Solstices at the Equinoxes Navigation
1 Navigation
1 Navigation
1800 Nm 5400Nm Navigation
Divergence Divergence Navigation
Not possible to determine Less than 225 Navigation
21Nm 14Nm Navigation
None of the above Rhumb lines Navigation
1/300 Navigation
None Half convergency Navigation
None 1/10,000 Navigation
None of the above Less at equator and more at pole Navigation
4 mins Navigation
One One Navigation
Convergency Navigation
Longitude of point Great circleTrack Navigation
None of the above Rhumb line track Navigation
GEOREF is not used by the IAF It is eminently suitable for transmis Navigation
Constant at any point Poles Navigation
None 120 Navigation
Depends on then GMT. Less than 60 nm Navigation
None Change of long x Sin Lat Navigation
None 1.2888888889 Navigation
100m on ground Navigation
Meridians are straight lines Navigation
One deg along the meridians. Navigation
Stereographic Orthomorphic Navigation
None Conical Navigation
None Conical Navigation
Small circle Great circle Navigation
None of the above Homolographic Navigation
None of the above. Lamber`s Conformal Orthomorphic Pr Navigation
none of the above Lamber`s conformal Orthomorphic prNavigation
None of the above Concave Navigation
None of these None of these Navigation
10 Kts Navigation
(b) or (c) Higher Navigation
All this information Winds at upper levels Navigation
276 296 Navigation
 Compass North Magnetic North Navigation
More than 210 Less than 210 Navigation
True tracks Mag tracks Navigation
IAS & TAS reduce at the same raIAS reduces at a faster rate than TANavigation
higher TAS Navigation
2° Navigation
Reduces Navigation
634 Kts 614 Kts Navigation
1225 864 Navigation
None None Navigation
Fixed by GPS/INU only As observed visually Navigation
Fix Fix Navigation
None of the above Bearings and observations Navigation
(a) or (b) Destination Navigation
Remain same Navigation
May increase or decrease dependi Decrease Navigation
None of the above Starting point Navigation
In an area with no radar cover At equal time from both Navigation
O+H /DH DH / O+H Navigation
Will remain at the same position bWill remain at the same position but Navigation
932 km 932 km Navigation
400 kts for 02 mins 372 kts for 10 mins Navigation
30 deg dogleg for 1 min each sid 60 deg dogleg for 1 min each side Navigation
092° 88° Navigation
None of the above 30 seconds Navigation
9 hrs 18 hrs Navigation
870 for 15 mts 840 for 71/2 mts Navigation
¼ the leg time 1/3 the leg time Navigation
none 281 kts Navigation
017 deg 019 deg Navigation
Relative bearing of Ground StatioMagnetic bearing of Ground Station Navigation
Left Navigation
Less than 270° Navigation
020 deg Navigation
A DGI Navigation
none 030 deg Navigation
259° 275° Navigation
Magnetic Poles Magnetic Equator Navigation
will perform equally well The same compass will perform equa Navigation
None of the above Keep the needle horizontal and caterNavigation
Magnetic equator Magnetic equator Navigation
Turn clockwise and show apparent Turn clockwise and show apparent tu Navigation
Dip Dip Navigation
±10° ±10° Navigation
None of these None of these Navigation
Isotopes Isogonals Navigation
Equator Navigation
Along Isogonal Poles Navigation
Isotherm Isogonal Navigation
Dev W - Dev E / 2 Dev N - Dev S/2 Navigation
 None of these N&S Navigation
1700 h 1500 h Navigation
16 deg 6 deg Navigation
900 km 800 km Navigation
0440 hrs 0440 hrs Navigation
25 25 Navigation
100Nm 90Nm Navigation
deviation check ground speed check Navigation
an 8 degree decrase an 8 degree decrase Navigation
100(T) 104(T) Navigation
5833N 17348.5W 5833N 17340W Navigation
0400N 170°01.8’W 0400N 169°58.1’W Navigation
South South Navigation
Straight lines Straight lines Navigation
ellipsoid oblate spheroid Navigation
both statements are correct both statements are correct Navigation
correct if the two points are at dif not correct Navigation
6080 feet 1852 m Navigation
6880 3440 Navigation
1/10000 of the distance from the 1/10000 of the distance from the equNavigation
used in aviation is established fo increases with altitude Navigation
a straight line on any chart a line on the earth of constant true dNavigation
a G/C for all practical purposes e a R/L and in a special case can als Navigation
1800 3600 Navigation
1800 5400 Navigation
both a and b both a and b Navigation
the R/L lies on the equatorial sid the R/L always lies on the equatorialNavigation
none of the above cosine of the latitude Navigation
both b and c both b and c Navigation
back bearing is the reciprocal of relative bearing and back bearing a Navigation
many rhumb lines and many greatonly one rhumb line and many greatNavigation
along the same meridians, the equ along the same meridian and the eqNavigation
North Pole and antemeridian of North Pole and antemeridian of Gre Navigation
none of the above max at equator Navigation
over north pole over north pole Navigation
ratio of equatorial diameter to polratio of equatorial diameter to polar Navigation
none of the above hachures Navigation
none of the above vertical interval Navigation
none of the above the ground speed is less than TAS on Navigation
if the RAS is 98 knots and the IA if the TAS is 120 knots then G/S willNavigation
and G/S; wind direction and velocity hdg and TAS; track and G/S; wind dir Navigation
b and c the hdg/TAS and w/v vectors alwaysNavigation
is not calculated since none of t is a mean wind Navigation
none of the above mean w/v is ideal Navigation
all of the above TE to present heading Navigation
none of the above knowledge of hdg and TAS flown onNavigation
depends upon the time between w local w/v Navigation
all of the above all of the above Navigation
none of the above perpendicular to the TMG Navigation
no change 1 min late Navigation
a/h by 18° and f ly for 8 min a/h by 18° and fly for 4 min Navigation
speed should be decreased by 25speed should be decreased by 25 kts Navigation
downwind of track by wind effect downwind of track by wind effect of Navigation
a rate one turn by 90 deg methoda 30 deg dog leg, each leg = 6 minsNavigation
parallelogram isosceles triangle Navigation
110 % of reduced TAS reduced TAS Navigation
nearer to Europe on easterly flighnearer to north America on all flightsNavigation
to obtain the distance of the PET to obtain the distance of the PET fr Navigation
none of the above CP moves towards destination Navigation
when distance between the base ground
a speed out and home are equNavigation
nil winds head winds on outbound Navigation
posn of CP moves closer to dep dist to PNR remains the same Navigation
not move PET away from its nil wimove the PET(point of equal time) inNavigation
none of the above further from base Navigation
CODE FLIGHT
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight

A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight
A Flight