Session stylistics

Session stylistics
1.Stylistics - as a linguistic science

2.Stylistics and its relations with other
linguistic sciences
3.Stylistic lexicology
Stylistic lexicology is a branch of the
stylistics which is deeply interested in the
study of
lexical units of the vocabulary which deals
with a
specific vocabulary belonging to literary and
colloquial layers of the language. They are
deeply
investigated in the works of such scholars as
Galperin I.R.(1977), Bobokhonova L.Т. (1995),
Ivashkin М.P. (1999), Skrebnyov M.Y. (2000),
Quronov D. (2004), Znamenskaya T.A. (2008),
Kukhrenko V.А. (2009), Esin A.B. (2010) and
others. Most of the mentioned scholars
propose
the study of words in clusters. So, the
appropriate
method of investigating lexicon is dividing
them
into three layers literary, neutral and
colloquial.
As it is known lexicology is the branch of
linguistics that studies the stock of words
(thelexicon) in a given language whereas
stylistic
lexicology deals with words which carry
stylistic
coloring and thus create expressiveness.
These
words are inherent in the language and make
up
vocabulary. Unlike stylistic devices
investigated
in the stylistic semasiology they do not
depend on
context, on the contrary context requires the
usage
of such words. In the research text or
scientific
discourse the abundant usage of terms is
presupposed. For instance, if we read an
excerpt
from article, on textile industry we meet
abundant
of terms connected with the very sphere of
science. Stylistic lexicology is deeply
interested in
stylistic differentiation of word-stock due to
three
layers: neutral words, literary words and
colloquial words. This type of grouping is
suggested by Prof. I.R. Galperin in his book
“Stylistics”2
. According to his distinction literary
and colloquial layers of whole word-stock of
the
English language have their own subgroups
whereas literary layer of vocabulary consists
of
legitimate members of vocabulary and they
do not
possess local or dialectal character. Thus, the
following classification of the English word-
stock
is suggested by the scholar.
Special literary vocabulary
Standard
English
vocabulary
Special colloquial
vocabulary
Terms
Archaic words
Poetic words
Nonce-words
Barbarisms
Neutral words
Slang
Jargon
Professionalism
Dialectal words
Vulgarism
Nonce-words
Neutral words
Neutral words form the lexical backbone of all
functional styles. Usually they are understood
and
accepted by all English-speaking people.
Separated from the context they do not carry
stylistic coloring. Only in the context when
their
meaning stands in the various types of
interactions
they can acquire stylistic coloring. Being the
mainsource of synonymy and polysemy,
neutral words
easily produce new meanings and stylistic
variants. Compare: log = 1) a section of the
trunk
or a main branch of a tree, when stripped of
branches; 2) log = a detailed record of a
voyage
of a ship or aircraft; 3) log = cut down (an
area of
forest) in order to exploit the timber
commercially, 4) to sleep like a log = to sleep
very
well without being woken by any voice.
Special literary vocabulary
Special literary vocabulary or bookish words
are mainly used in writing and in polished
speech.
They form stylistic opposition to their
colloquial
synonyms. Compare: infant (bookish) = child
(neutral) = kid (colloquial); parent (bookish) =
father (neutral) = daddy (colloquial); maiden
(bookish) = girl (neutral) = flapper
(colloquial);
police officer (bookish) = policeman (neutral)
=
cop (colloquial); garment (bookish) = clothes
(neutral) = kit (colloquial).
Terms are the words which denote
objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique in a particular kind of
language or field of study. Most of the terms
are
understood by the narrow specialists and they
can
be used mostly in scientific style. But the use
of
terms is not confined to only scientific style.
They
are successfully implemented in literary style
as
well
Archaic words. Archaism comes from the
Greek word archaios and means „ancient‟.3
In the
course of language history they are ousted by
newer synonymic words.
“Methinks it is like a weasel.” (William
Shakespeare)
Archaic words are not used in present day
speech but they can be found in historical
works
to create authenticity and describe more
vividly
the epoch and its coloring. Such words can be
example for archaisms: anon – in a little while
or
soon, methinks – it seems to me, palfrey – a
small
horse, troth – faith, losel – worthless fellow,
cease
– to die, apothecary – pharmacist, damsel –
ayoung unmarried woman, poesy – poetry,
maketh
– make, thee – you.
Poetic words are the words with highly
stylistic coloring and elevated mood. They are
usually used belles-lettres style to make the
text
vivid and imbue with sense. “Poetic words are
mostly archaic or very rarely used highly
literary
words which aim at producing an elevated
effect.
They have a marked tendency to detach
themselves from the common literary word-
stock
and gradually assume the quality of terms
denoting certain definite notions and calling
forth
poetic diction.
Poetic words and expressions are called upon
to sustain the special elevated atmosphere of
poetry. This may be said to be the main
function
of poetic words.”4
The following words can be
example for poetic words: steed – horse,
quoth –
said, woe – sorrow, horse – steed, valley –
vale,
fire – devouring element, welkin – sky, morrow
–
the next day, foe – opponent or enemy,
decease –
to die.
Nonce-words (also called an
occasionalism) is a word coined to suit one
particular occasion. They are the “words for
once”
created for a single occasion to solve an
immediate problem of communication. These
words appear in the context and rarely pass
into
the language. Literary nonce words are
usually
formed by means of affixes.
Surface knowingness, sevenish (around
seven o‟clock), morish (a little more) and so
on. Barbarism (Foreignism) comes from Latin
word barbarous and means foreign.5
These are the words of foreign origin. Unlike
borrowings these words are not the part of the
language. In the literary text they are used to
create the foreign atmosphere in the speech
of the
literary personages and need a special
decoding to
be understood. This is the pragmatic manner
of
conveying the speech peculiar to the foreign
heroes in the book. As for example in the
short
story by C.Donnel “Recipe for Murder”
thheroine Madame Chalon of French origin
uses
many French words in her dialogue with
inspector Miron.
4.Stylistic phonetics
5.Stylistic syntax

Session stylistics

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Session stylistics

1.Stylistics - as a linguistic science

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