Helwan University

Faculty Of Engineering

Math I
Part II : Integration_ Fall 2024

Tarek S. T. Ali
Emeritus Professor

Department of Mathematics

e-mail: tarek.s.t.ali62@gmail.com

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Chapter 2 - page # 162

Methods of Integration

2.1 Integration of Trigonometric Func.

2.2 Integration Table of Trigonometric Func.

2.3Integration of Quadratic Trigonometric Func.

  xd x
n n
2.4 Integration of sin x d x & cos n is a positive even integer

 
n n
2.5 Integration of sin x d x & cos xd x n is a positive odd integer

2.6 Evaluating Integrals of the Form  R(sin x, cos x) dx

2.7 Integration of Hyperbolic Func.

2.8 Integration by Removing Roots

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Trigonometric identities are useful for evaluating some integrals

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Integration of Quadratic Trigonometric Functions

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
  sin x d x &  cos x d x
n n
Integration of

I- where n is a positive even integer.

II- where n is a positive odd integer.

For these types of integrals, we follow the same

method used to evaluate the integral of

2 2
sin x & cos x.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
  sin
4
Ex 1 page # 164 xd x
Solution (n is a positive even integer)

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Ex 3 page # 165 dx
 sin 2 x cos 2 x
Solution (n is a positive even integer)

dx sin x + cos x
2 2

 sin 2 x cos2 x =  sin 2 x cos2 x d x

dx dx
= 2
+ 2
cos x sin x
=  (sec 2 x + csc 2 x) d x = tan x − cot x
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 OR

Notice that the previous integral can be evaluated by

another method as follows:

dx
 sin 2 x cos2 x =  sec x csc x d x =  sec x(1 + cot x) d x
2 2 2 2

=  (sec x + sec x cot x) d x

2 2 2

=  (sec x + csc x) d x = tan x − cot x

2 2

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 
5
Ex 1 page # 166 cos x d x
Solution (n is a positive odd integer)

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Integration of
න𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒎 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

I- where at least one of n or m is a positive odd integer

II- where both of n and m is a positive even integer

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
  sin
Ex 1 page # 167 2
x cos x d x 3

Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
  sin
Ex 1 page # 168 2 4
x cos x d x
Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Postpone

 tan  sec
n n
xd x & xdx

න𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒎 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

after
Integration by parts

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Evaluating Integrals of the rational function page # 170

dx dx dx dx dx
 a  b sin x ,  a  b cos x ,  a + sin x + cos x ,  a sin x + b cos x ,  a + b sec x
The question is how to deal with it?
To solve any of the above integrals we use the substitution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 dx
Ex 1 page # 170  5 + 4 cos x
Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Integration by Removing Roots

Sometimes the integrands of certain integrals involve radical

expressions in the forms

a −x
2 2
, a +x
2 2
, x −a 2 2

The question is how to deal with it?

Each of such integrals can be evaluated by using a suitable

trigonometric or hyperbolic substitution.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 1
Ex 2 page # 179
 d x.
x 2
5− x 2
Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 1
Ex 4 page # 180  d x.
(10 + x ) 2
3

Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Ex 6 page # 182 x −9
2
 x
dx.

Solution

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Arc Length

Pythagorean Theorem
(𝒅𝑳)𝟐 = (𝒅𝒙)𝟐 + +(𝒅𝒚)𝟐

𝟐
𝒅𝒚
= 𝟏+ (𝒅𝒙)𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝟐
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝑳 = 𝟏+ 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Ex 1 page # 252
1 2
Find the arc length of the curve y = x , x = 0, x = 1
Solution 2
𝒃 𝟏 𝟏

𝑳 = න 𝟏 + 𝒚′ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 =
𝒂 𝟎 𝟎
𝝅Τ 𝟒 𝝅Τ𝟒Integration by removing root
=න 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝜽 . 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 = න 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑 𝜽 𝒅𝜽 =
𝟎 𝟎
𝟏 𝝅/𝟒 𝟏
[𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 + 𝐥𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽] 𝟎 = [ 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐧( 𝟏 + 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Ex 3 page # 253
Find the arc length of the curve
3 4
y = e , x = ln , x = ln
x

4 3
Solution 𝟒
𝐥𝐧𝟑
𝟒
𝐥𝐧𝟑

𝑳= න 𝟏 + 𝒆𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = න 𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟑 𝟑
𝐥𝐧𝟒 𝐥𝐧𝟒

𝒖= 𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐𝒙 ⇒ 𝟏 + 𝒆𝟐𝒙 = 𝒖𝟐 ⇒ 𝒖𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒃
𝒖𝟐
⇒ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒖𝒅𝒖Τ 𝒖𝟐 − 𝟏 ⇒ න 𝟐 𝒅𝒖
𝒖 −𝟏
𝒂
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 Class Ended

Next Class

Integration of Hyperbolic Functions

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
 nd of the Lecture
E

Let Learning Continue

Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig

Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.