Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
4 views

Assignment

Degree of Freedom

Uploaded by

jairusfam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Assignment

Degree of Freedom

Uploaded by

jairusfam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

DEGREE OF FREEDOM

In the context of mechanics and engineering, the term "degree of freedom" (DOF) refers to
the number of independent ways in which a dynamic system can move without violating any
constraints. In simpler terms, it represents the number of independent parameters that
define the system's configuration.

SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM (SINGLE DOF) SYSTEM:

 A single DOF system is one that can move or vibrate in only one independent direction
or plane.
 Example: A simple pendulum or a mass-spring system. The motion of the pendulum can
be described entirely by one coordinate, usually the angular displacement from the
vertical.

MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MULTI-DOF) SYSTEM:

 A multi-DOF system is one that can move or vibrate in more than one independent
direction or plane.
 Example: A double pendulum (two pendulums connected), a building during an
earthquake, or a car's suspension system. For the double pendulum, you need two
coordinates to fully describe its motion, usually the angular displacements of each
pendulum arm.

FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF MOTION (SDOF)

m𝒖̈(t) + c𝒖̇ (t) + ku (t) = p(t)

Where:

𝒖̈, 𝒙̈= represent the second derivatives with respect to time or acceleration
m = mass in kg

𝒖̇, 𝒙̇ = represent the first derivatives with respect to time or velocity


c = damping coefficient

k = stiffness (In structural engineering, the term 'stiffness' refers to the rigidity of a
structural element. In general terms, this means the extent to which the element is able
to resist deformation or deflection under the action of an applied force).
u, x = displacement
FIGURE (a) SDOF SYSTEM

Considering Figure above, the forces resisting the applied loading are considered as;

2. A force proportional to velocity, 𝒖̇ (the damping force)


1. A force proportional to displacement, u (the usual static stiffness)

3. A force proportional to acceleration, 𝒖̈ (D’ Alembert’s Inertial Force)

By symbolic Equation:
F stiffness + F damping + F inertia = F applied
Where:
F stiffness = ku
F damping = c𝒖̇
F inertia = ma or m𝒖̈

m𝒖̈(t) + c𝒖̇ (t) + ku (t) = F(t)


THUS: Equation of motion for Single degree of freedom system is

FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF MOTION (MDOF)


Consider the 3 degree-of-freedom system,
There are 3 degrees of freedom in this problem since to fully characterize the system we
must know the positions of the three masses (x1, x2, and x3). Three free body diagrams are
needed to form the equations of motion. However, it is also possible to form the coefficient
matrices directly, since each parameter in a mass-dashpot-spring system has a very
distinguishable role.

The equations of motion can be obtained from free body diagrams, based on the Newton's
second law of motion, F = m*a.
The equations of motion can therefore be expressed as,

In matrix form the equations become,

You might also like