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    You are on page 1of 3

    Ecole Polytechnique de Thies DIC1 Aerospace Aerodynamics I Dr

    Birame SY

    Tutorial 5: Finite wing and Lifting Line Theory (1/2)

    Exercise 1: Influence of Downwash on the Tailplane


    The tailplane of an aircraft is at distance x behind the wing center of pressure
    and in the plane of the vortex trail (Figure 1). The wing is supposed to have
    span b and an elliptic distribution of circulation with a maximum Γ0 at the root.

    Figure 1: Geometry and definitions for computing downwash on a tailplane.

    1. Find the circulation Γeq of an equivalent constant circulation wing of span b.


    This new wing should deliver the same lift as the previous one.
    2. Find the span beq of a second equivalent wing with constant circulation Γ0. 3.
    For the first model, compute the downwash at the mid-span point P of the
    tailplane cause by the wing.
    4. Deduce the downwash angle ϵ at P. Using the Kutta-Joukovski theorem,
    express ϵ as a function of the wing lift coefficient CL, the wing aspect ratio AR. 5.
    Compute the derivative of the downwash angle ∂ϵ/∂α with respect to angle of
    attack, as a function of the CL slope ∂CL/∂α and the aspect ratio AR. 6. If α is
    increased by one degree, what is the increment on ϵ for a wing span b = 8 m, a
    wing area S = 9 m2 and a distance x = 4 m?
    Page 1 of 2
    Exercise 2: Ground effect
    The ground effect on an approaching airplane can be modelled by a
    mirror model as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
    1. Compute the change in downwash ∆w at y along the span produced by
    the image wing on the physical wing.
    2. Express this local reduction of drag (∆D)′ due to that change of
    downwash. Then integrate it along the span to get the total reduction of
    drag ∆D. 3. An airplane of weight W and span s is flying horizontally near
    the ground at altitude h and speed V . If W = 22 104 N, h = 15.2 m, s =
    27.4 m and V = 45 m/s, calculate the reduction of drag ∆D in Newtons.

    Figure 2: Horseshoe vortex for the wing (solid line) and image vortex (dashed lines).
    Figure 3: Upwind view showing geometry and definitions for ground effects. Page 2

    Page 2 of 2

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