‭Chapter 1‬

‭Real Numbers‬

‭1.‬‭Activity on Real Numbers‬

I‭n a classroom activity on real numbers, the students have to pick a number card from a pile‬
‭and frame a question on it if it is not a rational number for the rest of the class. The number‬
‭cards picked up by the first 5 students and their questions on the numbers for the rest of the‬
‭class are shown below. Answer them.‬
‭(i) Suraj picked up √8 and his question was - Which of the following is true about √8?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭It is a natural number‬
‭(b)‬ ‭It is an irrational number‬
‭(c)‬ ‭It is a rational number‬
‭(d)‬ ‭None of these‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭ ere‬ ‭8‬= ‭2‬ × ‭2‬ × ‭2‬= ‭2‬ ‭2‬
H
‭product of rational and irrational numbers = irrational number‬
‭Hence, it is an irrational number.‬
‭Option b is correct.‬
‭(ii) Shreya picked up 'BONUS' and asked: Which of the following is not irrational?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭3‬ − ‭4‬ ‭5‬
‭(b)‬ ‭7‬− ‭6‬
‭(c)‬ ‭2‬ + ‭2‬ ‭9‬
‭(d)‬ ‭4‬ ‭11‬− ‭6‬
‭ nswer:(c)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭Here‬ ‭9‬= ‭3‬ × ‭3‬= ‭3‬
‭ o,‬‭2‬ + ‭2‬ ‭9‬ ‭= 2 + 6 = 8, which is not irrational.‬
S
‭Option c is correct.‬

‭(iii) Ananya picked up‬ ‭15‬− ‭10‬ ‭and her question was‬− ‭15‬− ‭10‬ ‭is. number.‬
‭(a)‬ ‭a natural‬
‭(b)‬ ‭an irrational‬
‭(c) a whole‬
‭(d) a rational‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭ ere‬ ‭15‬ ‭and‬ ‭10‬ ‭are both irrational and difference of two irrational numbers is also‬
H
‭irrational.‬
‭Option b is correct.‬
‭1‬ ‭1‬
‭(iv) Suman picked up‬ ‭and her question was‬− ‭is _____________ number?‬
‭5‬ ‭5‬
(‭ a)‬ ‭a whole‬
‭(b)‬ ‭a rational‬
‭(c) an irrational‬
 (‭ d) a natural‬
‭Answer:(c)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭ s‬‭‬ ‭5‬ ‭is irrational, so its reciprocal is also‬‭irrational.‬
A
‭Option c is correct.‬

‭(v) Preethi picked up‬ ‭6‬ ‭and her question was -‬‭Which of the following is not irrational?‬
‭(a)‬‭15‬ + ‭3‬ ‭6‬
‭(b)‬ ‭24‬− ‭9‬
‭5‬
‭(c)‬ ‭150‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭ nswer:(d)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭We know that‬ ‭6‬ ‭is irrational.‬
‭So,‬‭15‬ + ‭3‬ ‭6‬ ‭is irrational.‬
‭Similarly,‬ ‭24‬− ‭9‬ = ‭4‬ × ‭6‬− ‭9‬ = ‭2‬ ‭6‬− ‭9‬ ‭is irrational.‬
‭5‬ ‭5‬ ‭1‬
‭And‬ ‭150‬ = = ‭is irrational.‬
‭5‬ ‭6‬ ‭6‬
‭Option d is correct.‬

‭2. Exponential Laws‬

‭ rikanth has made a project on real numbers, where he finely explained the applicability of‬
S
‭exponential laws and divisibility conditions on real numbers. He also included some‬
‭assessment questions at the end of his project as listed below. Answer them.‬

‭𝑛‬
‭(i) For what value of n,‬‭4‬ ‭ends in 0?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭10‬
‭(b)‬ ‭when n is even‬
‭(c) when n is odd‬
‭(d) no value of n‬
‭Answer:(d)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭𝑛‬ ‭2‭𝑛
‬‬ ‭2‬‭𝑛‬
‭For a number to end in zero it must be divisible by 5, but‬‭4‬ ‭=‬‭2‬ = ‭2‬ ‭is never divisible‬‭by‬
‭𝑛‬
‭ . So,‬‭4‬ ‭never ends in zero for any value of‬‭n.‬
5
‭Option d is correct.‬

(‭ ii) If a is a positive rational number and n is a positive integer greater than 1, then for what‬
‭value of n, a" is a rational number?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭when n is any even integer‬
‭(b)‬ ‭when n is any odd integer‬
‭(c) for all n>1‬
‭(d) only when n = 0‬
‭ nswer:(c)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭We know that the product of two rational numbers is also a rational number.‬
‭2‬
‭So,‬‭𝑎‬ = ‭𝑎‬ × ‭𝑎‬ ‭= rational number‬
‭3‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑎‬ = ‭𝑎‬ × ‭𝑎‬ ‭=rational number‬
‭4‬ ‭3‬
‭ ‬ = ‭𝑎‬ × ‭𝑎‬ ‭= rational number‬
𝑎
‭—---------------------------------------------------‬
‭—-------------------------------------------------‬
‭𝑛‬ ‭𝑛‬−‭1‬
‭ ‬ = ‭𝑎‬ × ‭𝑎‬ ‭=rational number.‬
𝑎
‭Option c is correct.‬

‭(iii) If x and y are two odd positive integers, then which of the following is true?‬
‭(a) x² + y² is even‬
‭(b) x² + y² is not divisible by 4‬
‭(c) x² + y² is odd‬
‭(d) both (a) and (b)‬
‭Answer:(d)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭Let‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭2‭𝑚
‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‭𝑦
‬ ‭‬‬ = ‭‭2
‬ ‬‭𝑘‭‬‬ + ‭‭1
‬‬
‭Then x² + y²= (2m + 1)² + (2k + 1)²‬
‭= 4m² + 4m + 1 + 4k² + 4k + 1‬
‭= 4(m² + k² + m + k) + 2‬
‭So, it is even but not divisible by 4.‬
‭Option d is correct.‬

‭(iv) The statement 'One of every three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 3' is‬
‭(a) always true‬
‭(b) sometimes true‬
‭(c) always false‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(a)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭Let three consecutive positive integers be n,‬
‭n+1 and n + 2.‬
‭We know that when a number is divided by 3, the remainder obtained is either 0, 1, or 2. So,‬
‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‭3 ‬ ‬‭𝑝‭‬‬‭𝑜𝑟‬‭‬‭3‭𝑝 ‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭2‬‭, where p is some integer.‬
‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1‭‬‬‭𝑜𝑟‬‭‬‭3‭𝑝
‭If‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‭3 ‬ ‬‭𝑝‬‭, then n is divisible by 3.‬
‭If‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‭3 ‬ ‬‭𝑝‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1‭,‬ then‬‭𝑛‬ + ‭2‬ = ‭3‭𝑝 ‬ ‬ + ‭1‬ + ‭2‬ = ‭3‭𝑝‬ ‬ + ‭3‬ = ‭3(‬ ‭𝑝‬ + ‭1)‬ ‭is divisible‬‭by 3.‬
‭If‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‭3 ‬ ‬‭𝑝‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭2‭,‬ then‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ + ‭‭1 ‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‭3‬ ‭𝑝
‬ ‬ + ‭2‬ + ‭1‬ = ‭3‭𝑝
‬ ‬ + ‭3‬ = ‭3‬(‭𝑝‬ + ‭1)‬
‭is divisible by 3.‬
‭So, we can say that one of the numbers among n, n + 1, and n + 2 is always divisible by 3‬
‭Option a is correct.‬

‭(v) If n is any odd integer, then n² - 1 is divisible by‬

‭(a) 22‬
‭(b) 55‬
 (‭ c) 88‬
‭(d) 8‬

‭ nswer:(d)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭Any odd number is of the form of (2k+1), where k is any integer.‬
‭2‬
‭ o,‬‭𝑛‬‭²‬ − ‭1‭‬‬ = ‭‬(‭2‭𝑘
S ‬ ‬ + ‭1)‬ − ‭1‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑘
‬‬
‭For‬‭𝑘‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭1,‬ ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭8‬‭, which is divisible by 8.‬
‭Similarly, for‬‭𝑘‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭2,‬ ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭24‬‭, which is divisible‬‭by 8.‬
‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑘
‭And for‬‭𝑘‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭3,‬ ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑘 ‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭48‬‭, which is also divisible‬‭by 8.‬
‭So,‬‭4‬‭𝑘‬‭²‬‭‬ + ‭‭4
‬ ‬‭𝑘‬ ‭is divisible by 8 for all integers‬‭k, i.e., n² - 1‬
‭is divisible by 8 for all odd values of n.‬

‭3. Daily Life Situations‬

‭ eal numbers are extremely useful in everyday life. That is probably one of the main‬
R
‭reasons we all learn how to count add and subtract from a very young age. Real numbers‬
‭help us to count and measure quantities of different items in various fields like retail, buying,‬
‭catering, publishing, etc. Every normal person uses real numbers in his daily life. After‬
‭knowing the importance of real numbers, try and improve your knowledge about them by‬
‭answering the following questions on real-life situations.‬

(‭ i) Three people go for a morning walk together from the same place. Their steps measure‬
‭80 cm, 85 cm, and 90 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance traveled when they‬
‭meet for the first time after starting the walk assuming that their walking speed is the same?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭6120 cm‬
‭(b)‬ ‭12240 cm‬
‭(c) 4080 cm‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭4‬ ‭2‬
‭ ere 80 =‬‭2‬ × ‭5‭,‬ 85 = 17 x 5 and 90 = 2 x‬‭3‬ ‭x 5‬
H
‭L.C.M of 80, 85, and 90 = 2‬‭4‬ ‭× 3 × 3 × 5 × 17 = 12240‬
‭Hence, the minimum distance each should walk when the first time is 12240 cm.‬

(‭ ii) In a school Independence Day parade, a group of 594 students need to march behind a‬
‭band of 189 members. The two groups have to march in the same number of columns. What‬
‭is the maximum number of columns in which they can march?‬
‭(a)‬ ‭9‬
‭(b)‬ ‭6‬
‭(c) 27‬
‭(d) 29‬

‭ nswer:(c)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭Here 594 = 2 × 3‬‭3‬ ‭× 11 and 189 = 3‬‭3‬‭× 7‬
‭HCF of 594 and 189 = 3‬‭3‭=‬
27‬
‭Hence, the maximum number of columns in which they can march is 27.‬

(‭ iii) Two tankers contain 768 liters and 420 liters of fuel respectively. Find the maximum‬
‭capacity of the container which can measure the fuel of either tanker exactly.‬
‭(a)‬ ‭4 litres‬
‭(b)‬ ‭7 litres‬
‭(c) 12 litres‬
‭(d) 18 litres‬
‭Answer:(c)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭Here 768 = 2‬‭8‬‭x 3 and 420 = 2‬‭2‬ ‭x 3 x 5 x 7‬
‭HCF of 768 and 420 = 2‬‭2‬ ‭x 3 = 12‬
‭So, the container that can measure the fuel of either tanker exactly must be 12 liters.‬

(‭ iv) The dimensions of a room are 8 m 25 cm, 6 m 75 cm, and 4 m 50 cm. Find the length of‬
‭the largest measuring rod that can measure the dimensions of the room exactly.‬
‭(a)‬ ‭1 m 25 cm‬
‭(b)‬ ‭75 cm‬
‭(c) 90 cm‬
‭(d) 1 m 35 cm‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭Here, Length = 825 cm, Breadth = 675 cm and Height = 450 cm‬
‭Also, 825 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 11,‬
‭675 = 5 x 5 x 3 x 3 x 3‬
‭and 450 = 2 x 3 x3x5x5‬
‭HCF = 5 x 5 x 3 = 75‬
‭Therefore, the length of the longest rod which can measure the three dimensions of the‬
‭room exactly is 75 cm.‬

(‭ v) Pens are sold in packs of 8 and notepads are sold in packs of 12. Find the least number‬
‭of packs of each type that one should buy so that there is an equal number of pens and‬
‭notepads.‬
‭(a) 3 and 2‬
‭(b) 2 and 5‬
‭(c) 3 and 4‬
‭(d) 4 and 5‬
‭Answer:(a)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭LCM of 8 and 12 is 24.‬
‭24‬
‭ஃ The least number of packs of pens =‬ ‭8‬
‭= 3‬
‭24‬
‭ஃ The least number of packs of note pads =‬ ‭12‬ ‭= 2‬
‭4. Decimal Expansion‬

‭The decimal form of rational numbers can be classified into two types.‬
‭●‬ ‭Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then x can be‬
‭𝑝‬
‭expressed in form‬ ‭𝑞‬ ‭, where p and q are co-prime‬‭and the prime factorization of q is‬
‭of form 2‬‭m‬‭.5‬‭n‬‭, where n and m are non-negative integers‬‭and vice-versa.‬
‭𝑝‬
‭●‬ ‭Let x =‬‭𝑞‬ ‭be a rational number, such that the‬‭prime factorization of q is not of form‬
‭ ‭m
2 ‬ ‬‭.5‬‭n‭,‬ where n and m are non-negative integers. Then‬‭x has a non-terminating‬
‭repeating decimal expansion.‬

‭(i) Which of the following rational numbers has a terminating decimal expansion?‬
‭125‬
‭(a)‬ ‭441‬
‭77‬
‭(b)‬ ‭210‬
‭15‬
‭(c)‬ ‭1600‬
‭129‬
‭(d)‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬
(‭‬‭2‬ ×‭‭5
‬ ‬ ×‭‬‭7‬ )
‭ nswer:(C)‬
A
‭Solution:‬
‭(c) Here, the simplest form of given options is‬
‭ 25‬
1 ‭53‬
‭441‬
= ‭2‬ ‭2‬
(‭3‬ ‭‬‭×‭‬‭7‬ ‬)
‭77‬ ‭11‬
‭210‬‭‬
= (‭2‬‭‭×
‬ ‬‭‭3
‬ ‬‭‭×
‬ ‭‬‭5
‬ ‬)
‭15‬ ‭3‬
‭1600‬
= ‭6‬
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭5‬)
‭ ut of all the given options, the denominator of the option‬
O
‭(c) alone has only 2 and 5 as factors. So, it is a terminating decimal.‬

‭23‬
‭(ii)‬ ‭3‬ ‭2‬ =
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭5
‬ ‬)

‭(a)0.575‬

‭(b)0.115‬

‭(c)0.92‬

‭(d) 1.15‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭23‬ ‭23‬
‭3‬ ‭2‬ = ‭200‬
= ‭‬‭0.‬ ‭115‬
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭5
‬ ‬)

‭441‬
‭(iii)‬ ‭2‬ ‭7‬ ‭2‬ ‭is a decimal.‬
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭5
‬ ‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭7
‬ ‬)
‭(a) terminating‬
 (‭ b) recurring‬
‭(c) non-terminating and non-recurring‬
‭(d) None of these‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭441‬ ‭9‬
‭2‬ ‭7‬ ‭2‬ = ‭2‬ ‭7‬ ‭, which is a terminating decimal.‬
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭5
‬ ‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭7
‬ ‬) (‭2‬ ‭‬×‭5‬ )

‭251‬
‭(iv) For which of the following value(s) of p,‬ ‭3‬ ‭is a non-terminating recurring decimal?‬
(‭2‬ ×‭‭‬‭𝑝
‬ ‬‭²‬)
(‭ a) 3‬
‭(b) 7‬
‭(c) 15‬
‭(d) All of these‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ he fraction form of a non-terminating recurring decimal will have at least one prime number‬
T
‭other than 2 and 5 as its factors in denominator.‬
‭So, p can take either 3, 7, or 15.‬

‭241‬
‭(v)‬ ‭5‬ ‭3‬
‭______________ is‬‭a decimal.‬
(‭2‬ ‭×
‬ ‭‭5
‬‬ )
(‭ a) terminating‬
‭(b) recurring‬
‭(c) non-terminating and non-recurring‬
‭(d) None of these‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Here denominator has only two prime factors i.e., 2 and 5 and hence it is a terminating‬
‭decimal.‬
 ‭Chapter 2‬
‭Polynomials‬

‭1.‬‭Construction of Humps‬
‭ BC construction company got the contract of making speed humps on roads. Speed humps‬
A
‭are parabolic in shape and prevent overspeeding, minimize accidents and give a chance for‬
‭pedestrians to cross the road. The mathematical representation of a speed hump is shown in‬
‭the given graph.‬

‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) The polynomial represented by the graph can be polynomial.‬

‭(a) Linear‬
‭(b) Quadratic‬
‭(c) Cubic‬
‭(d) Zero‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since the given graph is parabolic in shape, therefore it will represent a‬‭quadratic‬
‭polynomial.‬
‭[∴Graph of a quadratic polynomial is parabolic in shape]‬

‭(ii) The zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph are‬

‭(a) 1,5‬
‭(b) -1,5‬
‭(c) 1,-5‬
‭(d) -1,-5‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Since, the graph cuts the x-axis at -1, 5.‬

‭So the polynomial has 2 zeroes i.e., -1 and 5.‬

‭(iii) The sum of zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph are‬
‭(a) 4‬
‭(b) 5‬
‭(c) 6‬
‭(d) 7‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Sum of zeroes = -1 + 5 = 4‬

(‭ iv) If‬α ‭and‬β ‭are the zeroes of the polynomial‬‭represented by the graph such that β > a,‬
‭then 8α + β =‬
‭(a) 1‬
‭(b) 2‬
‭(c) 3‬
‭(d) 4‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since‬‭α‬‭‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭β
‬ ‭‬ ‭are zeroes of the given polynomial‬‭and‬β ‭> α‬

‭α = - 1 and‬β ‭= 5.‬

‭8α + β = 8(-1) + 5 = |-8+5| = |-3| = 3.‬

‭(v) The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph is‬

‭(a) -x²-4x-5‬

‭(b) x²+4x+5‬

‭(c) x²+4x-5‬

‭(d) -x²+4x+5‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Since the zeroes of the given polynomial are - 1 and 5.‬

‭ஃ Required polynomial p(x)‬

= ‭‬‭𝑘‬{‭𝑥‬‭²‭‬‬ − (− ‭1‬ + ‭5)‬ ‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬(− ‭1)‬ (‭5)‬ }

= ‭‬‭𝑘‬(‭𝑥‬‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‭4
‬ ‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ − ‭‭5
‬ )‬

‭For‬‭𝑘‬‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭1‭,‬ we get‬

‬ ‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭5‭,‬ which is the required polynomial.‬

‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑥

‭2.‬‭Honeycomb‬
‭ hile playing in the garden, Sahiba saw a honeycomb and asked her mother what is that.‬
W
‭She replied that it's a honeycomb made by honey bees to store honey. Also, she told her‬
‭that the shape of the honeycomb formed is parabolic. The mathematical representation of‬
‭the honeycomb structure is shown in the graph.‬

‭ ased on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

B
‭(i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial is in shape.‬
‭(a) straight line‬
‭(b) parabolic‬
‭(c) circular‬
‭(d) None of these‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭The graph of a quadratic polynomial is parabolic in shape.‬

‭(ii) The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph is‬

‭(a) x²-49‬
‭(b) x²-64‬
‭(c) x²-36‬
‭(d) x²-81‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Since the graph of the polynomial cuts the x-axis at (-6, 0) and (6, 0).‬
‭So, the zeroes of the polynomial are -6 and 6.‬

‭∴ The required polynomial is‬

‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‬(− ‭6‬ + ‭6)‬ ‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬(− ‭6)‬ (‭6)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭𝑥
‬ ‬‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭36‬

‭(iii) Find the value of the polynomial represented by the graph when x = 6.‬
‭(a) -2‬
‭(b) -1‬
‭(c) 0‬
‭(d) 1‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭We have, p(x) = x² - 36 Now,‬

‭2‬
‭𝑝‬(‭6)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭6‬ − ‭‭3
‬ 6‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭36‬‭‬ − ‭‭3
‬ 6‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭(iv) The sum of zeroes of the polynomial x² + 2x – 3 is‬

‭(a) -1‬
‭(b) -2‬
‭(c) 2‬
‭(d) 1‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Let‬‭𝑓‬(‭𝑥‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‭2

‬ ‭𝑥 ‬ ‬ ‭Then,‬
‬ ‬‭‭–‬ ‬‭‭3

‭𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡‬‭‭𝑜
‬ 𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑥‬ −‭2‬
‭𝑆𝑢𝑚‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠‬‭‬ =− 𝑐‭ 𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‬
= ‭1‬
=− ‭2‬

(‭ v) If the sum of zeroes of polynomial at² + 5t + 3a is equal to their product, then find the‬
‭value of a.‬
‭(a) -5‬
‭(b) -3‬
‭5‬
‭(c)‬‭3‬
‭‬
5
‭(d)‬− ‭3‬

‭Answer:(d)‬
‭Solution:‬

‭ he given polynomial is‬‭𝑎𝑡‬‭²‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭5‭𝑡‬ ‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑎

T ‬ ‭‬‬
‭Given, sum of zeroes = product of zeroes‬
−‭5‬ ‭3‬‭𝑎‬
‭⇒‬ ‭𝑎‬
= ‭𝑎‬
−‭5‬
‭⇒‬‭𝑎‬ = ‭3‬

‭3.‬ ‭Just before the morning assembly, a teacher of a kindergarten school observes some‬
‭ louds in the sky and so she cancels the assembly. She also observes that the‬
c
‭clouds have the shape of a polynomial. The mathematical representation of a cloud‬
‭is shown in the figure.‬

‭(i) Find the zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph.‬

−‭1‬ ‭7‬
‭(a)‬ ,
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭1‬ ‭7‬
‭(b)‬ ‭2‬ , − ‭2‬
‭1‬ ‭‬
7
‭(c)‬− ‭2‬ , − ‭2‬
‭1‬ ‭7‬
‭(d)‬ ‭2‬ , ‭2‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since the graph of the polynomial intersect‬
‭‬
1 −‭7‬
‭the x-axis at‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭0‬. ‭5,‬ ‭‬ − ‭3.‬ ‭5‬‭‭𝑜
‬ 𝑟‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭2‬
, ‭‬ ‭2‬ ‭,‬‭therefore required zeroes of‬
‭1‬ −‭7‬
‭the polynomial are‬ ‭2‬ , ‭‬ ‭2‬

‭(ii) What will be the expression for the polynomial represented by the graph?‬
‭(a)‬‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭12‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‬ − ‭4‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭7‬
‭(b)‬‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ =− ‭𝑥‭²‬ ‬ − ‭12‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭3‬
‭(c)‬‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭4‭𝑥
‬ ‭²‬ ‬ + ‭12‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭7‬
‭(d)‬‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ =− ‭4‭𝑥 ‬ ‭²‬ ‬ − ‭12‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭7‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭1‬ −‭7‬
‭∵‬ ‭2‬ ‭‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‬ ‭2‬
‭are the zeroes of the polynomial.‬
 ‭‬
1 −‭7‬
‭So, at‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭2‬
, ‭‬ ‭2‬
t‭he value of the polynomial will be 0. From options, required polynomial is‬
‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭4‭𝑥
‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‭1
‬ 2‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭7‬

‭(iii) What will be the value of the polynomial represented by the graph, when x = 3?‬
‭(a) 65‬
‭(b) -65‬
‭(c) 68‬
‭(d) -68‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭We have,‬‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭4‭𝑥 ‬ ‭²‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‭1
‬ 2‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭7‭‬‬
‭when x = 3‬
‭∴‬‭‬‭𝑝(‬ ‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭4‬ × ‭3²‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭12‬ × ‭3‬‭‬ + ‭‭7 ‬ ‬‭‬
= ‭‬ − ‭36‬‭‬ − ‭‭3 ‬ 6‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭7‭‬‬ = ‭‬ − ‭65‬
‭4‬ ‭4‬
‭(iv) If‬α ‭and‬β ‭are the zeroes of the polynomial‬‭f(x) = x² + 2x - 8, then‬α + β ‭=‬
‭(a) 262‬
‭(b) 252‬
‭(c) 272‬
‭(d) 282‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒‬‭‬‭𝑓‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‭2
‬ ‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭8‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‬‭α‬, ‭‬‭β‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑟𝑒‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑡𝑠‬‭‬‭𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠‬.
‭α‬ + ‭β‬ =− ‭2‬ ‭and‬‭αβ‬ =− ‭8‬
‭4‬ ‭4‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭Now,‬‭α‬ + ‭β‬ = ‭α‬ + ‭β‬ ( ) − ‭2‭α
‬ ‬ ‭β‬
‭2‬
= ((‭α‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭β)‬ ‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‭2
‬ αβ‬)‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭2(‬ ‭αβ‬)
‭2‬
= ((− ‭2)‬ ‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭2‬ ×− ‭8)‬ ‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭2(‬ − ‭8‬)
= (‭4‭‬‬ + ‭16‬)‭²‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭2‬ × ‭64‬
= ‭400‬‭‬ − ‭128‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭272‬

(‭ v) Find a quadratic polynomial where the sum and product of its zeroes are 0 and, √7‬
‭respectively.‬
‭(a) k(x²+√7)‬
‭(b) k(x²-√7)‬
‭(c) k(x²+√5)‬
‭(d) none of these‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭𝑊𝑒‬‭‬‭ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒‬‭‬‭𝑠𝑢𝑚‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‭𝑝
‬ 𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‭𝑧‬ 𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭√7‬
‭ 𝑜‬, ‭‬‭𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑘(‬ ‭𝑥‬‭²‬ − ‭0.‬ ‭𝑥‬ + ‭√7‬)
𝑆
= ‭‬‭𝑘‬(‭𝑥‬‭²‭‬‬ + ‭‭√
‬ 7‬)

‭4.‬ ‭Soccer Match‬

I‭n a soccer match, the path of the soccer ball in a kick is recorded as shown in the following‬
‭graph.‬

‭ ased on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

B
‭(i) The shape of path of the soccer ball is a‬
‭(a) Circle‬
‭(b) Parabola‬
‭(c) Line‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭The shape of the path of the soccer ball is a parabola.‬

‭(ii) The axis of symmetry of the given parabola is‬

‭(a) y-axis‬
‭(b) x-axis‬
‭(c) line parallel to the y-axis‬
‭(d) line parallel to the x-axis‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭The axis of symmetry of the given curve is a line parallel to y-axis.‬

‭(iii) The zeroes of the polynomial, represented in the given graph, are‬
‭(a) -1,7‬
‭(b) 5, -2‬
‭(c) -2,7‬
‭(d) -3,8‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭The zeroes of the polynomial, represented in the given graph, are -2 and 7, since the curve‬
‭cuts the x-axis at these points.‬

‭(iv) Which of the following polynomials has -2 and -3 as its zeroes?‬

‭(a) x²-5x-5‬
‭(b) x² + 5x-6‬
‭(c) x²+6x-5‬
‭(d) x² +5x+6‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭A polynomial having zeroes -2 and -3 is‬
‭𝑝‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‬(− ‭2‬ − ‭3)‬ ‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬(− ‭2)‬ ‭‬(− ‭3)‬ ‭‬
= ‭‬‭𝑥‭²‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‭5
‬ ‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‭6
‬‬

‭(v) For what value of 'x, the value of the polynomial f(x) = (x - 3)‬‭2‬ ‭+ 9 is 9?‬
‭(a) 1‬
‭(b) 2‬
‭(c) 3‬
‭(d) 4‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭ 𝑒‬‭‬‭ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒‬, ‭‬‭𝑓‬(‭𝑥)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬(‭𝑥‭‬‬ − ‭‭3
𝑊 ‬ )‬ + ‭‬‭9‬
‭Now,‬
‭2‬
‭ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬(‭𝑥‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭3)‬ ‭‬ + ‭9‭‬‬
9
‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭3‬ = ‭‬‭0‬
‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬‬
 ‭Chapter 3‬
‭Pair of Equations in two variables‬

‭1.‬ ‭Hostel Monthly Charges‬

‭ part of monthly hostel charges in a college is fixed and the remaining depends on the‬
A
‭number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student Anu takes food for 25‬
‭days, she has to pay 4500 as hostel charges, whereas another student Bindu who takes‬
‭food for 30 days, has to pay 5200 as hostel charges.‬

‭ onsidering the fixed charges per month by ₹x and the cost of food per day by ₹y, then‬
C
‭answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) Represent algebraically the situation faced by both Anu and Bindu.‬
‭(a) x+25y = 4500, x + 30y = 5200‬
‭(b) 25x+y=4500, 30x + y = 5200‬
‭(c) x-25y=4500, x-30y=5200‬
‭(d) 25x-y=4500, 30x - y = 5200‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ or student Anu:‬
F
‭𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑‬‭‭𝑐‬ ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒‬‭‬ + ‭‭𝑐‬ 𝑜𝑠𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑟‬‭‬‭25‬‭‬‭𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4500‬
‭𝑖‬. ‭𝑒.‬, ‭‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭25‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4500‬
‭For student Bindu:‬
‭𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑‬‭‭𝑐‬ ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑟‬‭‭3
‬ 0‬‭‭𝑑
‬ 𝑎𝑦𝑠‬‭‬ = ‭‭5
‬ 200‬
‭𝑖‬. ‭𝑒.‬, ‭‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭30‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭5200‬

‭(ii) The system of linear equations, represented by the above situations has‬
‭(a) No solution‬
‭(b) Unique solution‬
‭(c) None of these‬
‭(d) Infinitely many solutions‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ rom above, we have a₁ = 1, b₁ = 25, C₁ = -4500‬

F
‭and a₂ = 1, b‬‭2‬ ‭= 30, C‬‭2‬ ‭= -5200‬
‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭𝑏‬‭1‬ ‭ 5‬
2 ‭𝑐‭1‬ ‬ −‭4500‬ ‭ 5‬
4
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
= ‭1,‬ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
= ‭30‬
, ‭‬ ‭𝑐‭2‬ ‬
= −‭5200‬‭‬
= ‭52‬
‭‬
‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭𝑏‬‭1‬ ‭𝑐‬‭1‬
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑐‬‭2‬

‭Thus, system of linear equations has unique solution.‬

‭(iii) The cost of food per day is‬

‭(a) ₹120‬
‭(b) ₹130‬
‭(c) ₹140‬
‭(d) ₹1300‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ e have,‬‭‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭25‬‭𝑦‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭4500‬‭…………….....(i)‬

W
‭and‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭30‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭5200‬‭………………….....(ii)‬
‭Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get‬
‭5‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭700‬, ‭‬‭𝑦‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭140‬
‭𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑒𝑟‬‭‬‭𝑑𝑎𝑦‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑠‬‭‬‭₹140‬.

‭(iv) The fixed charges per month for the hostel is‬
‭(a) ₹1500‬
‭(b) ₹1200‬
‭(c) ₹1000‬
‭(d) ₹1300‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭We have,‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭25‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4500‬
‭𝑥‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4500‬ − ‭25‬‭‬‭×‭‬‬‭140‬
‭⇒‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭4500‬ − ‭‭3
‬ 500‬‭‬ = ‭₹1000‬
‭Fixed charges per month for the hostel is ₹1000.‬

‭(v) If Bindu takes food for 20 days, then what amount does she have to pay?‬
‭(a) ₹4000‬
‭(b) ₹3500‬
‭(c) ₹3600‬
‭(d) ₹3800‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭We have, x = 1000, y = 140 and Bindu takes food for 20 days.‬
‭Amount that Bindu has to pay‬

‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭20‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬(‭1000‬ + ‭20‬‭‬ × ‭‬‭140‬)‭‬ = ‭‭₹

‬ 3800‬

‭2.‬ ‭Ticket Counter on Bus Stand‬

‭ rom Bengaluru bus stand, if Riddhima buys 2 tickets to Malleswaram and 3 tickets to‬
F
‭Yeswanthpur, then the total cost is 46; but if she buys 3 tickets to Malleswaram and 5 tickets‬
‭to Yeswanthpur, then the total cost is 74.‬

‭ onsider the fares from Bengaluru to Malleswaram and that to Yeswanthpur as x and y‬
C
‭respectively and answer the following questions.‬
‭(i) 1st situation can be represented algebraically as‬
‭(a)‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭5‭𝑦 ‬ ‬ = ‭74‬
‭(b)‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬ + ‭5‭𝑦 ‬ ‬ = ‭74‬
‭(c)‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭3‭𝑦 ‬ ‬ = ‭46‬
‭(d)‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭46‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ st situation can be representedalgebraically‬

1
‭as‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭46‬

‭(ii) 2nd situation can be represented algebraically as‬

‭(a) 5x+3y=74‬
‭(b) 5x-3y=74‬
‭(c) 3x + 5y = 74‬
‭(d) 3x-5y=74‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭2nd situation can be represented algebraically as‬‭3‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭5‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭74‬
‭(iii) Fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram is‬
‭(a) ₹6‬
‭(b) ₹8‬
‭(c) ₹10‬
‭(d) ₹2‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭We have,‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑦

‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭46‬‭…………………(i)‬

‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭74‬‭…………………………….(ii)‬
‭3‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭5‭𝑦

‭Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 3 and then subtracting, we get‬

‭10‬ × ‭9‬‭𝑥‬ = ‭230‬ − ‭222‬

‭𝑥‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭₹8‬

‭Fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram is 8.‬

‭(iv) Fare from Bengaluru to Yeswanthpur is‬

‭(a) ₹10‬
‭(b) ₹12‬
‭(c) ₹14‬
‭(d) ₹16‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Putting the value of x in equation (i), we get‬

‭3‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭46‬ − ‭2‭‬‬‭×‬‭‬‭8‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭30‬‭‬‭⇒‭𝑦

‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭10‬

‭Fare from Bengaluru to Yeswanthpur is ₹10.‬

‭(v) The system of linear equations represented by both situations has‬

‭(a) infinitely many solutions‬
‭(b) unique solution‬
‭(c) no solution‬
‭(d) none of these‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭ e have, a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, c₁ = -46 and‬
W
‭a‭2‬ ‬ ‭= 3, b‬‭2‬ ‭= 5, C‬‭2‬ ‭= -74‬
‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭‬ 𝑏
2 ‭‬ ‭ ‬ 𝑐‭ ‬‭1‬
3 −‭46‬ ‭ 3‬
2
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
= , ‭1‬
‭3‬ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
= ,
‭5‬ ‭𝑐‬‭2‬
= −‭74‬
= ‭37‬
‭‬
‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭𝑏‬‭1‬ ‭𝑐‬‭1‬
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑐‬‭2‬

‭Thus system of linear equations has unique solution.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Book Store‬

‭ rom a shop, Sudhir bought 2 books of Mathematics and 3 books of Physics of class X for‬
F
‭850 and Suman bought 3 books of Mathematics and 2 books of Physics of class X for₹900.‬
‭Consider the price of one Mathematics book and that of one Physics book be x and y‬
‭respectively.‬

‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) Represent the situation faced by Sudhir, algebraically.‬

‭(a) 2x + 3y = 850‬
‭(b) 3x + 2y = 850‬
‭(c) 2x-3y=850‬
‭(d) 3x-2y=850‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ ituation faced by Sudhir can be‬

S
‭represented algebraically as‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭850‬

‭(ii) Represent the situation faced by Suman, algebraically.‬

‭(a) 2x + 3y = 90‬
‭(b) 3x+2y=900‬
‭(c) 2x-3y = 900‬
‭(d) 3x - 2y = 900‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Situation faced by Suman can be represented algebraically as‬

‭3‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭2‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭900‬

‭(iii) The price of one Physics book is‬

‭(a) ₹80‬
‭(b) ₹100‬
‭(c) ₹150‬
‭(d) ₹200‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭We have‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭𝑦

‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭850‬‭……………...(i)‬

‭and‬‭3‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭2‭𝑦
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭900‬‭…………………..(ii)‬

‭Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and subtracting, we get‬

‭5‬‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭750‬

‭𝑦‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭150‬

‭Thus, price of one Physics book is ₹150.‬

‭(iv) The price of one Mathematics book is‬

‭(a) ₹80‬
‭(b) ₹100‬
‭(c) ₹150‬
‭(d) ₹200‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭From equation (i) we have,‬

‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭‬‬‭×‭‬‬‭150‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭850‬

‭⇒‬‭‬‭2‭𝑥
‬ ‬ = ‭850‬ − ‭‬‭450‬ = ‭‬‭400‬

‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ = ‭‭2
‬ 00‬

‭Hence, cost of one Mathematics book = ₹200‬

‭(v) The system of linear equations represented by the above situation, has‬
‭(a) unique solution‬
‭(b) no solution‬
‭(c) infinitely many solutions‬
‭(d) none of these‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭From above, we have‬

‭a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, C₁ = -850‬

‭and‬

‭a₂ = 3, b‬‭2‬ ‭= 2, C‬‭2‬ ‭= - 900‬

‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭‬ 𝑏
2 ‭ ‬‭1‬ ‭ ‬ 𝑐‭ ‬‭1‬
3 −‭850‬ ‭ 7‬
1
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
= ,
‭3‬ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
= ,
‭2‬ ‭𝑐‬‭2‬
= −‭900‬
‭‬ = ‭18‬ ‭‬
‭𝑎‬‭1‬ ‭𝑏‬‭1‬ ‭𝑐‬‭1‬
‭𝑎‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑏‬‭2‬
≠ ‭𝑐‬‭2‬

‭Thus system of linear equations has unique solution.‬

 ‭Chapter 4‬
‭Quadratic Equations‬

‭1.‬ ‭Nature of Roots‬

‭ quadratic equation can be defined as an equation of degree 2. This means that the highest‬
A
‭exponent of the polynomial in it is 2. The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax² + bx +‬
‭c = 0, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a≠0. Every quadratic equation has two roots‬
‭depending on the nature of its discriminant, D = b² - 4ac. Based on the above information,‬
‭answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) Which of the following quadratic equations have no real roots?‬

‭(a) -4x²+7x-4=0‬
‭(b) -4x²+7x-2=0‬
‭(c) -2x²+5x-2=0‬
‭(d) 3x²+6x+2=0‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭To have no real roots, discriminant‬

‭2‬
(‭𝐷‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑏‬ − ‭4‭𝑎
‬ 𝑐‬)‭‬‭𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑏𝑒‬‭‬ < ‭‬‭0‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑎‬)‭‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭7‬ − ‭4‬(− ‭4)‬ (− ‭4)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭49‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭64‬‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭15‬‭‬ < ‭0‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑏‬)‭‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭7‬ − ‭4(‬ − ‭4)‬ (− ‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭4
‬ 932‬‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 7‬‭‬ > ‭‭0
‬‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑐‬)‭‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭5‬ − ‭4‬(− ‭2)‬ (− ‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭25‬ − ‭16‬ = ‭9‬ > ‭0‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑑‬)‭‭𝐷
‬ ‬ = ‭6‬ − ‭4(‬ ‭3)‬ (‭2‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭36‬ − ‭24‬‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 2‬‭‬ > ‭‭0
‬‬

‭(ii) Which of the following quadratic equations have rational roots?‬

‭(a) x²+x-1=0‬
‭(b) x²-5x+6=0‬
‭(c) 4x²-3x-2=0‬
‭(d) 6x‬‭2‭-‬ x+11=0‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭ o have rational roots, discriminant‬(‭𝐷‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑏‬ − ‭4‭𝑎
T ‬ 𝑐‬)
‭should be > 0 and also a perfect square.‬

‭(iii) Which of the following quadratic equations have irrational roots?‬

‭(a) 3x²+2x+2=0‬
‭(b) 4x‬‭2‭-‬ 7x+3=0‬
‭(c) 6x‬‭2‬‭-3x-5=0‬
‭(d) 2x‬‭2‭+
‬
3x-2=0‬

‭Answer:(c)‬
‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭To have irrational roots, discriminant‬(‭𝐷‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑏‬ − ‭4‭𝑎
‬ 𝑐‬) ‭should be > 0 but not a perfect square.‬
‭2‬
‭(a)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭2‬ − ‭4(‬ ‭3‬)(‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭4‬ − ‭24‬ =− ‭20‬‭‬ < ‭‬‭0‬
‭2‬
‭(b)‬‭𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭(‬ − ‭7)‬ − ‭4(‬ ‭4)‬ (‭3)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭49‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭48‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭1‭‬‬ > ‭‭0
‬ ‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‭𝑎
‬ 𝑙𝑠𝑜‬‭‭𝑎
‬ ‬‭‭𝑝
‬ 𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡‬‭‭𝑠‬ 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒‬.
‭2‬
‭(c)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭‬(− ‭3)‬ − ‭4(‬ ‭6)‬ (− ‭5)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭9
‬ ‬ + ‭‭1
‬ 20‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭129‬‭‬ > ‭‬‭0‭‬‭𝑎
‬ 𝑛𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑛𝑜𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑎‭‬‬‭𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡‬‭‬‭𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒‬.
‭2‬
‭(d)‬‭𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ ‬ − ‭‬‭4(‬ ‭2)‬ (− ‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭9‭‬‬ + ‭16‬ = ‭25‬ > ‭0‭‬‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‭𝑎
‬ 𝑙𝑠𝑜‬‭‭𝑎
‬ ‬‭‭𝑝
‬ 𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡‬‭‭𝑠‬ 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒‬.

‭(iv) Which of the following quadratic equations have equal roots?‬

‭(a) x²-3x+4=0‬
‭(b) 2x²-2x+1=0‬
‭(c) 5x‬‭2‬‭-10x + 1 = 0‬
‭(d) 9x² + 6x + 1 = 0‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭To have equa lroots, discriminant‬(‭𝐷‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑏‬ − ‭4‭𝑎
‬ 𝑐‬) ‭should be = 0‬
‭2‬
‭(a)‬‭𝐷‬ = (− ‭3)‬ − ‭4‬(‭1)‬ (‭4)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭9‬ − ‭16‬‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭7‭‬‬ < ‭0‬
‭2‬
‭(b)‬‭𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭(‬ − ‭2)‬ − ‭4(‬ ‭2)‬ (‭1)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭4‬ − ‭8‭‬‬ = ‭‬ − ‭4‭‬‬ < ‭0‬
‭2‬
‭(c)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭‬(− ‭10‬) − ‭4‬(‭5)‬ (‭1)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭100‬‭‬ − ‭20‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭80‬‭‬ > ‭‭0
‬‬
‭2‬
‭(d)‬‭𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭‭6
‬ ‬ − ‭4‬(‭9)‬ (‭1)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭36‬‭‬ − ‭‭3
‬ 6‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭(v) Which of the following quadratic equations has two distinct real roots?‬
‭(a) x‬‭2‭+‬
3x+1=0‬
‭2‬
‭(b) -x‬ ‭+3x-3=0‬
‭(c) 4x²+8x+4=0‬
‭(d) 3x²+6x+4=0‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭To have two distinct real roots, discriminant‬(‭𝐷‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑏‬ − ‭4‭𝑎
‬ 𝑐‬) ‭should be > 0.‬
‭2‬
‭(a)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭‬‭3‬ − ‭‬‭4‬(‭1‬)(‭1‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭9‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭4‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭5‬‭‬ > ‭‬‭0‬
‭2‬
‭(b)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭‬‭3‬ − ‭4‬(− ‭1‬)(− ‭3‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭9‬‭‬‭–‬‭‬‭12‬‭‬ = ‭‬ − ‭3‬‭‬ < ‭‬‭0‬‭‬
‭2‬
‭(c)‬‭𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭8‬ − ‭‬‭4‬(‭4‬)(‭4‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭64‬‭‬‭–‬‭‬‭64‬‭‬ = ‭‭0
‬ ‬‭‬
‭2‬
‭(d)‬‭𝐷‬ = ‭‬‭6‬ − ‭‬‭4‬(‭3‬)(‭4‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭36‬‭‬‭–‬‭‬‭48‬‭‬ =− ‭12‬‭‬ < ‭‬‭0‬
 ‭2.‬ ‭Quadratic in Day-to-Day Life‬
I‭n our daily lives, we use quadratic formulas as for calculating areas, determining a product's‬
‭profit or formulating the speed of an object, and many more.‬
‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) If the roots of the quadratic equation are 2, -3, then its equation is‬
‭(a) x²-2x+3=0‬
‭(b) x²+x-6=0‬
‭(c) 2x²-3x + 1 = 0‬
‭(d) x²-6x-1=0‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Roots of the quadratic equation are 2 and -3.‬
‭The required quadratic equation is‬
(‭𝑥‬ − ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‭3 ‬ ‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬
‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑥‬‭²‭‬‬ + ‭‭𝑥
‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‭6
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭(ii) If one root of the quadratic equation 2x² + kx + 1 = 0 is -1/2, then k=‬
‭(a) 3‬
‭(b) -5‬
‭(c) -3‬
‭(d) 5‬

‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭We have,‬‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝑘𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭1‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭0‬ ‭Since, -1/2 is the root of the equation,‬
‭so it will satisfy the given equation.‬
‭ ‬ ‭2‬
(
‭2‬ − )
1
‭2‬ (
+ ‭𝑘‬ − ‭2‬ ) + ‭1‬ = ‭0‬
‭1‬

‭1‬ ‭𝑘‬
‭2‬ × ‭4‬
− ‭2‬ + ‭1‬ = ‭0‬
‭‬
1 ‭𝑘‬
‭2‬
− ‭2‬
+ ‭1‬ = ‭0‬
‭ ‬− 𝑘
1 ‭ ‬ + ‭2‬ = ‭0‬
‭𝑘‬ = ‭3‬

‭(iii) Which of the following quadratic equations, has equal and opposite roots?‬
‭(a) x²-4=0‬
‭(b) 16x‬‭2‬‭-9=0‬
‭(c) 3x²+5x-5=0‬
‭(d) Both (a) and (b)‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭If the roots of the quadratic equations are opposites to each other,‬
‭then coefficient of x (sum of roots) is 0.‬
‭So, both (a) and (b) have the coefficient of x = 0.‬

‭2‬
‭(iv) Which of the following quadratic equations can be represented‬(‭𝑥‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭2)‬ + ‭19‬ = ‭0‬ ‭?‬
‭(a) x² + 4x + 15 = 0‬
‭(b) x²-4x + 15 = 0‬
‭(c) x²-4x + 23 = 0‬
‭(d) x² + 4x + 23 = 0‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬
‭ he given equation is‬(‭𝑥‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭2)‬ + ‭19‬ = ‭0‬
T
‭‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬ − ‭4‭𝑥‬ ‬ + ‭4‬ + ‭19‬ = ‭0‭‬‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭4‭𝑥
‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭23‬‭‬ = ‭‭0
‬‬
‭1‬+ ‭5‬
‭(v) If one root of a quadratic equation is‬ ‭7‬
‭, then its other root is‬
‭1‬+ ‭5‬
‭(a)‬ ‭7‬
‭1‬− ‭5‬
‭(b)‬ ‭7‬
−‭1+
‬ ‭5‬
‭(c)‬ ‭7‬
−‭1−
‬ ‭5‬
‭(d)‬ ‭7‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭If one root of a quadratic equation is irrational,‬
‭then its other root is also irrational and also its conjugate‬
‭i.e., if one root is‬‭𝑝‬ + ‭𝑞‬‭, then its other root‬‭is‬‭𝑝‬ − ‭𝑞‬‭.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Formation of Quadratic Equation‬

‭ uadratic equations started around 3000 B.C. with the Babylonians. They were one of the‬
Q
‭world's first civilizations and came up with some great ideas like agriculture, irrigation, and‬
‭writing. There were many reasons why Babylonians needed to solve quadratic equations.‬
‭For example to know what amount of crop you can grow on‬
‭the square field.‬
‭Based on the above information, represent the following questions in the form of a quadratic‬
‭equation.‬

‭(i) The sum of squares of two consecutive integers is 650.‬

‭(a) x²+2x-650 = 0‬
‭(b) 2x²+2x-649 = 0‬
‭(c) x²-2x-650 = 0‬
‭(d) 2x²+ 6x-550 = 0‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭ 𝑒𝑡‬‭‭𝑡‬ 𝑤𝑜‬‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠‬‭‬‭𝑏𝑒‬‭‬‭𝑥‬, ‭‭𝑥
𝐿 ‬ ‬‭‬ + ‭‭1
‬ .‬
‭Given,‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ + ‭‬(‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1)‬ ‭²‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭650‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬ + ‭2‭𝑥‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭650‬‭‬ = ‭‭0
‬ ‭‬‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬ + ‭2‭𝑥
‬ ‬ − ‭649‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭3‬
‭(ii) The sum of two numbers is 15 and the sum of their reciprocals is‬‭10‬ ‭.‬
(‭ a) x²+10x-150 = 0‬
‭(b) 15x‬‭2‬‭-x+150 = 0‬
‭(c) x²-15x+50=0‬
‭(d) 3x² - 10x + 15 = 0‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let the two numbers be x and 15 - x.‬
‭Given,‬
‭‬
1 ‭1‬ ‭3‬
‭𝑥‬
+ ‭15‬−‭𝑥‬
= ‭10‬
‭ 0‬(‭15‬ − ‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‭𝑥
1 ‬ ‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭3‭𝑥
‬ (‬ ‭15‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭𝑥‬)
‭150‬ = ‭‭3 ‬ ‭𝑥
‬ (‬ ‭15‬‭‬ − ‭‭𝑥 ‬ ‬)
‭50‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭15‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭𝑥‭²‬ ‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭15‬‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‭5 ‬ 0‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭(iii) Two numbers differ by 3 and their product is 504.‬

‭(a) 3x‬‭2‭-‬ 504=0‬
‭(b) x²-504x+3=0‬
‭(c) 504x²+ 3 = x‬
‭(d) x‬‭2‭+
‬
3x-504 = 0‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let the numbers be‬‭𝑥‬ ‭and‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭3‭.‬ ‬
‭Given,‬‭𝑥‬(‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭3)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭5‬ 04‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬ + ‭3‭𝑥
‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭504‬ = ‭0‬

‭(iv ) A natural number whose square diminished by 84 is thrice of 8 more of a given number.‬
‭(a) x²+ 8x-84 = 0‬
‭(b) 3x²-84x+3=0‬
‭(c) x²-3x-108 = 0‬
‭(d) x²-11x + 60 = 0‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let the number be x.‬
‭According to question,‬‭𝑥‬‭²‬ − ‭‭8 ‬ 4‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ ‬(‭𝑥‭‬‬ + ‭‭8
‬ )‬ ‭‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭84‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭3‭𝑥
‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‭2
‬ 4‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬ − ‭3‭𝑥
‬ ‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭108‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬

‭(v) A natural number when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal.‬
‭(a) x²-12x+160 = 0‬
‭(b) x²-160x + 12 = 0‬
‭(c) 12x‬‭2‭-‬ x-160=0‬
‭(d) x²+ 12x - 160 = 0‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let the number be x.‬
‭‬
1
‭According to question,‬‭𝑥‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭12‬‭‬ = ‭160‬ × ‭𝑥‬
‭𝑥‬‭²‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭12‬‭𝑥‬ − ‭160‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬
 ‭ hapter 5‬
C
‭Arithmetic Progression‬

‭1.‬ ‭Pathology Lab‬

I‭n a pathology lab, a culture test has been conducted. In the test, the number of bacteria‬
‭taken into consideration in various samples is all 3-digit numbers that are divisible by 7,‬
‭taken in order.‬
‭On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) How many bacteria are considered in the fifth sample?‬

‭(a) 126‬
‭(b) 140‬
‭(c) 133‬
‭(d) 149‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Here the smallest 3-digit number divisible by 7 is 105.‬

‭So, the number of bacteria taken into consideration is 105, 112, 119, ...., 994‬

‭So, first term (a) = 105, d = 7 and last term = 994‬

‭𝑡‬‭5‭‬ ‬ = ‭‬‭𝑎‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭4‭𝑑

‬ ‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭105‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭28‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭133‬

‭(ii) How many samples should be taken into consideration?‬

‭(a) 129‬
‭(b) 128‬
‭(c) 130‬
‭(d) 127‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ et n samples be taken under consideration.‬

L
‭∴ Last term = 994‬
‭𝑎‬ + (‭𝑛‬ − ‭1‬)‭𝑑‬ = ‭994‬
‭105‬‭‬ + ‭‬(‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‬ ‭7‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭994‬
‭⇒ n = 128‬

‭(iii) Find the total number of bacteria in the first 10 samples.‬

‭(a) 1365‬
‭(b) 1335‬
‭(c) 1302‬
 (‭ d) 1540‬
‭ nswer:(a)‬
A

‭Solution:‬

‭Total number of bacteria in first 10 samples‬

‭‬
𝑛
‭𝑠‬‭𝑛‬ = ‭2‬
[‭2‭𝑎
‬ ‬+ (‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‭
‬ 𝑑‬]
‭10‬
‭𝑠‬‭10‬ = ‭2‬
[‭2‬ × ‭105‬ + (‭10‬ − ‭1‬)‭7]‬
‭𝑠‬‭10‬ = ‭1365‬

‭(iv) How many bacteria are there in the 7th sample from the last?‬
‭(a) 952‬
‭(b) 945‬
‭(c) 959‬
‭(d) 966‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭𝑡ℎ‬ ‭𝑡ℎ‬
‭𝑡‬‭7‭‬ ‭𝑓
‬ 𝑟𝑜𝑚‬‭‬‭𝑒𝑛𝑑‬‭‬ = ‭(‬ ‭128‬‭‬ − ‭‭7
‬ ‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭1)‬ ‭‭𝑡‬ 𝑒𝑟𝑚‬‭‬‭𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚‬‭‬‭𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔‬‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 2‬‭2‬ ‭‬‭𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚‬‭‬
‭𝑡‬‭122‬ = ‭105‬‭‬ + ‭‭1
‬ 21‬(‭7)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭952‬

‭(v) The number of bacteria in the 50th sample is‬

‭(a) 546‬
‭(b) 553‬
‭(c) 448‬
‭(d) 496‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝑡‬‭50‬ = ‭‬‭105‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭49‬‭‬‭×‬‭‬‭7‭‬‬ = ‭‭4
‬ 48‬

‭2.‬ ‭Discussion on A.P.‬

I‭n a class the teacher asks every student to write an example of A.P. Two friends Geeta and‬
‭Madhuri write their progressions as -5, -2, 1, 4, ... and 187, 184, 181, respectively. Now, the‬
‭teacher asks various students of the class the following questions on these two‬
‭progressions. Help students to find the answers of the questions.‬

‭(i) Find the 34th term of the progression written by Madhuri.‬

‭(a) 286‬
‭(b) 88‬
‭(c) -99‬
‭(d) 190‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Geeta's A.P. is -5, -2, 1, 4, ...‬
‭Here, first term (a₁) = -5 and common difference (d‬‭1‬‭)‬‭= -2 + 5 = 3‬

‭Similarly, Madhuri's A.P. is 187, 184, 181, ...‬

‭Here first term (a‬‭2‭)‬ = 187 and common difference (d‬‭2‭)‬ ‬‭= 184 – 187 = -3‬

‭𝑡‬‭34‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑎‬‭2‬‭‬ + ‭‭3

‬ 3‬‭𝑑‭2‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭187‬‭‬ + ‭‭3
‬ 3‬(− ‭3)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭8
‬ 8‬

‭(ii) Find the sum of the common difference between the two progressions.‬
‭(a) 6‬
‭(b) -6‬
‭(c) 1‬
‭(d) 0‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Required sum = 3 + (-3) = 0‬

‭(iii) Find the 19th term of the progression written by Geeta.‬

‭(a) 49‬
‭(b) 59‬
‭(c) 52‬
‭(d) 62‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝑡‬‭19‬ = ‭‬‭𝑎‬‭1‬ + ‭‭1
‬ 8‬‭𝑑‭₁‬ ‭‬‬ = ‭‬(− ‭5‬)‭‬ + ‭‭1
‬ 8‬(‭3)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭49‬

‭(iv) Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the progression written by Geeta.‬
‭(a) 85‬
‭(b) 95‬
‭(c) 110‬
‭(d) 200‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭𝑠‬‭10‬ =
‭10‬
‭2‬ [‭2‭𝑎‬ ‬‭1‬ + (‭10‬ − ‭1)‭‬ 𝑑‬‭1]‬
‭𝑠‬‭10‬ = ‭5[‬ ‭2‬ × (− ‭5‬) + ‭9‬ × ‭3]‬
‭𝑠‬‭10‬ = ‭85‬
‭(v) Which term of the two progressions will have the same value?‬
‭(a) 31‬
‭(b) 33‬
‭(c) 32‬
‭(d) 30‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let th terms of the two A.P's be equal.‬
− ‭5‬ + ‭‬(‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‬ ‭3‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭187‬‭‬ + ‭‬(‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‬ (− ‭3)‬
‭⇒6‬(‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭192‬
‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭33‬

‭3.‬ ‭Shoe Shop‬

‭ eena's mother started a new shoe shop. To display the shoes, she put 3 pairs of shoes in‬
M
‭the 1st row, 5 pairs in the 2nd row, 7 pairs in the 3rd row, and so on.‬
‭On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) If she puts a total of 120 pairs of shoes, then the number of rows required are‬
‭(a) 5‬
‭(b) 6‬
‭(c) 7‬
‭(d) 10‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Number of pairs of shoes in 1st, 2nd, 3rd row,.............. are 3, 5, 7, …‬
‭So, it forms an A.P. with first term‬‭𝑎‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ ‬, ‭‬‭𝑑‬ = ‭5‬ − ‭3‬ = ‭2‬
‭Let n be the number of rows required.‬
‭𝑠‬‭𝑛‬ ‭= 120‬
‭‬
𝑛
‭2‬
[‭2‬ × ‭3‬ + (‭𝑛‬ − ‭1)‭
‬ 2]‬ = ‭120‬
‭ ‬‭²‬ + ‭2‭𝑛
𝑛 ‬ ‬ − ‭120‬‭‬ = ‭‭0
‬‬
‭𝑛‬‭²‬ + ‭12‬‭𝑛‬ − ‭10‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭120‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬
(‭𝑛‬ + ‭12‬)‭‬(‭𝑛‬ − ‭10‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭0‬
‭⇒‬‭‬‭𝑛‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭10‬
‭𝑆𝑜‬, ‭‬‭10‬‭‬‭𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠‬‭‬‭𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑡𝑜‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑢𝑡‬‭‬‭120‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠‬

‭(ii) The difference between pairs of shoes in the 17th row and 10th row is‬
‭(a) 7‬
‭(b) 14‬
‭(c) 21‬
‭(d) 28‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝑁𝑜‬. ‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑛‬‭‬‭17‬‭𝑡ℎ‬‭‬‭𝑟𝑜𝑤‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝑡‬ ‬‭17‬ = ‭‬‭3‭‬‬ + ‭‭1
‬ 6‬(‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭35‬
‭𝑁𝑜‬. ‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑛‬‭‬‭10‬‭𝑡ℎ‬‭‬‭𝑟𝑜𝑤‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝑡‬ ‬‭10‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ ‬ + ‭9(‬ ‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭21‬
‭‬‭∴‬‭‬‭𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‭𝑑
‬ 𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ 5‬‭‬ − ‭‭2
‬ 1‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭14‬

‭(iii) On next day, she arranges x pairs of shoes in 15 rows, then x =‬

‭(a) 21‬
‭(b) 26‬
‭(c) 31‬
‭(d) 42‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Here n = 15‬
‭∴‬‭𝑡‬‭15‬ = ‭‬‭3‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭14‬(‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭3‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭28‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭31‬

‭(iv) Find the pairs of shoes in the 30th row.‬

‭(a) 61‬
‭(b) 67‬
‭(c) 56‬
‭(d) 59‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭No. of pairs in 30th row‬= ‭𝑡‬‭30‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭3‭‬‬ + ‭29‬(‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‬‭61‬

‭(v) The total number of pairs of shoes in the 5th and 8th rows is‬
‭(a) 7‬
‭(b) 14‬
‭(c) 28‬
‭(d) 56‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭No. of pairs in 5th row‬= ‭𝑡‬‭5‬ = ‭3‬ + ‭4(‬ ‭2)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 1‬
‭No. of pairs in 8th row‬= ‭𝑡‬‭8‬ = ‭3‭‬‬ + ‭7(‬ ‭2‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭17‬
‭∴‬‭‬‭𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑠𝑢𝑚‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭11‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭17‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭28‬