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Python_Lectures

Complate python code learning

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19 views

Python_Lectures

Complate python code learning

Uploaded by

alijamshed271
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

1.

Introduction to Python

What is Python?

Python is a versatile and powerful programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax. It's
widely used in various fields, from web development and data science to artificial intelligence
and automation.

Why Learn Python?

Python is popular due to its:

 Ease of Learning: Clear, English-like syntax.


 Community Support: Many resources and libraries available for different tasks.
 Versatility: Used for web development, data analysis, machine learning, etc.

2. Basic Syntax and Variables

Hello World

Start with the classic "Hello, World!" example:

Explanation: This line of code tells Python to display text to the screen. print() is a built-in
function that outputs whatever is inside its parentheses.

Variables and Data Types

Variables store information that can be used and manipulated in a program.


Explanation:

 Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to declare variable types explicitly.
 Here, we assign name as a string, age as an integer, height as a float, and is_student as a
Boolean.

Comments

Comments help clarify code and are not executed. They start with # for single-line comments or
triple quotes for multi-line comments.

3. Data Structures

Lists

Lists are ordered collections, ideal for storing related items.

Explanation:

 Lists are mutable, meaning items can be added, removed, or modified.


 append() adds an item to the end, while remove() deletes an item.
 Allows Duplicates: Items can repeat.
Dictionaries

 Definition: Dictionaries store data as key-value pairs, where each key is unique.
 Characteristics:
o Unordered: Items do not have a specific order.
o Mutable: You can add, modify, or remove key-value pairs.
o Unique Keys: Each key must be unique, but values can repeat.

Explanation: Dictionaries are ideal for when you need to map one thing (key) to another
(value), such as storing information about a person where each detail has a label.
Tuples

 Definition: Tuples are ordered collections of items that cannot be changed (immutable).
 Characteristics:
o Ordered: Items have a defined order.
o Immutable: Once created, you cannot change, add, or remove items.
o Allows Duplicates: Items can repeat.

Explanation: Tuples are useful when you have a collection of items that shouldn’t change, like
coordinates (x, y) or months in a year.

Sets

 Definition: Sets are unordered collections of unique items.


 Characteristics:
o Unordered: No specific order, so items can't be accessed by index.
o Mutable: You can add or remove items.
o Unique Items: Duplicates are not allowed.

Explanation: Sets are great for storing unique items without any specific order. They are
commonly used for operations involving unique values, like finding unique names in a list.
4. Control Flow
If Statements

Conditionals allow us to make decisions in code.

Explanation:

 The if statement checks if age is 18 or more.


 Python uses indentation (4 spaces or a tab) to define code blocks.
Loops

Loops let us repeat actions.

Explanation:

 for loop iterates a specific number of times, often using range().


 while loop runs as long as the condition ( counter < 3) remains true.
5. Functions
Defining and Calling Functions

Functions are reusable blocks of code.

Explanation:

 def defines a function.


 greet() takes name as a parameter and returns a personalized greeting.

Built-in Functions

Python includes many useful built-in functions, like len(), sum(), max(), and min().

6. File Handling
Reading and Writing Files

Let’s learn how to read and write to text files.


Explanation:

 The with statement ensures the file is closed after reading or writing.
 "w" mode opens the file for writing, and "r" mode opens it for reading.

7. Mini Project
Project: Number Guessing Game

Let’s create a small game where the user guesses a random number.

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