Al-Khoud Branch Under Supervision of Ministry of Education
Chemistry Grade 9
Name: Date: Alkali Metals and Their Properties in Chemistry Grade 0 Welcome to the exciting world of alkali metals! In this presentation, we will explore the unique properties and applications of these elements found in the periodic table. Definition and Location • Alkali metals are a group of elements in the periodic table .
• They are located in Group 1 , to the left of the transition metals .
Melting and boiling point decrease
Metals get softer
Densities increase
Chemical reactivity increase Physical Properties Atomic and Ionic Radii Alkali metals have the largest atomic and ionic radii among all elements. This is due to their low nuclear charge and the shielding effect of inner electron shells. They stored in oil to prevent reacting with oxygen and water vapor.
Melting and Boiling Points
Alkali metals have low melting and boiling points . They melt easily and can even melt in your hands!
Density and Reactivity
Alkali metals are less dense than most other metals and are highly reactive. They react vigorously with water and oxygen, often producing flames and explosions . Chemical Properties 1 Reactivity with Water and Oxygen Alkali metals react violently with water, producing hydrogen gas and alkaline solutions. They also readily react with oxygen, forming oxides.
2 Formation of Hydroxides and Oxides
Alkali metals readily form hydroxides when reacting with water and oxides when reacting with oxygen. These compounds have various industrial and medical applications. 3 Flame Colors in Flame Tests Alkali metals are known for producing distinct flame colors in flame tests. Each element exhibits a unique color, which can be used to identify their presence. Reactivity of Alkali Metals with Water:
Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
2 Na + 2H2O 2NAOH + H2 Reactivity of Alkali Metals with Water:
1. Alkali metals are highly reactive when compared to remaining metals because they have only a single electron in their outermost shell and can easily lose it due to their large size and less nuclear attraction force.
2. They react vigorously with Water and are exothermic which produces respective metals hydroxide MOH along with Hydrogen gas H2.
2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 + Heat
Applications and Uses 1 Alkali Metals in Everyday Life Alkali metals like sodium and potassium are commonly used in Importance in Industry 2 various household products, such as Alkali metals are crucial for numerous soaps and detergents. They also play industrial applications, including the a vital role in food preservation. production of batteries, glass, and ceramics. They are also used in metallurgical processes and as catalysts. 3 Summary and Conclusion Alkali metals possess fascinating properties and find diverse applications in our daily lives and various industries. Their reactivity and unique characteristics make them an intriguing subject of study in chemistry. Group VII – The halogens Properties:
1- They are all poisonous and have a similar strong smell.
2- They are all non-metals.
3- They all have a valence of 1 and form compounds with similar formula ex; HCL
4-They all form diatomic molecules. Ex; Cl2 Br2 I2
5-Their compound with hydrogen are usually strong acids Hcl when dissolves in water HBr HI The halogens can react directly with metals to form metals halides or salts.
As we go down group 7 the halogens become less reactive.
Explain:
Because the atoms get bigger or have more shells.
The extra electrons it is trying to gain is further from the nucleus (less reactive). What do the Halogens look like?
F Pale yellow gas / liquid
Cl Pale green gas
Br Red / Brown liquid
I Grey solid that give off a purple vapour.
Higher melting point Increase when we go down
Higher boiling point
Atomic masses increase
Reactivity decrease
Why do the melting point and boiling point increase down the group?
Molecules get bigger.
Stronger intermolecular forces Displacement reactions: More reactive metals can displace a less reactive metal from it is compound.
A more reactive halogens can displace a less reactive halogens from an
aqueous solutions of it is salt.
Cl2 + 2 KBr Br2 + 2KCl
•The halogens are the elements in group 17 of the periodic table. This is the next-to-last column of elements on the right-hand side of the table.
•The halogen elements are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine,
and possibly Tennessee.
•The halogens are highly reactive nonmetallic elements. They commonly
form ionic bonds with metals and covalent bonds with other nonmetals.
•The halogens are the only group of elements that include elements in all of the three main states of matter: gases, liquids, and solids. Chemical reactivity of the halogens: F and Cl are very reactive:
Combine strongly with metals and non-metals.
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
Aluminum also reacts strongly with bromine and iodine, give purple fumes
Hydrogen will burn in chlorine to form hydrogen chloride.
H2 + Cl2 2HCl Chlorine dissolve in water to give an acidic solution
This mixture is called chlorine water and contains two acids:
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO (hydrochlorous acid)
Cl + Cl = Cl2 Halogens displacement reaction:
Reactions in which a more reactive halogens displaces a less reactive
halogen from a solution of its salt.
Cl2 + 2KBr 2KCl + Br2
The Nobel Gases What are Noble Gases?
•A group of six elements in the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn)
•Characterized by their filled outer valence shells, making them chemically inert and unreactive
•Possess unique physical properties, including low melting and boiling points •The noble gases are a group of six elements that are located in Group 18 of the periodic table.
•The noble gases are all colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases at room temperature.
•They are also chemically unreactive.
Physical properties:
•The noble gases have very low melting and boiling points. •This is because the atoms of the noble gases are held together by very weak van der Waals forces.
•The noble gases are also very dense.
•This is because the atoms of the noble gases are packed very closely together. Chemical properties: •The noble gases are chemically unreactive.
•This is because they have full outer shells of electrons.
•Full outer shells of electrons are very stable and do not want to react with other elements. Uses of the noble gases
•Helium is used in balloons, party favors, and airships.
•Neon is used in neon signs.
•Argon is used in light bulbs, incandescent bulbs, and fluorescent light bulbs.
•Krypton is used in lasers.
•Xenon is used in headlights and flashlights.
•Radon is used in smoke detectors.
•The noble gases are an important group of elements that have a wide variety of uses.
•They are essential for many of the technologies that we rely on every day. Physical properties
•The noble gases have very low melting and boiling points.
•This is because the atoms of the noble gases are held together by very weak van der Waals forces.
•The noble gases are also very dense.
•This is because the atoms of the noble gases are packed very closely together.
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