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Data Processing with Python and R

Notes on processing with Python and R

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akocyriel5
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4 views

Data Processing with Python and R

Notes on processing with Python and R

Uploaded by

akocyriel5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Processing with Python and R

1. Introduction to Programming with Python

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its simplicity and
versatility. It is widely used for data processing, analysis, and visualization. Below are the
foundational topics:

1.1 Basic Language Structures in Python

• Data Types:
• Primitive: int, float, str, bool
• Composite: list, tuple, dict, set
• Basic Operations:
• Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, //, %)
• Relational (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=)
• Logical (and, or, not)
• Control Structures:
• Conditional Statements: if, elif, else
• Loops:
• for: Iterates over a sequence.
• while: Executes as long as a condition is true.
• Functions:
• Definition: def function_name(parameters):
• Return values with return
• Example:

def add(a, b):


return a + b

• Modules:
• Importing libraries: import math, from random import randint
• Reusing code from external Python files.

2. Data Acquisition and Presentation

2.1 Acquiring Data

1. Local Data:
• File operations: Reading and writing files.

with open("data.txt", "r") as file:


data = file.read()
2. Network Data:
• Fetching web data using libraries like requests.

import requests
response = requests.get("http://example.com/data")
print(response.text)

2.2 Data Structures in Python

1. Sequences:
• Strings: Immutable sequences of characters.
• String slicing: text[0:5]
• Lists: Mutable ordered collections.
• Example: my_list = [1, 2, 3]
• Tuples: Immutable ordered collections.
• Example: my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
2. Basic Data Presentation:
• Example: Reading a CSV file and presenting data in tabular format.

3. Data Visualization Libraries in Python

3.1 Matplotlib

• Plotting Basic Graphs:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
plt.show()

• Customizations:
• Titles, labels, legends, colors, and line styles.

3.2 Image Processing

• Using Pillow for image manipulation.

from PIL import Image


img = Image.open("example.jpg")
img.show()
4. Powerful Data Structures and Python Extension Libraries

4.1 Dictionaries and Sets

• Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.

my_dict = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}

• Sets: Unordered collections of unique elements.

my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4}

4.2 NumPy for Arrays

• ndarray: Efficient array structure for numerical data.

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

4.3 Pandas for Series and DataFrames

• Series: One-dimensional labeled data.

import pandas as pd
series = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=["a", "b", "c"])

• DataFrame: Two-dimensional labeled data.

df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2], "B": [3, 4]})

5. Data Statistics and Mining

5.1 Data Cleaning

• Handling missing values:

df.fillna(0, inplace=True)
• Removing duplicates:

df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

5.2 Data Exploration

• Basic statistics:

df.describe()

• Correlation:

df.corr()

5.3 Data Analysis Using Pandas

• Grouping data:

df.groupby("column_name").mean()

• Filtering data:

df[df["column_name"] > 10]

6. Object Orientation and GUI in Python

6.1 Object-Oriented Programming

• Key Concepts:
• Abstraction: Hiding details to simplify usage.
• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones.
• Encapsulation: Bundling data with methods.
• Example:

class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

class Dog(Animal):
def bark(self):
return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

6.2 GUI with Python

• Using Tkinter for GUI applications:

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, World!")
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

7. Introduction to R for Data Processing

7.1 Basics of R

• Data Types: Numeric, character, logical, factor, and vector.


• Basic Operations:
• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /
• Relational: >, <, ==, !=
• Control Structures:
• if, for, while

7.2 Data Structures in R

1. Vectors: One-dimensional array.

vec <- c(1, 2, 3)

2. Data Frames: Tabular data.

df <- data.frame(A = 1:3, B = c("x", "y", "z"))

3. Matrices: Two-dimensional array.

mat <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2)

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