INFORMATICS PRACTICES (065)

(c) Iteration/looping statements

 These statements will execute again and again for specific number of times or until condition’s
result is False.
 In python, there are two types of loop. They are
(a) for loop (counting loop)
(b) while loop (conditional loop)
(a) for loop (counting loop)
 This is counting loop, i.e. this loop will execute for specific number of times.
Syntax:
for var in range/sequence:
#for body

 for loop will applied on range()/sequence.

range()
This is a pre-defined function which is used to get the values in ranges.
Syntax:
range(start,stop,step)

 start: Starting number of the sequence.

 stop: Generate numbers up to, but not including this number.
 step: Difference between each number in the sequence.
Note-1: All parameters must be integers (may be positive or negative).

Note-2: Atleast one parameter must be there in python. If there is only one
parameter, then it will be considered as ‘stop’ value. If there will be two
parameters, then these will be ‘start’ and ‘tart’ respectively.

Eg(1): range(6) generates the numbers from [0,1,2,3,4,5].

Eg(2): range(2,6) generates the numbers from [2,3,4,5].

Eg(3): range(2,10,2,) generates the numbers from [2,4,6,8].

Eg(4): range(1,10,2,) generates the numbers from [1,3,5,7,9].

Eg(5): range(10,1,-2,) generates the numbers from [10,8,6,4,2].

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 If range() function will generate ‘n’ number of values, then the ‘for’ loop will
execute for ‘n’ times.
 In ‘for’ syntax, ‘var’ is the variable that takes the value of the item inside the sequence
on each iteration.

Flowchar for ‘for’ syntax:

For each item

Sequence /range

Last Item Yes

Reached?
No

Exit Loop

Statement1

Eg(1):
for i in range(1,6):
print(i)

Output:
1
2
3
4
5
Note: in above example, range generates numbers from ‘1’ upto ‘6’,but not including ‘6’.
Eg(2):
for i in range(1,6):
print(i,end=' ')

Output:
12345

Eg(3):
for i in range(6):
print(i,end=' ')

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Output:
012345
Note: in above example, there is start value. The range will starts from 0(zero), if there is
no start value in range.

Eg(4):
for i in range(6,0,-1):
print(i,end=' ')

Output:
654321

Eg(5): Write a python program that displays the odd numbers and even numbers separately from
1 to given number.
#Filename: odd_even_nos.py

n=int(input('Enter number:'))
print('The Even Numbers Are:')
for i in range(2,n+1,2):
print(i,end=' ')
print('\nThe Odd Numbers Are:')
for i in range(1,n+1,2):
print(i,end=' ')

Output:
Enter number:10
The Even Numbers Are:
2 4 6 8 10
The Odd Numbers Are:
13579

Eg(6): Write a python program that find and displays the sum of natural numbers from 1 to given
number.
#Filename: sum_natual_nos.py

n=int(input('Enter number:'))
sum=0
for i in range(1,n+1):
sum+=i
print('The sum natural Nos=',sum)

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Output:
Enter number:10
The sum natural Nos= 55
Eg(7): Write a python program that finds and displays the sum of odd and even numbers from 1
to given number.
#Filename: sum_odd_even_nos.py

n=int(input('Enter number:'))
sum1=0 #to store odd sum
sum2=0 #to store even sum
for i in range(1,n+1):
if i%2!=0: # here, checking whether 'i' value is odd or not
sum1+=i
else:
sum2+=i
print('The sum Odd Nos=',sum1)
print('The sum Even Nos=',sum2)

Output:
Enter number:10
The sum Odd Nos= 25
The sum Even Nos= 30
Eg(8): A simple python example that illustrates ‘for’ loop with sequence.

L=[10,20,30] #here, 'L' is a list

sum=0
for i in L:
sum+=i
print(sum)

Output:
60

Eg(9):
s='python' #here, 's' is a string
for i in s:
print(i)

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Output:
p
y
t
h
o
n
Note: In above example, first ‘i’ value will be ‘p’, then ‘i’ value will be ‘y’ and so on..
(b) while loop (conditional loop)
This is conditional loop, i.e. the while loop will execute again and again until the condition’s result
is False.
Syntax:
while condition:
#whilebody

 Generally there will four steps in while loop. They are:

 Initialization expression (starting)
 Test Expression (Repeat/stop)
 While body (Doing/process of body)
 Update expression (changing)

Flowchart for “while” loop syntax

False
Condition1

True

While body

The statement that is outside of while loop

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Eg(1):
n=int(input('Enter Number:'))
i=1
while i<=n:
print(i)
i+=1

Output:
Enter Number:5
1
2
3
4
5

Eg(2): Write a python program that find and displays the sum of natural numbers from 1 to given
number (using while loop).
#Filename: sum_natual_nos.py

n=int(input('Enter Number:'))
i=1
sum=0
while i<=n:
sum+=i
i+=1
print('Sum of natural Nos is:',sum)

Output:
Enter Number:10
Sum of natural Nos is: 55

Eg(3): Write a python program that find and displays the series of Fibonacci upto given value.
#Filename: Fibonacci_nos.py

n=int(input('Enter Number to print fibonacci series:'))

a=0
b=1
print('The fibonacci series is:')
print(a,end=' ')
c=a+b

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while c<n:
print(c,end=' ')
c=a+b
a=b
b=c

Output:
Enter Number to print fibonacci series:100
The fibonacci series is:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
3) Jumping Statements
There are two jumping statements in the loops of python. They are:
(a) break statement
(b) continue statement

(a) break statement

 It terminates the execution of the loop.
 Break can be used in while loop and for loop.
Flowchart of break

False
Condition1

True

Yes
break?

No
Remaining body
Exit Loop

Eg(1):
s='uselessfellow'
for i in s:
if i=='f':
break
else:

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print(i)

Output:
u
s
e
l
e
s
s
Note: in above example, if ‘I’ value is ‘f’ then the ‘break’ will execute. That means, ‘for’ loop
execution will be aborted.

Eg(2):
a=10
for i in range(1,a+1):
if i==5:
break
else:
print(i)
print('hi')
print('EOP')

Output:
1
hi
2
hi
3
hi
4
hi
EOP
(b) continue statement
 The continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code inside a loop for the current iteration
only.
 Loop does not terminate but continues on with the next iteration.

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Flowchart of continue

False
`Condition

True

Yes
continue

No
Remaining body

Exit Loop

Eg(1):
s='uselessfellow'
for i in s:
if i=='f':
continue
print('hello')
else:
print(i)

Output:
u
s
e
l
e
s
s
e
l
l
o
w
Note: In above example, if ‘i' value is ‘f’ then ‘continue’ will execute. Once ‘continue’ will execute
then print(‘hello’) doesn’t execute.
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Eg(2): a=int(input('Enter number:'))

for i in range(1,a+1):
print('hi')
print('hello')
if i==2:
continue
print('uf')
print('bye')

Output:
Enter number:3
hi
hello
uf
bye
hi
hello
hi
hello
uf
bye

Note: In above example,

4) ‘else’ in loops
 We can use ‘else’ in ‘for’ or ‘while’ loops.
 ‘else’ part will executes in loops after successful completion of loop iterations.
 In case if loop will be aborted in middle of the execution, then ‘else’ doesn’t execute.

Eg(1):In the example, for loop ‘else’ part will execute, because ‘for’ will execute successfully.

s='python'
for i in s:
if i=='h':
pass
else:
print(i)
else:
print('End of the for loop::')

Output:

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p
y
t
o
n
End of the for loop::

Eg(2): In the example, for loop ‘else’ part doesn’t execute, because ‘for’ loop execution will be
aborted when ‘i' value in ‘h’.

s='python'
for i in s:
if i=='h':
break;
else:
print(i)
else:
print('End of the for loop::')

Output:
p
y
t

Flowchart
 Flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm to solve a problem.
 Symbols used in flowchart.

Start/Stop

Process

Condition / Decision
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Flow Control

Connectors

Input/ Output

Eg(1): Write a Flowchart that finds addition of two given numbers:

Start

Read a
Read b

c=a+b

print c

Stop

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Eg(2): Write a Flowchart that finds biggest among given two numbers:

Start

Read a
Read b

True False
a>b?

print a print b
is big is big

Stop

Pseudocode
The informal representation of steps to solve a problem is called pseudocode.
Eg(1): Write a pseudocode that finds biggest among given two numbers:
Sol:
Step1: start
Step2: read values into a and b
Step3: if a values is greater than b , then print a as an output, otherwise print ‘b’ as an output.
Step4: Stop

Decision Trees:
This is a tool that represent hierarchy of steps based on decisions.

Eg(1): Write a decision tree for the following problem.

The salesperson would like to deliver the food to house no.4 where there is sequence of houses
numbered from 1 to 10.

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If houseNo!=4

False True

False
Deliver food
True If houseNo!=4

False True

Deliver food If houseNo!=4

False True

Nested loop:
 The loop with in the loop is called nested loop.
 The nested loops are used to represent rows and columns.
 The outer loop represents number of rows and the inner loop represent number of columns.
Eg (1): Write a python program that prints the pattern as follows.
1
22
333
4444
55555
666666
7777777
88888888
999999999
Solution:
Note: In the given problem, there are 9 rows. That’s why outer loop should execute for 9 times.
In first iteration one 1 should be printed, in second iteration two 2’s , 3rd iteration three 3’s
…should be printed. That’s why the inner loop should execute from 1 to iteration number
of times.
for i in range(1,10):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(i,end='')
print()

Eg (2): Write a python program that prints the pattern as follows.

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999999999
88888888
7777777
666666
55555
4444
333
22
1
Solution
for i in range(9,0,-1):
for j in range(i,0,-1):
print(i,end='')
print()
Eg (3): Write a python program that prints the pattern as follows.
1
12
123
1234
12345
123456
1234567
12345678
123456789
Solution:
for i in range(1,10):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end='')
print()
Eg (2): Write a python program that prints the pattern as follows.

123456789
12345678
1234567
123456
12345
1234
123
12
1
Solution:

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for i in range(9,0,-1):
for j in range(1,i+1):
print(j,end='')
print()

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